Sexual and reproductive health(SRH)services are crucial for women especially during disasters,to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity from miscarriages,unsafe abortions,and post-abortion complications.This study ex...Sexual and reproductive health(SRH)services are crucial for women especially during disasters,to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity from miscarriages,unsafe abortions,and post-abortion complications.This study explored the SRH interventions provided during disaster response.A systematic review was conducted to identify what menstrual regulation(MR),safe abortion(SA),and post-abortion care(PAC)approaches/interventions exist to promote resilience in the health system in disaster settings;what intervention components were most eff ective;and challenges and opportunities to meeting SRH rights.Five electronic databases were searched,resulting in 4194 records.Following the screening process,seven publications were included.The intervention-related information in each publication was assessed based on availability,accessibility,acceptability,and quality.Two SRH approaches/interventions were found.The eff ectiveness of intervention components could not be conducted due to the limited number of relevant studies.Challenges were found at facility and community levels,and opportunities included overcoming them,making MR,SA,and PAC integral to the mitigation phase,and policy change to overcome barriers related to unaff ordability and inaccessibility.Recommendations are provided to encourage research and policy towards improving neglected SRH in disaster settings to realize Sustainable Development Goal 3 and the Global Strategy and Sendai Framework's priority to promote disaster-resilient health systems.展开更多
This article examines how risk is communicated by different actors,particularly local print newspapers and actors at the community level,in two different geographical contexts that are severely affected by wildfires—...This article examines how risk is communicated by different actors,particularly local print newspapers and actors at the community level,in two different geographical contexts that are severely affected by wildfires—the Brazilian Amazon and Atlantic Spain.We analyzed how wildfire risk is framed in local print media and local actor discourse to elucidate how wildfire risk is interpreted and aimed to identify the main priorities of these risk governance systems.The main findings reveal that the presentation of wildfire as a spectacle is a serious obstacle to the promotion of coherent risk governance and social learning,which involves recognizing wildfire risk as a social,political,economic,and environmental problem.Proactive risk governance should communicate the multifaceted nature of risk and stimulate dialogue and negotiation among all actors to build consensus regarding land use and the creation of risk.展开更多
Presence of the hepatitis C virus in HIV infected patients has an additional neurotoxic influence on the Central Nervous System. It has been described that HCV co-infection leads to neuropsychological impairment whose...Presence of the hepatitis C virus in HIV infected patients has an additional neurotoxic influence on the Central Nervous System. It has been described that HCV co-infection leads to neuropsychological impairment whose severity is greater than in mono-HIV infected subjects. In the present study we assessed the neuropsychological status of 46 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals from the Warsaw Hospital for Infectious Diseases. For the purpose of cognitive assessment, neuropsychological tests measuring global cognitive functions, attention and perception, verbal memory, as well as non-verbal aspects of executive functions, e.g. visual monitoring and planning, were assessed. In 60% of the investigated patients, who were co-infected with the hepatitis C virus, the overall cognitive outcome observed was worse than in mono-HIV infected subjects. The following factors were taken into account: ART therapy’s influence on cognitive functions using the CPE rank (CNS Penetration Efficacy, 2010), route of HIV transmission, conditions of human existence and age of investigated patients. The present work should be treated as a preliminary research and interpreted in the context of several limitations described in the text.展开更多
This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of university teachers who participated in online teaching for the first time during the COVID-19 pandemic.A qualitative method of data collection and inductive themat...This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of university teachers who participated in online teaching for the first time during the COVID-19 pandemic.A qualitative method of data collection and inductive thematic analysis were used.The data were collected through a semistructured interview from 11 faculty members who teach in various universities in Pakistan.The analysis presented five themes of the online teaching experience:culture and gender-related issues,teaching effectiveness,challenges in online teaching,coping strategies,and faculty's'post-COVID-19 perceptions.The findings reflect that the faculty prioritized to focus on immediate online instructional matters in the wake of the pandemic with a lack of emphasis on global practices for online learning.Experienced and young faculty reported disparities in striking a balance between pedagogy and technology.Moreover,despite the limitations,the experience itself prepared the faculty for a blended learning approach and increased their awareness of global and future challenges.The implications were reported based on the findings.展开更多
Background:In 2014,almost half of the global tuberculosis deaths occurred in the World Health Organization(WHO)African Region.Approximately 21.5%of the 6060742 TB cases(new and relapse)reported to the WHO in 2014 were...Background:In 2014,almost half of the global tuberculosis deaths occurred in the World Health Organization(WHO)African Region.Approximately 21.5%of the 6060742 TB cases(new and relapse)reported to the WHO in 2014 were in the African Region.The specific objective of this study was to estimate future gross domestic product(GDP)losses associated with TB deaths in the African Region for use in advocating for better strategies to prevent and control tuberculosis.Methods:The cost-of-illness method was used to estimate non-health GDP losses associated with TB deaths.Future non-health GDP losses were discounted at 3%.The analysis was conducted for three income groups of countries.One-way sensitivity analysis at 5 and 10%discount rates was undertaken to assess the impact on the expected non-health GDP loss.Results:The 0.753 million tuberculosis deaths that occurred in the African Region in 2014 would be expected to decrease the future non-health GDP by International Dollars(Int$)50.4 billion.Nearly 40.8,46.7 and 12.5%of that loss would come from high and upper-middle-countries or lower-middle-and low-income countries,respectively.The average total non-health GDP loss would be Int$66872 per tuberculosis death.The average non-health GDP loss per TB death was Int$167592 for Group 1,Int$69808 for Group 2 and Int$21513 for Group 3.Conclusion:Tuberculosis exerts a sizeable economic burden on the economies of the WHO AFR countries.This implies the need to strongly advocate for better strategies to prevent and control tuberculosis and to help countries end the epidemic of tuberculosis by 2030,as envisioned in the United Nations General Assembly resolution on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).展开更多
文摘Sexual and reproductive health(SRH)services are crucial for women especially during disasters,to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity from miscarriages,unsafe abortions,and post-abortion complications.This study explored the SRH interventions provided during disaster response.A systematic review was conducted to identify what menstrual regulation(MR),safe abortion(SA),and post-abortion care(PAC)approaches/interventions exist to promote resilience in the health system in disaster settings;what intervention components were most eff ective;and challenges and opportunities to meeting SRH rights.Five electronic databases were searched,resulting in 4194 records.Following the screening process,seven publications were included.The intervention-related information in each publication was assessed based on availability,accessibility,acceptability,and quality.Two SRH approaches/interventions were found.The eff ectiveness of intervention components could not be conducted due to the limited number of relevant studies.Challenges were found at facility and community levels,and opportunities included overcoming them,making MR,SA,and PAC integral to the mitigation phase,and policy change to overcome barriers related to unaff ordability and inaccessibility.Recommendations are provided to encourage research and policy towards improving neglected SRH in disaster settings to realize Sustainable Development Goal 3 and the Global Strategy and Sendai Framework's priority to promote disaster-resilient health systems.
文摘This article examines how risk is communicated by different actors,particularly local print newspapers and actors at the community level,in two different geographical contexts that are severely affected by wildfires—the Brazilian Amazon and Atlantic Spain.We analyzed how wildfire risk is framed in local print media and local actor discourse to elucidate how wildfire risk is interpreted and aimed to identify the main priorities of these risk governance systems.The main findings reveal that the presentation of wildfire as a spectacle is a serious obstacle to the promotion of coherent risk governance and social learning,which involves recognizing wildfire risk as a social,political,economic,and environmental problem.Proactive risk governance should communicate the multifaceted nature of risk and stimulate dialogue and negotiation among all actors to build consensus regarding land use and the creation of risk.
文摘Presence of the hepatitis C virus in HIV infected patients has an additional neurotoxic influence on the Central Nervous System. It has been described that HCV co-infection leads to neuropsychological impairment whose severity is greater than in mono-HIV infected subjects. In the present study we assessed the neuropsychological status of 46 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals from the Warsaw Hospital for Infectious Diseases. For the purpose of cognitive assessment, neuropsychological tests measuring global cognitive functions, attention and perception, verbal memory, as well as non-verbal aspects of executive functions, e.g. visual monitoring and planning, were assessed. In 60% of the investigated patients, who were co-infected with the hepatitis C virus, the overall cognitive outcome observed was worse than in mono-HIV infected subjects. The following factors were taken into account: ART therapy’s influence on cognitive functions using the CPE rank (CNS Penetration Efficacy, 2010), route of HIV transmission, conditions of human existence and age of investigated patients. The present work should be treated as a preliminary research and interpreted in the context of several limitations described in the text.
文摘This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of university teachers who participated in online teaching for the first time during the COVID-19 pandemic.A qualitative method of data collection and inductive thematic analysis were used.The data were collected through a semistructured interview from 11 faculty members who teach in various universities in Pakistan.The analysis presented five themes of the online teaching experience:culture and gender-related issues,teaching effectiveness,challenges in online teaching,coping strategies,and faculty's'post-COVID-19 perceptions.The findings reflect that the faculty prioritized to focus on immediate online instructional matters in the wake of the pandemic with a lack of emphasis on global practices for online learning.Experienced and young faculty reported disparities in striking a balance between pedagogy and technology.Moreover,despite the limitations,the experience itself prepared the faculty for a blended learning approach and increased their awareness of global and future challenges.The implications were reported based on the findings.
文摘Background:In 2014,almost half of the global tuberculosis deaths occurred in the World Health Organization(WHO)African Region.Approximately 21.5%of the 6060742 TB cases(new and relapse)reported to the WHO in 2014 were in the African Region.The specific objective of this study was to estimate future gross domestic product(GDP)losses associated with TB deaths in the African Region for use in advocating for better strategies to prevent and control tuberculosis.Methods:The cost-of-illness method was used to estimate non-health GDP losses associated with TB deaths.Future non-health GDP losses were discounted at 3%.The analysis was conducted for three income groups of countries.One-way sensitivity analysis at 5 and 10%discount rates was undertaken to assess the impact on the expected non-health GDP loss.Results:The 0.753 million tuberculosis deaths that occurred in the African Region in 2014 would be expected to decrease the future non-health GDP by International Dollars(Int$)50.4 billion.Nearly 40.8,46.7 and 12.5%of that loss would come from high and upper-middle-countries or lower-middle-and low-income countries,respectively.The average total non-health GDP loss would be Int$66872 per tuberculosis death.The average non-health GDP loss per TB death was Int$167592 for Group 1,Int$69808 for Group 2 and Int$21513 for Group 3.Conclusion:Tuberculosis exerts a sizeable economic burden on the economies of the WHO AFR countries.This implies the need to strongly advocate for better strategies to prevent and control tuberculosis and to help countries end the epidemic of tuberculosis by 2030,as envisioned in the United Nations General Assembly resolution on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).
