The East Asia(or Physospermopsis) clade was recognized in previous molecular phylogenetic investigations into the higher-level relationships of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae. The composition of this clade, the phylogen...The East Asia(or Physospermopsis) clade was recognized in previous molecular phylogenetic investigations into the higher-level relationships of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae. The composition of this clade, the phylogenetic relationships among its constituent taxa, and the placement of species previously determined to be problematic have yet to be resolved. Herein, nr DNA ITS sequences were obtained for150 accessions of Apioideae, representing species whose distributions are in East Asia or genera having one or more species included within the East Asia clade. These data, along with published ITS sequences from other Apioideae(for 3678 accessions altogether), were subjected to maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. The results show that the East Asia clade contains representatives of 11currently recognized genera: Hansenia, Hymenolaena, Keraymonia, Sinolimprichtia, Acronema, Hymenidium, Physospermopsis, Pimpinella, Sinocarum, Tongoloa, and Trachydium. However, the latter seven genera have members falling outside of the East Asia clade, including the generic types of all except Tongoloa. Within the clade, the species comprising these seven genera are widely intermingled, greatly increasing confusion among relationships than previously realized. The problematic species Physospermopsis cuneata is confirmed as falling within the East Asia clade, whereas P. rubrinervis allies with the generic type in tribe Pleurospermeae. Physospermopsis kingdon-wardii is confirmed as a member of the genus Physospermopsis, whereas the generic attributions of P. cuneata and Tongoloa stewardii remain unclear. Two species of Sinocarum(S. filicinum and S. wolffianum) are transferred into the genus Meeboldia. This is the most comprehensive molecular phylogenetic investigation of the East Asia clade to date, and while the results increase systematic understanding of the clade, they also highlight the need for further studies of one of the most taxonomically intractable groups in Apioideae.展开更多
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is among the most prevalent causes of cancer-related death in patients worldwide.Resistance to immunotherapy and chemotherapy results in worse survival outcomes in ESCC.It is ur...Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is among the most prevalent causes of cancer-related death in patients worldwide.Resistance to immunotherapy and chemotherapy results in worse survival outcomes in ESCC.It is urgent to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of immune evasion and chemoresistance in ESCC.Here,we conducted RNA-sequencing analysis in ten ESCC tissues from cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy patients.We found that DMRTA1 was extremely upregulated in the non-pathologic complete response(non-pCR)group.The proliferation rate of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells was markedly decreased after knockdown of DMRTA1 expression,which could increase cisplatin sensitivity in ESCC.Additionally,suppression of DMRTA1 could decrease the immune escape of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells.Further mechanistic studies suggest that DMRTA1 can promote its expression by binding to the promoter of SOX2,which plays important roles in the progression and chemoresistance of ESCC in the form of positive feedback.Therefore,DMRTA1 could be a potential target to suppress immune escape and overcome chemoresistance in ESCC.展开更多
Wintergreen oil is a folk medicine widely used in foods,pesticides,cosmetics and drugs.In China,nine out of 47 species within Gaultheria(Ericaceae)are traditionally used as Chinese medicinal wintergreens;however,phylo...Wintergreen oil is a folk medicine widely used in foods,pesticides,cosmetics and drugs.In China,nine out of 47 species within Gaultheria(Ericaceae)are traditionally used as Chinese medicinal wintergreens;however,phylogenetic approaches currently used to discriminating these species remain unsatisfactory.In this study,we sequenced and characterized plastomes from nine Chinese wintergreen species and identified candidate DNA barcoding regions for Gaultheria.Each Gaultheria plastome contained 110 unique genes(76 protein-coding,30 tRNA,and four rRNA genes).Duplication of trnfM,rps14,and rpl23 genes were detected,while all plastomes lacked ycf1 and ycf2 genes.Gaultheria plastomes shared substantially contracted SSC regions that contained only the ndhF gene.Moreover,plastomes of Gaultheria leucocarpa var.yunnanensis contained an inversion in the LSC region and an IR expansion to cover the ndhF gene.Multiple rearrangement events apparently occurred between the Gaultheria plastomes and those from several previously reported families in Ericales.Our phylogenetic reconstruction using 42 plastomes revealed well-supported relationships within all nine Gaultheria species.Additionally,seven mutational hotspot regions were identified as potential DNA barcodes for Chinese medicinal wintergreens.Our study is the first to generate complete plastomes and describe the structural variations of the complicated genus Gaultheria.In addition,our findings provide important resources for identification of Chinese medicinal wintergreens.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of late-onset Charcot–Marie–Tooth(CMT)type 2A.Methods:A pedigree survey combined with clinical and genetic testing was used for integrated analyses.Resul...Objective:To analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of late-onset Charcot–Marie–Tooth(CMT)type 2A.Methods:A pedigree survey combined with clinical and genetic testing was used for integrated analyses.Results:The proband showed muscle atrophy in both hips and thighs,obviously in the posterior sides of both legs.The serum creatine kinase(CK)value was 272U/L.EMG:the median nerve conduction velocity was normal and the nerves of both lower extremities showed neurogenic damage(mainly axonal).Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous variant in exon 9 of the MFN2 gene NM 014874:c.839G>A(p.R280H).The Father of the proband had similar symptoms of peripheral neuromuscular and the same heterozygous mutation,but the mother did not show similar clinical symptoms and the genetic mutation.Conclusion:Pedigree investigation combined with clinical and genetic analysis is a kind of reliable method for late-onset CMT2A diagnosing and helping to identify different neuromuscular diseases.展开更多
The aerial parts of Mosla chinensis Maxim.and Mosla chinensis cv.'Jiangxiangru'(MCJ)are widely utilized in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),known collectively as Xiang-ru.However,due to clinical effectiveness...The aerial parts of Mosla chinensis Maxim.and Mosla chinensis cv.'Jiangxiangru'(MCJ)are widely utilized in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),known collectively as Xiang-ru.However,due to clinical effectiveness concerns and frequent misidentification,the original plants have increasingly been substituted by various species within the genera Elsholtzia and Mosla.The challenge in distinguishing between these genera arises from their similar morphological and metabolic profiles.To address this issue,our study introduced a rapid method for metabolic characterization,employing high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.Through detailed biosynthetic and chemometric analyses,we pinpointed five phenolic compounds—salviaflaside,cynaroside,scutellarein-7-O-D-glucoside,rutin,and vicenin-2—among 203 identified compounds,as reliable chemical markers for distinguishing Xiang-ru from closely related Elsholtzia species.This methodology holds promise for broad application in the analysis of plant aerial parts,especially in verifying the authenticity of aromatic traditional medicinal plants.Our findings underscore the importance of non-volatile compounds as dependable chemical markers in the authentication process of aromatic traditional medicinal plants.展开更多
Amphibian skin contains rich bioactive peptides. Especially, a large amount of antimicrobial peptides have been identified from amphibian skin secretions. Antimicrobial peptides display potent cytolytic activities aga...Amphibian skin contains rich bioactive peptides. Especially, a large amount of antimicrobial peptides have been identified from amphibian skin secretions. Antimicrobial peptides display potent cytolytic activities against a range of pathogenic bacteria and fungi and play important defense roles. No antimicrobial peptides have been reported from toads belonging to the family of Pelobatidae. In this work, two novel antimicrobial peptides(Megin 1 and Megin 2) were purified and characterized from the skin venoms of spadefoot toad Megophrys minor(Pelobatidae, Anura, Amphibia). Megin 1 had an amino acid sequence of FLKGCWTKWYSLKPKCPF-NH2, which was composed of 18 amino acid residues and contained an intra-molecular disulfide bridge and an amidated C-terminus. Megin 2 had an amino acid sequence of FFVLKFLLKWAGKVGLEHLACKFKNWC, which was composed of 27 amino acid residues and contained an intra-molecular disulfide bridge. Both Megin 1 and Megin 2 showed potential antimicrobial abilities against bacteria and fungi. The MICs of Megin 1 against Escherichia coli, Bacillus dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans were 25, 3, 6.25, 3, and 50 μg·m L^(-1), respectively. The corresponding MICs for Megin 2 were 6.25, 1.5, 12.5, 1.5, and 12.5 μg·m L^(-1), respectively. They also exerted strong hemolytic activity against human and rabbit red cells. The results suggested that megin peptides in the toad skin of M. minor displayed toxic effects on both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. This was the first report of antimicrobial peptides from amphibians belonging to the family of Pelobatidae.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)is the etiologic agent responsible for the global coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Numerous studies have demonstrated that cardiovascular disease m...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)is the etiologic agent responsible for the global coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Numerous studies have demonstrated that cardiovascular disease may affect COVID-19 progression.In the present study,we investigated the effect of hypertension on viral replication and COVID-19 progression using a hypertensive mouse model infected with SARS-Co V-2.Results revealed that SARS-Co V-2 replication was delayed in hypertensive mouse lungs.In contrast,SARS-Co V-2 replication in hypertensive mice treated with the antihypertensive drug captopril demonstrated similar virus replication as SARS-Co V-2-infected normotensive mice.展开更多
Mushrooms in the basidiomycete family Amanitaceae are very important both economically and ecologically.However,the delimitation of the family is still controversial,in part due to limited taxon sampling and in part b...Mushrooms in the basidiomycete family Amanitaceae are very important both economically and ecologically.However,the delimitation of the family is still controversial,in part due to limited taxon sampling and in part because of insufficient gene fragment employed for molecular phylogenetic analyses.Furthermore,species diversity in the family is likely to have been largely underestimated,due to morphological similarity between taxa and phenotypic plasticity.In this study,we examined 1190 collections,including 1008 Chinese and 182 external ones,and performed the first comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Amanitaceae using multi-locus sequence data.To test the monophyly of the Amanitaceae,a concatenated(nrLSU,rpb1,and rpb2)dataset of 200 taxa of the order Agaricales was analyzed.To infer the phylogeny of Amanitaceae,a concatenated nrLSU,tef1-a,rpb2 and b-tubulin dataset(3010 sequences from ca.890 samples with 2309 newly generated sequences)was used.In this dataset,252 sequences from the types of 77 species were provided.Our results indicate that Amanitaceae is a monophyletic group,and consists of five genera,namely Amanita,Catatrama,Limacella,Limacellopsis and Myxoderma.It is clear that Catatrama is closely related to Limacella,however,the phylogenetic relationships among these genera remain largely unresolved.Amanita contains 95%of the species in the family,and is here divided into three subgenera and eleven sections(subgen.Amanita,containing:sect.Amanita,sect.Amarrendiae,sect.Caesareae and sect.Vaginatae;subgen.Amanitina,containing:sect.Amidella,sect.Arenariae,sect.Phalloideae,sect.Roanokenses,sect.Strobiliformes and sect.Validae;and subgen.Lepidella,containing sect.Lepidella).Subgen.Lepidella occupies the basal position in the genus.One-hundred and sixty-two species of Amanitaceae known from China are treated in this study,including 50 novel species and 112 known taxa.Amanita gleocystidiosa,A.pyriformis,A.atrofusca,A.subjunquillea var.alba and A.areolata are treated as synonyms of A.sychnopyramis f.subannulata,A.orientigemmata,A.umbrinolutea,A.subjunquillea and A.zangii,respectively.26 extralimital taxa including a novel species,namelyCatatrama indica,were included in our study to allow us to make comparisons between these and the Chinese taxa.DNA sequence data for all the species of Amanitaceae in China and keys for identification of the species are provided.展开更多
Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including 11 new genera,89 new species,one new subspecies,three new combinations and seven reference specimens.Awide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa ar...Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including 11 new genera,89 new species,one new subspecies,three new combinations and seven reference specimens.Awide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed.In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora(Testudinaceae),Camporesia(Xylariaceae),Clematidis,Crassiparies(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Farasanispora,Longiostiolum(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Multilocularia(Parabambusicolaceae),Neophaeocryptopus(Dothideaceae),Parameliola(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),and Towyspora(Lentitheciaceae)are introduced.Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis,Aniptodera aquibella,Annulohypoxylon albidiscum,Astrocystis thailandica,Camporesia sambuci,Clematidis italica,Colletotrichum menispermi,C.quinquefoliae,Comoclathris pimpinellae,Crassiparies quadrisporus,Cytospora salicicola,Diatrype thailandica,Dothiorella rhamni,Durotheca macrostroma,Farasanispora avicenniae,Halorosellinia rhizophorae,Humicola koreana,Hypoxylon lilloi,Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae,Lindgomyces okinawaensis,Longiostiolum tectonae,Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum,Moelleriella phukhiaoensis,M.pongdueatensis,Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi,Multilocularia bambusae,Multiseptospora thysanolaenae,Neophaeocryptopus cytisi,Ocellularia arachchigei,O.ratnapurensis,Ochronectria thailandica,Ophiocordyceps karstii,Parameliola acaciae,P.dimocarpi,Parastagonospora cumpignensis,Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei,Polyplosphaeria thailandica,Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis,Psiloglonium macrosporum,Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus,Rosellinia chiangmaiensis,Saccothecium rubi,Seimatosporium pseudocornii,S.pseudorosae,Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari.New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis(sexual morph described and illus trated)and Pseudocamarosporium pini.Descriptions,illustrations and/or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea,Cryptovalsa ampelina,Dothiorella vidmadera,Ophiocordyceps formosana,Petrakia echinata,Phragmoporthe conformis and Pseudocamarosporium pini.The new species of Basidiomycota are Agaricus coccyginus,A.luteofibrillosus,Amanita atrobrunnea,A.digitosa,A.gleocystidiosa,A.pyriformis,A.strobilipes,Bondarzewia tibetica,Cortinarius albosericeus,C.badioflavidus,C.dentigratus,C.duboisensis,C.fragrantissimus,C.roseobasilis,C.vinaceobrunneus,C.vinaceogrisescens,C.wahkiacus,Cyanoboletus hymenoglutinosus,Fomitiporia atlantica,F.subtilissima,Ganoderma wuzhishanensis,Inonotus shoreicola,Lactifluus armeniacus,L.ramipilosus,Leccinum indoaurantiacum,Musumecia alpina,M.sardoa,Russula amethystina subp.tengii and R.wangii are introduced.Descriptions,illustrations,notes and/or reference specimens are designated for Clarkeinda trachodes,Dentocorticium ussuricum,Galzinia longibasidia,Lentinus stuppeus and Leptocorticium tenellum.The other new genera,species new combinations are Anaeromyces robustus,Neocallimastix californiae and Piromyces finnis from Neocallimastigomycota,Phytophthora estuarina,P.rhizophorae,Salispina,S.intermedia,S.lobata and S.spinosa from Oomycota,and Absidia stercoraria,Gongronella orasabula,Mortierella calciphila,Mucor caatinguensis,M.koreanus,M.merdicola and Rhizopus koreanus in Zygomycota.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 31960048 and 31872649)Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program (no. YNWRQNBJ-2019-208)+2 种基金the Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province (no. 202201AT070118)the Hundred Talents Program of Kunming Medical University (no. 60118260127)the Gaoligong Mountain, Forest Ecosystem, Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province (no. 202205AM070006)。
文摘The East Asia(or Physospermopsis) clade was recognized in previous molecular phylogenetic investigations into the higher-level relationships of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae. The composition of this clade, the phylogenetic relationships among its constituent taxa, and the placement of species previously determined to be problematic have yet to be resolved. Herein, nr DNA ITS sequences were obtained for150 accessions of Apioideae, representing species whose distributions are in East Asia or genera having one or more species included within the East Asia clade. These data, along with published ITS sequences from other Apioideae(for 3678 accessions altogether), were subjected to maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. The results show that the East Asia clade contains representatives of 11currently recognized genera: Hansenia, Hymenolaena, Keraymonia, Sinolimprichtia, Acronema, Hymenidium, Physospermopsis, Pimpinella, Sinocarum, Tongoloa, and Trachydium. However, the latter seven genera have members falling outside of the East Asia clade, including the generic types of all except Tongoloa. Within the clade, the species comprising these seven genera are widely intermingled, greatly increasing confusion among relationships than previously realized. The problematic species Physospermopsis cuneata is confirmed as falling within the East Asia clade, whereas P. rubrinervis allies with the generic type in tribe Pleurospermeae. Physospermopsis kingdon-wardii is confirmed as a member of the genus Physospermopsis, whereas the generic attributions of P. cuneata and Tongoloa stewardii remain unclear. Two species of Sinocarum(S. filicinum and S. wolffianum) are transferred into the genus Meeboldia. This is the most comprehensive molecular phylogenetic investigation of the East Asia clade to date, and while the results increase systematic understanding of the clade, they also highlight the need for further studies of one of the most taxonomically intractable groups in Apioideae.
基金funded by the Department of Education of Yunnan Province(No.2021J0244).
文摘Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is among the most prevalent causes of cancer-related death in patients worldwide.Resistance to immunotherapy and chemotherapy results in worse survival outcomes in ESCC.It is urgent to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of immune evasion and chemoresistance in ESCC.Here,we conducted RNA-sequencing analysis in ten ESCC tissues from cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy patients.We found that DMRTA1 was extremely upregulated in the non-pathologic complete response(non-pCR)group.The proliferation rate of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells was markedly decreased after knockdown of DMRTA1 expression,which could increase cisplatin sensitivity in ESCC.Additionally,suppression of DMRTA1 could decrease the immune escape of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells.Further mechanistic studies suggest that DMRTA1 can promote its expression by binding to the promoter of SOX2,which plays important roles in the progression and chemoresistance of ESCC in the form of positive feedback.Therefore,DMRTA1 could be a potential target to suppress immune escape and overcome chemoresistance in ESCC.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960080,41671052 and 42175139)the Reserve Talents of Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders in Yunnan province(202005AC160020)the Program Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in Yunnan Province(202005AE160004).
文摘Wintergreen oil is a folk medicine widely used in foods,pesticides,cosmetics and drugs.In China,nine out of 47 species within Gaultheria(Ericaceae)are traditionally used as Chinese medicinal wintergreens;however,phylogenetic approaches currently used to discriminating these species remain unsatisfactory.In this study,we sequenced and characterized plastomes from nine Chinese wintergreen species and identified candidate DNA barcoding regions for Gaultheria.Each Gaultheria plastome contained 110 unique genes(76 protein-coding,30 tRNA,and four rRNA genes).Duplication of trnfM,rps14,and rpl23 genes were detected,while all plastomes lacked ycf1 and ycf2 genes.Gaultheria plastomes shared substantially contracted SSC regions that contained only the ndhF gene.Moreover,plastomes of Gaultheria leucocarpa var.yunnanensis contained an inversion in the LSC region and an IR expansion to cover the ndhF gene.Multiple rearrangement events apparently occurred between the Gaultheria plastomes and those from several previously reported families in Ericales.Our phylogenetic reconstruction using 42 plastomes revealed well-supported relationships within all nine Gaultheria species.Additionally,seven mutational hotspot regions were identified as potential DNA barcodes for Chinese medicinal wintergreens.Our study is the first to generate complete plastomes and describe the structural variations of the complicated genus Gaultheria.In addition,our findings provide important resources for identification of Chinese medicinal wintergreens.
基金Fundamental research general project of local undergraduate universities(part)in Yunnan Province(No.2018FH001-082)Key project of Applied Basic Research Plan of Yunnan Province(No.2018FA010)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31571304)Yunnan Training Programme for the advanced Talents of Health and Medical Technology(No.D-2018013)the Scientific and technological talents and platform plan,high-level scientific and technological talents and innovative team selection project-Young and middle-aged academic and technical leaders reserve talent project(No.202005AC160011)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of late-onset Charcot–Marie–Tooth(CMT)type 2A.Methods:A pedigree survey combined with clinical and genetic testing was used for integrated analyses.Results:The proband showed muscle atrophy in both hips and thighs,obviously in the posterior sides of both legs.The serum creatine kinase(CK)value was 272U/L.EMG:the median nerve conduction velocity was normal and the nerves of both lower extremities showed neurogenic damage(mainly axonal).Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous variant in exon 9 of the MFN2 gene NM 014874:c.839G>A(p.R280H).The Father of the proband had similar symptoms of peripheral neuromuscular and the same heterozygous mutation,but the mother did not show similar clinical symptoms and the genetic mutation.Conclusion:Pedigree investigation combined with clinical and genetic analysis is a kind of reliable method for late-onset CMT2A diagnosing and helping to identify different neuromuscular diseases.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3501700)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Cast(No.2021-QNRC1-02)+1 种基金the Key Project at Central Government Level:The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources(No.2060302)the Research Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipalit(No.21DZ2202300)。
文摘The aerial parts of Mosla chinensis Maxim.and Mosla chinensis cv.'Jiangxiangru'(MCJ)are widely utilized in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),known collectively as Xiang-ru.However,due to clinical effectiveness concerns and frequent misidentification,the original plants have increasingly been substituted by various species within the genera Elsholtzia and Mosla.The challenge in distinguishing between these genera arises from their similar morphological and metabolic profiles.To address this issue,our study introduced a rapid method for metabolic characterization,employing high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.Through detailed biosynthetic and chemometric analyses,we pinpointed five phenolic compounds—salviaflaside,cynaroside,scutellarein-7-O-D-glucoside,rutin,and vicenin-2—among 203 identified compounds,as reliable chemical markers for distinguishing Xiang-ru from closely related Elsholtzia species.This methodology holds promise for broad application in the analysis of plant aerial parts,especially in verifying the authenticity of aromatic traditional medicinal plants.Our findings underscore the importance of non-volatile compounds as dependable chemical markers in the authentication process of aromatic traditional medicinal plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81273375)Jiangsu Provincial Qing Lan Project
文摘Amphibian skin contains rich bioactive peptides. Especially, a large amount of antimicrobial peptides have been identified from amphibian skin secretions. Antimicrobial peptides display potent cytolytic activities against a range of pathogenic bacteria and fungi and play important defense roles. No antimicrobial peptides have been reported from toads belonging to the family of Pelobatidae. In this work, two novel antimicrobial peptides(Megin 1 and Megin 2) were purified and characterized from the skin venoms of spadefoot toad Megophrys minor(Pelobatidae, Anura, Amphibia). Megin 1 had an amino acid sequence of FLKGCWTKWYSLKPKCPF-NH2, which was composed of 18 amino acid residues and contained an intra-molecular disulfide bridge and an amidated C-terminus. Megin 2 had an amino acid sequence of FFVLKFLLKWAGKVGLEHLACKFKNWC, which was composed of 27 amino acid residues and contained an intra-molecular disulfide bridge. Both Megin 1 and Megin 2 showed potential antimicrobial abilities against bacteria and fungi. The MICs of Megin 1 against Escherichia coli, Bacillus dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans were 25, 3, 6.25, 3, and 50 μg·m L^(-1), respectively. The corresponding MICs for Megin 2 were 6.25, 1.5, 12.5, 1.5, and 12.5 μg·m L^(-1), respectively. They also exerted strong hemolytic activity against human and rabbit red cells. The results suggested that megin peptides in the toad skin of M. minor displayed toxic effects on both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. This was the first report of antimicrobial peptides from amphibians belonging to the family of Pelobatidae.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC0842000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81960662)Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province(202001AS070034)。
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)is the etiologic agent responsible for the global coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Numerous studies have demonstrated that cardiovascular disease may affect COVID-19 progression.In the present study,we investigated the effect of hypertension on viral replication and COVID-19 progression using a hypertensive mouse model infected with SARS-Co V-2.Results revealed that SARS-Co V-2 replication was delayed in hypertensive mouse lungs.In contrast,SARS-Co V-2 replication in hypertensive mice treated with the antihypertensive drug captopril demonstrated similar virus replication as SARS-Co V-2-infected normotensive mice.
基金This work is supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Yunnan Provincial Government(U1302263)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31000000)+1 种基金the Biodiversity Conservation Program of the Ministry of Environmental Protection(2016HB2096001006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600031).
文摘Mushrooms in the basidiomycete family Amanitaceae are very important both economically and ecologically.However,the delimitation of the family is still controversial,in part due to limited taxon sampling and in part because of insufficient gene fragment employed for molecular phylogenetic analyses.Furthermore,species diversity in the family is likely to have been largely underestimated,due to morphological similarity between taxa and phenotypic plasticity.In this study,we examined 1190 collections,including 1008 Chinese and 182 external ones,and performed the first comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Amanitaceae using multi-locus sequence data.To test the monophyly of the Amanitaceae,a concatenated(nrLSU,rpb1,and rpb2)dataset of 200 taxa of the order Agaricales was analyzed.To infer the phylogeny of Amanitaceae,a concatenated nrLSU,tef1-a,rpb2 and b-tubulin dataset(3010 sequences from ca.890 samples with 2309 newly generated sequences)was used.In this dataset,252 sequences from the types of 77 species were provided.Our results indicate that Amanitaceae is a monophyletic group,and consists of five genera,namely Amanita,Catatrama,Limacella,Limacellopsis and Myxoderma.It is clear that Catatrama is closely related to Limacella,however,the phylogenetic relationships among these genera remain largely unresolved.Amanita contains 95%of the species in the family,and is here divided into three subgenera and eleven sections(subgen.Amanita,containing:sect.Amanita,sect.Amarrendiae,sect.Caesareae and sect.Vaginatae;subgen.Amanitina,containing:sect.Amidella,sect.Arenariae,sect.Phalloideae,sect.Roanokenses,sect.Strobiliformes and sect.Validae;and subgen.Lepidella,containing sect.Lepidella).Subgen.Lepidella occupies the basal position in the genus.One-hundred and sixty-two species of Amanitaceae known from China are treated in this study,including 50 novel species and 112 known taxa.Amanita gleocystidiosa,A.pyriformis,A.atrofusca,A.subjunquillea var.alba and A.areolata are treated as synonyms of A.sychnopyramis f.subannulata,A.orientigemmata,A.umbrinolutea,A.subjunquillea and A.zangii,respectively.26 extralimital taxa including a novel species,namelyCatatrama indica,were included in our study to allow us to make comparisons between these and the Chinese taxa.DNA sequence data for all the species of Amanitaceae in China and keys for identification of the species are provided.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30770013,No.31500013,No.31000013,No.31360014,No.31470152)the Special Program of Basic Science of the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2012FY111600)the Technology of and International Cooperation Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2009DFA31160)of the People’s Republic of China,and the opening funding of State key Laboratory of Mycology,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences for funding。
文摘Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including 11 new genera,89 new species,one new subspecies,three new combinations and seven reference specimens.Awide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed.In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora(Testudinaceae),Camporesia(Xylariaceae),Clematidis,Crassiparies(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Farasanispora,Longiostiolum(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Multilocularia(Parabambusicolaceae),Neophaeocryptopus(Dothideaceae),Parameliola(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),and Towyspora(Lentitheciaceae)are introduced.Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis,Aniptodera aquibella,Annulohypoxylon albidiscum,Astrocystis thailandica,Camporesia sambuci,Clematidis italica,Colletotrichum menispermi,C.quinquefoliae,Comoclathris pimpinellae,Crassiparies quadrisporus,Cytospora salicicola,Diatrype thailandica,Dothiorella rhamni,Durotheca macrostroma,Farasanispora avicenniae,Halorosellinia rhizophorae,Humicola koreana,Hypoxylon lilloi,Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae,Lindgomyces okinawaensis,Longiostiolum tectonae,Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum,Moelleriella phukhiaoensis,M.pongdueatensis,Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi,Multilocularia bambusae,Multiseptospora thysanolaenae,Neophaeocryptopus cytisi,Ocellularia arachchigei,O.ratnapurensis,Ochronectria thailandica,Ophiocordyceps karstii,Parameliola acaciae,P.dimocarpi,Parastagonospora cumpignensis,Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei,Polyplosphaeria thailandica,Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis,Psiloglonium macrosporum,Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus,Rosellinia chiangmaiensis,Saccothecium rubi,Seimatosporium pseudocornii,S.pseudorosae,Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari.New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis(sexual morph described and illus trated)and Pseudocamarosporium pini.Descriptions,illustrations and/or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea,Cryptovalsa ampelina,Dothiorella vidmadera,Ophiocordyceps formosana,Petrakia echinata,Phragmoporthe conformis and Pseudocamarosporium pini.The new species of Basidiomycota are Agaricus coccyginus,A.luteofibrillosus,Amanita atrobrunnea,A.digitosa,A.gleocystidiosa,A.pyriformis,A.strobilipes,Bondarzewia tibetica,Cortinarius albosericeus,C.badioflavidus,C.dentigratus,C.duboisensis,C.fragrantissimus,C.roseobasilis,C.vinaceobrunneus,C.vinaceogrisescens,C.wahkiacus,Cyanoboletus hymenoglutinosus,Fomitiporia atlantica,F.subtilissima,Ganoderma wuzhishanensis,Inonotus shoreicola,Lactifluus armeniacus,L.ramipilosus,Leccinum indoaurantiacum,Musumecia alpina,M.sardoa,Russula amethystina subp.tengii and R.wangii are introduced.Descriptions,illustrations,notes and/or reference specimens are designated for Clarkeinda trachodes,Dentocorticium ussuricum,Galzinia longibasidia,Lentinus stuppeus and Leptocorticium tenellum.The other new genera,species new combinations are Anaeromyces robustus,Neocallimastix californiae and Piromyces finnis from Neocallimastigomycota,Phytophthora estuarina,P.rhizophorae,Salispina,S.intermedia,S.lobata and S.spinosa from Oomycota,and Absidia stercoraria,Gongronella orasabula,Mortierella calciphila,Mucor caatinguensis,M.koreanus,M.merdicola and Rhizopus koreanus in Zygomycota.
