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Lipid peroxidation: Its effects on the formulation and use of pharmaceutical emulsions 被引量:1
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作者 Ramona Khanum Haema Thevanayagam 《Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences》 SCIE CAS 2017年第5期401-411,共11页
Pharmaceutical delivery systems are developed to improve the physicochemical properties of therapeutic compounds. Emulsions are one of these drug delivering systems formulated using water, oils and lipids as main ingr... Pharmaceutical delivery systems are developed to improve the physicochemical properties of therapeutic compounds. Emulsions are one of these drug delivering systems formulated using water, oils and lipids as main ingredients. Extensive data are usually generated on the physical and chemical characteristics of these oil-in-water and lipid emulsions. However, the oxidative tendency of emulsions is often overlooked. Oxidation impacts the overall quality and safety of these pharmaceutical emulsions. Additionally, introducing oxidatively unstable emulsions into biological systems further promotes oxidation in situ. Products of these reactions then continue to pose serious harm to cells and fuel other physiological oxidation reactions. Consequently, the increase of oxidation products leads to oxidative damage to biological systems. Thus, emulsions with lower lipid peroxidation are more stable and will reduce the negative effects of oxidation in situ. Preventive measures during the formulation of emulsions are important. Many naturally occurring and cost effective substances possess low oxidation tendencies and confer oxidative protection when used in emulsions. Additionally,certain preparatory methods should be employed to reduce or better control lipid peroxidation.Finally, emulsions must be evaluated for their oxidation susceptibility using the various techniques available. Careful attention to the preparation of emulsions and assessment of their oxidative stability will help produce safer emulsions without compromising efficacy. 展开更多
关键词 DRUG delivery Emulsions LIPIDS PEROXIDATION OXIDATIVE stress
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Rapid Detection of Oil Pollution in Soil by Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy 被引量:2
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作者 Ali KHUMAENI Wahyu Setia BUDI +2 位作者 Asep Yoyo WARDAYA Rinda HEDWIG Koo Hendrik KURNIAWAN 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第12期1186-1191,共6页
Detection of oil pollution in soil has been carried out using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS). A pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG) laser(1,064 nm, 8 ns, 200 mJ) was focused onto ... Detection of oil pollution in soil has been carried out using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS). A pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG) laser(1,064 nm, 8 ns, 200 mJ) was focused onto pelletized soil samples. Emission spectra were obtained from oil-contaminated soil and clean soil. The contaminated soil had almost the same spectrum profile as the clean soil and contained the same major and minor elements. However, a C–H molecular band was clearly detected in the oil-contaminated soil, while no C–H band was detected in the clean soil. Linear calibration curve of the C–H molecular band was successfully made by using a soil sample containing various concentrations of oil. The limit of detection of the C–H band in the soil sample was 0.001 mL/g. Furthermore, the emission spectrum of the contaminated soil clearly displayed titanium(Ti) lines, which were not detected in the clean soil. The existence of the C–H band and Ti lines in oil-contaminated soil can be used to clearly distinguish contaminated soil from clean soil. For comparison, the emission spectra of contaminated and clean soil were also obtained using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray(SEM/EDX) spectroscopy,showing that the spectra obtained using LIBS are much better than using SEM/EDX, as indicated by the signal to noise ratio(S/N ratio). 展开更多
关键词 laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy LIBS oil pollution soil analysis C–H molecular band
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“Man Shall Find Grace”: A Biblical Reading of the “Eternal Providence” in Milton's Paradise Los 被引量:2
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作者 马亚娜 《海外英语》 2011年第2X期174-174,共1页
John Milton introduces the Biblical world into literature. Some modern critics think that in Paradise Lost, Milton makes Satan a hero while God a tyrant, yet, adopting the original Biblical perception, the reader will... John Milton introduces the Biblical world into literature. Some modern critics think that in Paradise Lost, Milton makes Satan a hero while God a tyrant, yet, adopting the original Biblical perception, the reader will see the "Eternal Providence" of God and will agree that Milton has succeeded in justifying God as a Father Who says "Man Shall Find Grace". A Biblical reading of this epic will be done by focusing on its detail contents. 展开更多
关键词 fall REDEMPTION GRACE guidance ETERNAL PROVIDENCE
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Thedual pathogenesisofpenileneoplasia: The heterogeneous morphology of human papillomavirus-relatedtumors
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作者 Alcides Chaux Diego F.Sanchez +4 位作者 Maria Jose Fernandez-Nestosa Sofia Canete-Portillo Ingrid M.Rodriguez Giovanna A.Giannico Antonio L.Cubilla 《Asian Journal of Urology》 CSCD 2022年第4期349-358,共10页
Objective:Penile neoplasia,usually of squamous histogenesis,is currently classfied into human papillomavirus(HPV)-related or-dependent and non-HPV-related or-indepen dent.There are distinct morphological differences a... Objective:Penile neoplasia,usually of squamous histogenesis,is currently classfied into human papillomavirus(HPV)-related or-dependent and non-HPV-related or-indepen dent.There are distinct morphological differences among the two groups.New research studies on penile cancer from Northern countries showed that the presence of HPV is corre lated with a better prognosis than virus negative people,while studies in Southern countries had not confirmed,perhaps due to differences in staging or treatment.Methods:We focused on the description of the HPV.related carcinomas of the penis.The approach was to describe common clinical features followed by the pathological features of each entity or subtype stressing the characteristics for differential diagnosis,HPV genotypes,and prognostic features of the invasive carcinomas.Similar structure was followed for penile intraepithelial neoplasia,except for prognosis because of the scant evidence available.Results:Most of HPV-related lesions can be straightforwardly recognized by routine hematoxylin and eosin stains,but in some cases surrogate p16 immunohistochemical staining or molecular methods such as in situ hybridization or polymerase chain reaction can be utilized.Currently,there are eight tumor invasive variants associated with HPV,as follows:basaloid,warty,warty-basaloid,papillary basaloid,clear cell,medullary,lymphoepithelioma-like,and giant condylomas with malignant transformation.Conclusion:This review presents and describes the heterogeneous clinical,morphological,and genatypic features of the HPV-related subtypes of invasive and non-invasive penile neoplasia. 展开更多
关键词 Penile neoplasia Squamous cell carcinoma Human papillomavirus Carcinoma in situ Penile intraepithelial neoplasia
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Correlates of Erectile Dysfunction in Nigerian Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Experience from a Tertiary Health Center
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作者 Chidiebele M. Ezeude Afoma M. Ezeude +2 位作者 Ekenechukwu E. Young Ogonna C. Oguejiofor Adamu G. Bakari 《Journal of Diabetes Mellitus》 2020年第3期182-201,共20页
<strong>Introduction: </strong>Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that is associated with poor quality of life and can be present in type 2 diabetics at the time o... <strong>Introduction: </strong>Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that is associated with poor quality of life and can be present in type 2 diabetics at the time of diagnosis. There are common risk factors associated with erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetic subjects. Some of these are potentially treatable or reversible. The risk factors evaluated by this study included glycaemic control, duration of diabetes, obesity, peripheral artery disease (PAD), hypertension and antihypertensive medications use. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This study was a cross sectional one carried out over a period of six months (June-November, 2016) at the diabetes clinic of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi and involved 124 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A convenience sampling method was used. A detailed physical examination, blood pressure and anthropometric measurements and vascular assessment with a hand-held doppler ultrasound were carried out. Data was collected using a study proforma. Erectile dysfunction was diagnosed with the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire while anxiety and depression were diagnosed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression questionnaires. Subjects that had anxiety/depression or hypogonadism were excluded from the study. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 124 subjects were studied, 48.4% of whom had erectile dysfunction. Glycaemic control was significantly associated with ED among the subjects (OR = 0.198, 95% CI = 0.081 - 0.483, P < 0.001). Similarly, peripheral artery disease (PAD) was significantly associated with ED in the subjects (OR = 2.867, 95% CI = 1.360 - 6.044, P = 0.006). However, no significant correlation was found between ED and obesity, duration of diabetes mellitus, antihypertensive medications use and duration of hypertension among the subjects (P > 0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Poor glycaemic control and presence of PAD significantly increase the risk of ED in male subjects with type 2 DM, thus underscoring the need for an early screening and treatment of these predictors of erectile dysfunction. 展开更多
关键词 Erectile Dysfunction HYPOGONADISM Type 2 Diabetes NIGERIA Risk Factors
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Pteropine Orthoreovirus(PRV7S)does not Establish Persistent Infection in NP460 Cells but with Inflammatory Response Triggered
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作者 LOH Mun Khin Alson SIEW Zhen Yun +4 位作者 LEONG Pooi Pooi KOH Rhun Yian CHYE Soi Moi WONG Siew Tung VOON Kenny 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第9期886-891,共6页
Pteropine orthoreovirus(PRV)is a nonenveloped double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)virus of the genus Orthoreovirus under the family Reoviridae.The PRV genome is composed of 10 dsRNA segments,including three large(L)segments,thr... Pteropine orthoreovirus(PRV)is a nonenveloped double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)virus of the genus Orthoreovirus under the family Reoviridae.The PRV genome is composed of 10 dsRNA segments,including three large(L)segments,three medium(M)segments,and four small(S)segments surrounded by an icosahedral capsid[1]. 展开更多
关键词 PRV PINE REOVIRUS
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Water Pollution Laws in Sierra Leone—A Review with Examples from the UK and USA 被引量:1
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作者 Abubakarr S. Mansaray Jason Aamodt Bashiru M. Koroma 《Natural Resources》 2018年第11期361-388,共28页
In Sierra Leone, poor water quality is a major threat to public health and aquatic life. The main source of this problem appears to be poorly?regulated waste disposal. Even though water pollution laws exist, their enf... In Sierra Leone, poor water quality is a major threat to public health and aquatic life. The main source of this problem appears to be poorly?regulated waste disposal. Even though water pollution laws exist, their enforcement is challenged by many gaps and,?seemingly, they?focus on the quest to sustain natural resource exploitation. This work presents a case for?strengthening?such laws to promote public health, economic growth, and resource conservation. The article presents examples of problems that necessitated promulgation of water pollution laws in the US and the UK. Sierra Leone has been affected by similar problems such as public health, war efforts, and industrialization. 展开更多
关键词 Water POLLUTION Permit PUBLIC HEALTH AGRICULTURE Mining
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Tribological evaluation of refined,bleached and deodorized palm stearin using four-ball tribotester with different normal loads
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作者 Chiong Ing TIONG Yahya AZLI +1 位作者 Mohammed Rafiq ABDUL KADIR Samion SYAHRULLAIL 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2012年第8期633-640,共8页
The effects of the mechanical factors with applied loads on the tribological performance of refined,bleached and deodorised(RBD) palm stearin(PS) were studied using a four-ball tribotester.All the RBD PS results were ... The effects of the mechanical factors with applied loads on the tribological performance of refined,bleached and deodorised(RBD) palm stearin(PS) were studied using a four-ball tribotester.All the RBD PS results were simultaneously compared with the additive-free paraffinic mineral oil(PMO).The experiments were carried out using different loads with a constant speed in order to gain a better understanding of the mechanical processes that occurred during the experiment.For each experiment,the temperature was increased to 75 °C and was run for 1 h.In a mechanical system,lubricant plays an important role in reducing wear and friction.PS exists as a semi-solid at room temperature after the fractionation process from oil palm.Due to the increasing rate of pollution to the environment,vegetable oil was chosen as the test lubricant with regard to its biodegradability.Other advantages of vegetable oil are that it is more easily harvestable and non-toxic compared to petroleum-based oil,which made it a suitable candidate.From the experiment,RBD PS is found to have a better friction constraint reduction compared with additive-free PMO. 展开更多
关键词 Palm stearin (PS) Four-ball tribotester Paraffinic mineral oil (PMO) Friction coefficient
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