The mass communication model and interactive ritual chain theory,which serve as communication paradigms in the new media era,facilitate and enhance the synergy between the fields of social history of medicine and heal...The mass communication model and interactive ritual chain theory,which serve as communication paradigms in the new media era,facilitate and enhance the synergy between the fields of social history of medicine and health communication.This study employs a comprehensive framework based on the five elements of the mass communication model:information source,communication subject,communication object,message content,and post-communication feedback.Additionally,it incorporates the interactive ritual chain theory to examine the evolving dynamics and developmental trajectory of research in the social history of medicine during the new media era.Conclusively,this paper acknowledges the existing interaction gaps in the interaction between health communication and the social history of medicine research while outlining the challenges for fostering collaboration and proposing strategic optimizations for effective integration.展开更多
Paleogenomics is a discipline in which the extraction and analysis of DNA from ancient biological remains are studied to understand the evolutionary history of past organisms.Research on this topic has revealed the ev...Paleogenomics is a discipline in which the extraction and analysis of DNA from ancient biological remains are studied to understand the evolutionary history of past organisms.Research on this topic has revealed the evolutionary history of humans and other species,traced human migrations and genetic changes,and investigated ancient diseases and environmental influences due to its uniqueness.This paper reviews the scientific and technological history of the development of paleogenomics,including the molecular cloning era,the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technique era,the genomics era,and the bio-data analysis era.This field explores the key technological development processes and effects of significant scientific discoveries,ranging from gene cloning technology and sequencing technology to breakthroughs and applications in big data analysis,addressing challenges such as sample contamination and trace collection analysis in paleogenomics research.展开更多
Ebola virus(EBOV) and Marburg virus(MARV),belonging to the Filoviridae family,emerged four decades ago and caused severe viral hemorrhagic fever in human and other primates.As high as 50-90% mortality,filoviruses can ...Ebola virus(EBOV) and Marburg virus(MARV),belonging to the Filoviridae family,emerged four decades ago and caused severe viral hemorrhagic fever in human and other primates.As high as 50-90% mortality,filoviruses can cause significant threats to public health.However,so far no specific and efficient vaccine has been available,nor have other treatment methods proved to be effective.It is of great importance to detect these pathogens specific,rapidly and sensitively in order to control future filovirus outbreaks.Here,recent progresses in the development of detection and diagnosis methods for EBOV and MARV are summarized.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a malignancy with a high incidence and fatality rate worldwide.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is one of the most important risk factors for its occurrence and development.Early detecti...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a malignancy with a high incidence and fatality rate worldwide.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is one of the most important risk factors for its occurrence and development.Early detection of HBV-associated HCC(HBV-HCC)can improve clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.Biomarkers are extremely helpful,not only for early diagnosis,but also for the development of therapeutics.MicroRNAs(miRNAs),a subset of non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length,have increasingly attracted scientists’attention due to their potential utility as biomarkers for cancer detection and therapy.HBV profoundly impacts the expression of miRNAs potentially involved in the development of hepatocarcinogenesis.In this review,we summarize the current progress on the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of HBV-HCC.From a molecular standpoint,we discuss the mechanism by which HBV regulates miRNAs and investigate the exact effect of miRNAs on the promotion of HCC.In the near future,miRNA-based diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic applications will make their way into the clinical routine.展开更多
Efficient and eco-friendly disinfection of air-borne human respiratory RNA viruses is pursued in both public environment and portable usage.The AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet(DUV)light-emission diode(LED)has high practi...Efficient and eco-friendly disinfection of air-borne human respiratory RNA viruses is pursued in both public environment and portable usage.The AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet(DUV)light-emission diode(LED)has high practical potentials because of its advantages of variable wavelength,rapid sterilization,environmental protection,and miniaturization.Therefore,whether the emission wavelength has effects on the disinfection as well as whether the device is feasible to sterilize various respiratory RNA viruses under portable conditions is crucial.Here,we fabricate AlGaN-based DUV LEDs with different wavelength on high-temperature-annealed(HTA)AlN/Sapphire templates and investigate the inactivation effects for several respiratory RNA viruses.The AlN/AlGaN superlattices are employed between the template and upper n-AlGaN to release the strong compressive stress(SCS),improving the crystal quality and interface roughness.DUV LEDs with the wavelength of 256,265,and 278 nm,corresponding to the light output power of 6.8,9.6,and 12.5 mW,are realized,among which the 256 nm-LED shows the most potent inactivation effect in human respiratory RNA viruses,including SARS-CoV-2,influenza A virus(IAV),and human parainfluenza virus(HPIV),at a similar light power density(LPD)of~0.8 mW/cm2 for 10 s.These results will contribute to the advanced DUV LED application of disinfecting viruses with high potency and broad spectrum in a portable and eco-friendly use.展开更多
N^(1)-methyladenosine(m^(1)A)RNA methylation is critical for regulating mRNA translation;however,its role in the development,progression,and immunotherapy response of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)remain...N^(1)-methyladenosine(m^(1)A)RNA methylation is critical for regulating mRNA translation;however,its role in the development,progression,and immunotherapy response of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)remains largely unknown.Using Tgfbr1 and Pten conditional knockout(2cKO)mice,we found the neoplastic transformation of oral mucosa was accompanied by increased m^(1)A modification levels.Analysis of m^(1)A-associated genes identified TRMT61A as a key m^(1)A writer linked to cancer progression and poor prognosis.Mechanistically,TRMT61A-mediated tRNA-m^(1)A modification promotes MYC protein synthesis,upregulating programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression.Moreover,m^(1)A modification levels were also elevated in tumors treated with oncolytic herpes simplex virus(oHSV),contributing to reactive PD-L1 upregulation.Therapeutic m^(1)A inhibition sustained oHSV-induced antitumor immunity and reduced tumor growth,representing a promising strategy to alleviate resistance.These findings indicate that m^(1)A inhibition can prevent immune escape after oHSV therapy by reducing PD-L1 expression,providing a mutually reinforcing combination immunotherapy approach.展开更多
This study examined the signaling events induced by shikonin that lead to the induction of apoptosis in Bcr/ Abl-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia （CML） cells （e.g., K562, LAMA84）. Treatment of K562 cells with...This study examined the signaling events induced by shikonin that lead to the induction of apoptosis in Bcr/ Abl-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia （CML） cells （e.g., K562, LAMA84）. Treatment of K562 cells with shikonin （e.g., 0.5 pM） resulted in profound induction of apoptosis accompanied by rapid generation of reactive oxygen species （ROS）, striking activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase （JNK） and p38, marked release of the mitochondrial proteins cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO, activation of caspase-9 and -3, and cleavage of PARP. Scavenging of ROS completely blocked all of the above-mentioned events （i.e., JNK and p38 phosphorylation, cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO release, caspase and PARP cleavage, as well as the induction of apoptosis） following shikonin treatment. Inhibition of JNK and knock-down of JNK1 significantly attenuated cytochrome c release, caspase cleavage and apoptosis, but did not affect shikonin-mediated ROS production. Additionally, inhibition of caspase activation completely blocked shikonin-induced apoptosis, but did not appreciably modify shikonin-mediated cytochrome c release or ROS generation. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that shikonin-induced oxidative injury operates at a proximal point in apoptotic signaling cascades, and subsequently activates the stress-related JNK pathway, triggers mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation, and leads to apoptosis. Our data also suggest that shikonin may be a promising agent for the treatment of CML, as a generator of ROS.展开更多
Since the first human case of H5N1 avian influenza virus infection was reported in 1997, this highly pathogenic virus has infected hundreds of people around the world and resulted in many deaths. The ability of H5N1 t...Since the first human case of H5N1 avian influenza virus infection was reported in 1997, this highly pathogenic virus has infected hundreds of people around the world and resulted in many deaths. The ability of H5N1 to cross species boundaries, and the presence of polymorphisms that enhance virulence, present challenges to developing clear strategies to prevent the pandemic spread of this highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. This review summarizes the current understanding of, and recent research on, the avian influenza H5N1 virus, including transmission, virulence, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, treatment and prevention.展开更多
East Lake(Lake Donghu),located in Wuhan,China,is a typical city freshwater lake that has been experiencing eutrophic conditions and algal blooming during recent years.Marine and fresh water are considered to contain a...East Lake(Lake Donghu),located in Wuhan,China,is a typical city freshwater lake that has been experiencing eutrophic conditions and algal blooming during recent years.Marine and fresh water are considered to contain a large number of viruses.However,little is known about their genetic diversity because of the limited techniques for culturing viruses.In this study,we conducted a viral metagenomic analysis using a high-throughput sequencing technique with samples collected from East Lake in Spring,Summer,Autumn,and Winter.The libraries from four samples each generated 234,669,71,837,12,820,and 34,236 contigs(>90 bp each),respectively.The genetic structure of the viral community revealed a high genetic diversity covering 23 viral families,with the majority of contigs homologous to DNA viruses,including members of Myoviridae,Podoviridae,Siphoviridae,Phycodnaviridae,and Microviridae,which infect bacteria or algae,and members of Circoviridae,which infect invertebrates and vertebrates.The highest viral genetic diversity occurred in samples collected in August,then December and June,and the least diversity in March.Most contigs have low-sequence identities with known viruses.PCR detection targeting the conserved sequences of genes(g20,psbA,psbD,and DNApol)of cyanophages further confirmed that there are novel cyanophages in the East Lake.Our viral metagenomic data provide the first preliminary understanding of the virome in one freshwater lake in China and would be helpful for novel virus discovery and the control of algal blooming in the future.展开更多
Recent studies showed that white spot syndrome virus(WSSV) isolates from different geographic locations share a high genetic similarity except the variable regions in ORF23/24 and ORF14/15,and variable number of tande...Recent studies showed that white spot syndrome virus(WSSV) isolates from different geographic locations share a high genetic similarity except the variable regions in ORF23/24 and ORF14/15,and variable number of tandem repeats(VNTR) within ORF94.In this study,genotyping was performed according to these three variable regions among WSSV isolates collected during 1998/1999 from Southern China.These WSSV isolates contain a deletion of 1168,5657,5898,9316 and 11093 bp,respectively in the variable region ORF23/24 compared with WSSV-TW,and a deletion of 4749 or 5622 bp in the variable region ORF14/15 relative to TH-96-II.Four types of repeat units(RUs)(6,8,9 and 13 RUs) in ORF94 were detected in these isolates,with the shortest 6 RUs as the most prevalent type.Our results provide important information for a better understanding of the spatio-temporal transmission mode and the WSSV genetic evolution lineage.展开更多
Ebola virus （EBOV） and Marburg virus （MARV） are causative agents of severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in humans and non-human primates and there is currently no licensed vaccine or therapeutics. T...Ebola virus （EBOV） and Marburg virus （MARV） are causative agents of severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in humans and non-human primates and there is currently no licensed vaccine or therapeutics. To date, there is no specific laboratory diagnostic test in China, while there is a national need to provide differential diagnosis during outbreaks and for instituting acceptable quarantine procedures. In this study, the TaqMan RT-PCR assays targeting the nucleoprotein genes of the Zaire Ebolavirus （ZEBOV） and MARV were developed and their sensitivities and specificities were investigated. Our results indicated that the assays were able to make reliable diagnosis over a wide range of virus copies from 103 to 109, corresponding to the threshold of a standard RNA transcript. The results showed that there were about 101 RNA copies per milliliter of virus culture supernatant, equivalent to 10,000 RNA molecules per infectious virion, suggesting the presence of many non-infectious particles. These data indicated that the TaqMan RT-PCR assays developed in this study will be suitable展开更多
Sequences analysis revealed Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) s10 was 909 nucleotides coding a 34 kDa protein denoted as VP7, which was determined to be a viral outer capsid protein (OCP). To obtain expressed OCP in vitro, a...Sequences analysis revealed Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) s10 was 909 nucleotides coding a 34 kDa protein denoted as VP7, which was determined to be a viral outer capsid protein (OCP). To obtain expressed OCP in vitro, a full length VP7 gene was produced by RT-PCR amplification, and the amplified fragment was cloned into T7 promoted prokaryotic expression vector pRSET. The recombinant plasmid,which was named as pR/GCRV-VP7,was then transformed into E.coli BL21 host cells. The data indicated that the expressed recombinant was in frame with the N-terminal fusion peptide. The over-expressed fusion protein was produced by inducing with IPTG, and its molecular weight was about 37kDa, which was consistent with its predicted size. In addition, the fusion protein was produced in the form of the inclusion body with their yield remaining steady at more than 60% of total bacterial protein. Moreover,the expressed protein was able to bind immunologically to anti-his-tag monoclonal antibody (mouse) and anti-GCRV serum (rabbit). This work provides a research basis for further structure and function studies of GCRV during entry into cells.展开更多
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is causally related to Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and a proportion of cases of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). The ORF73 p...Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is causally related to Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and a proportion of cases of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). The ORF73 protein was cloned into pQE80L-orf73 and expressed in E.coli and purified. The expressed recombinant ORF73 was identified by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A protein of about 27 kDa was expressed as expected. Western Blotting showed that the purified recombinant ORF73 reacted with KSHV positive serum. The immunogenicity of the recombinant ORF73 was further analysed by ELISA and the optimal conditions were determined. The ORF73 ELISA was used to compare the KSHV seroprevalence between Hubei and Xinjiang Han people. The Han people in Xinjiang have significantly higher KSHV seroprevalence than their counterparts in Hubei (6.7% vs 2.9%, P = 0.005).展开更多
Recently,the team led by Dr.Zhengli Shi from Wuhan Institute of Virology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and Dr.Peter Daszak from Ecohealth Alliance identified SL-CoVs in Chinese horseshoe bats that were 95%identical to h...Recently,the team led by Dr.Zhengli Shi from Wuhan Institute of Virology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and Dr.Peter Daszak from Ecohealth Alliance identified SL-CoVs in Chinese horseshoe bats that were 95%identical to human SARS-CoV and were able to use human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 （ACE2） receptor for docking and entry.Remarkably,they isolated the first known live bat SL-CoV that replicates in human展开更多
Both essential oils of fresh and air-dried Asarum caulescene （Maxim.） were analyzed by GC-MS in three different polarities. The resuits show that thirty-four components were identified in the oils, and main compound...Both essential oils of fresh and air-dried Asarum caulescene （Maxim.） were analyzed by GC-MS in three different polarities. The resuits show that thirty-four components were identified in the oils, and main compounds of both oils were β-pinene （7. 63% vs. 20. 77%）, 2 carene （8.94% vs. 7.99%）, β-phellandrene （7.80% vs. 14.39%）, 1,8-cineole （8. 91% vs. 13. 29%） and germacrone （46. 64% vs. 6.64%）, however, the content of monoterpene hydrocarhons（30.29% vs. 52. 30%） and oxygenated sesquiterpenes（47.69% vs. 10.65%） of both oils was different. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against 3 fungi and 11 hacteria including 7 clinical isolated strains. Our results showed that both oils presented a broad antimicrobial spectrum, and compared with the essential oil from fresh herb, the extracted oil from dried herb had hetter antimicrohial activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration（cmi） values of dried herh were 0. 16-2. 5 g/L and lowest minimum bactericidal concentration（cmb ） value was 0.31 g/L.展开更多
Summary： Viral infections are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly people and young children throughout the world. The most common pathogens include coxsackie virus （CV） and respira- tory syncytia...Summary： Viral infections are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly people and young children throughout the world. The most common pathogens include coxsackie virus （CV） and respira- tory syncytial virus （RSV）. However, no antiviral agents with low toxicity and drug resistance are cur- rently available in clinic therapy. The present study aimed to examine the antiviral activities of emodin （an ingredient of Rheum palmatum） against CVB5 and RSV infections, in an attempt to discover new antiviral agents for virus infection. The monomer emodin was extracted and isolated from Rheum pal- matum. The antiviral activities of emodin on HEp-2 cells were evaluated, including virus replication in- hibition, virucidal and anti-absorption effects, by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tet- razolium bromide （MTT） assay and plaque reduction assay （PRA）. The kinetics of virus inhibition by emodin in a period of 14 h was further determined by plaque assay and quantitative real time PCR （qPCR）. Cytokine （IFN-γ, TNF-α） mRNA expressions after emodin treatment （7.5, 15, 30 μmol/L） were also assessed by qPCR post-infection. The results showed that emodin had potent inhibitory activities against CVB5 and RSV, with the 50% effective concentration （EC50） ranging from 13.06 to 14.27 μmol/L and selectivity index （SI） being 5.38-6.41 μmol/L. However, emodin couldn＇t directly inacti- vate the viruses or block their absorption to cells. It acted as a biological synthesis inhibitor against CVB4 and RSV in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, especially during the first 0-4 h post-infection. Moreover, emodin could decrease the mRNA expression of IFN-α but enhance TNF-γ expression significantly compared to the viral controls in vitro. Our results provide a molecular basis for development of emodin as a novel and safe antiviral agent for human enterovirus and respiratory virus infection in the clinical therapy.展开更多
In recent years,the in silico epitopes prediction tools have facilitated the progress of vaccines development significantly and many have been applied to predict epitopes in viruses successfully. Herein,a general over...In recent years,the in silico epitopes prediction tools have facilitated the progress of vaccines development significantly and many have been applied to predict epitopes in viruses successfully. Herein,a general overview of different tools currently available,including T cell and B cell epitopes prediction tools,is presented. And the principles of different prediction algorithms are reviewed briefly. Finally,several examples are present to illustrate the application of the prediction tools.展开更多
The Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV)is a geographically widespread fatal pathogen. Identification of the epitope regions of the virus is important for the diagnosis and epidemiological studies of CCHFV inf...The Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV)is a geographically widespread fatal pathogen. Identification of the epitope regions of the virus is important for the diagnosis and epidemiological studies of CCHFV infections.In this study,expression vectors carrying series truncated fragments of the NP(nucleocapsid protein)gene from the S fragment of CCHFV strain YL04057 were constructed.The recombinant proteins were expressed in E.coli and purified for detection.The antigenic of the truncated fragments of NP was detected with a polyclonal serum(rabbit)and 2 monoclonal(mAbs)(14B7 and 43E5)against CCHFV by Western-blot analyses. The results showed that the three expressed constructs,which all contained the region 235AA to 305AA could be detected by mAbs polyclonal serum.The results suggest that region 235-305 aa of NP is a highly antigenic region and is highly conserved in the NP protein.展开更多
To purify the protein encoding the small capsid protein （SCP） of KSHV and analyze its immunogenicity, the carboxyl terminus of orf65 of Kaposi＇s sarcoma associated-herpesvirus （KSHV） was expressed in a prokaryoti...To purify the protein encoding the small capsid protein （SCP） of KSHV and analyze its immunogenicity, the carboxyl terminus of orf65 of Kaposi＇s sarcoma associated-herpesvirus （KSHV） was expressed in a prokaryotic expression system. The expression of recombinant E.coli containing pQE-80L-orf65 was induced by isopropyl-13-D-thiogalactopyranoside （IPTG） and the fusion protein was purified by chromatography. The expressed protein and its purified product were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） and showed that 9 kDa was the expected size of the purified orf65 protein. The antiserum was produced in rabbit which was immunized by purified orf65 protein. An ELISA assay was established to analyze the immunogenicity of the purified orf65 protein. The ELISA analysis demonstrated that orf65 protein has strong immune activity, and the immune activity of polyclonal antibody against orf65 was more than 4 fold higher than that in the serum of the non-immunized rabbit. These results demonstrate that purified orf65 protein has very strong immunogenicity and can be used in screening KSHV infection in the general population using ELISA.展开更多
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV),Taura syndrome virus (TSV) and Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) are three shrimp viruses responsible for major pandemics affecting the shrimp farming ind...White spot syndrome virus (WSSV),Taura syndrome virus (TSV) and Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) are three shrimp viruses responsible for major pandemics affecting the shrimp farming industry. Shrimps samples were collected from 12 farms in Zhejiang province,China,in 2008 and analyzed by PCR to determine the prevalence of these viruses. From the 12 sampling locations,8 farms were positive for WSSV,8 for IHHNV and 6 for both WSSV and IHHNV. An average percentage of 57.4% of shrimp individuals were infected with WSSV,while 49.2% were infected with IHHNV. A high prevalence of co-infection with WSSV and IHHNV among samples was detected from the following samples:Bingjiang (93.3%),liuao (66.7%),Jianshan (46.7%) and Xianxiang (46.7%). No samples exhibited evidence of infection with TSV in collected samples. This study provides comprehensive information of the prevalence of three shrimp viruses in Zhejiang and may be helpful for disease prevention control in this region.展开更多
基金University of Science and Technology of China Quality Project History of Medicine(2023YCZX02)Digital Museum Construction Project of Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention(BB2110240080)The National Key R&D project granted by the Ministry of Science and Technology(2018YFA0902400).
文摘The mass communication model and interactive ritual chain theory,which serve as communication paradigms in the new media era,facilitate and enhance the synergy between the fields of social history of medicine and health communication.This study employs a comprehensive framework based on the five elements of the mass communication model:information source,communication subject,communication object,message content,and post-communication feedback.Additionally,it incorporates the interactive ritual chain theory to examine the evolving dynamics and developmental trajectory of research in the social history of medicine during the new media era.Conclusively,this paper acknowledges the existing interaction gaps in the interaction between health communication and the social history of medicine research while outlining the challenges for fostering collaboration and proposing strategic optimizations for effective integration.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of Synthetic Biology(2018YFA0902400)Construction of a High-quality Data Pool and Data Product Service System of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019WQZX012)University of Science and Technology of China Quality Project History of Medicine(2023YCZX02).
文摘Paleogenomics is a discipline in which the extraction and analysis of DNA from ancient biological remains are studied to understand the evolutionary history of past organisms.Research on this topic has revealed the evolutionary history of humans and other species,traced human migrations and genetic changes,and investigated ancient diseases and environmental influences due to its uniqueness.This paper reviews the scientific and technological history of the development of paleogenomics,including the molecular cloning era,the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technique era,the genomics era,and the bio-data analysis era.This field explores the key technological development processes and effects of significant scientific discoveries,ranging from gene cloning technology and sequencing technology to breakthroughs and applications in big data analysis,addressing challenges such as sample contamination and trace collection analysis in paleogenomics research.
文摘Ebola virus(EBOV) and Marburg virus(MARV),belonging to the Filoviridae family,emerged four decades ago and caused severe viral hemorrhagic fever in human and other primates.As high as 50-90% mortality,filoviruses can cause significant threats to public health.However,so far no specific and efficient vaccine has been available,nor have other treatment methods proved to be effective.It is of great importance to detect these pathogens specific,rapidly and sensitively in order to control future filovirus outbreaks.Here,recent progresses in the development of detection and diagnosis methods for EBOV and MARV are summarized.
基金the Translational Medicine and Interdisciplinary Research Joint Fund of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,No.ZNLH201902.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a malignancy with a high incidence and fatality rate worldwide.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is one of the most important risk factors for its occurrence and development.Early detection of HBV-associated HCC(HBV-HCC)can improve clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.Biomarkers are extremely helpful,not only for early diagnosis,but also for the development of therapeutics.MicroRNAs(miRNAs),a subset of non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length,have increasingly attracted scientists’attention due to their potential utility as biomarkers for cancer detection and therapy.HBV profoundly impacts the expression of miRNAs potentially involved in the development of hepatocarcinogenesis.In this review,we summarize the current progress on the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of HBV-HCC.From a molecular standpoint,we discuss the mechanism by which HBV regulates miRNAs and investigate the exact effect of miRNAs on the promotion of HCC.In the near future,miRNA-based diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic applications will make their way into the clinical routine.
基金supports from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3605001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62121005,62004196,61725403,31922004,and 61827813)+2 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2023223)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20200182)Innovation Team Project from the Hubei Province(2020CFA015).
文摘Efficient and eco-friendly disinfection of air-borne human respiratory RNA viruses is pursued in both public environment and portable usage.The AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet(DUV)light-emission diode(LED)has high practical potentials because of its advantages of variable wavelength,rapid sterilization,environmental protection,and miniaturization.Therefore,whether the emission wavelength has effects on the disinfection as well as whether the device is feasible to sterilize various respiratory RNA viruses under portable conditions is crucial.Here,we fabricate AlGaN-based DUV LEDs with different wavelength on high-temperature-annealed(HTA)AlN/Sapphire templates and investigate the inactivation effects for several respiratory RNA viruses.The AlN/AlGaN superlattices are employed between the template and upper n-AlGaN to release the strong compressive stress(SCS),improving the crystal quality and interface roughness.DUV LEDs with the wavelength of 256,265,and 278 nm,corresponding to the light output power of 6.8,9.6,and 12.5 mW,are realized,among which the 256 nm-LED shows the most potent inactivation effect in human respiratory RNA viruses,including SARS-CoV-2,influenza A virus(IAV),and human parainfluenza virus(HPIV),at a similar light power density(LPD)of~0.8 mW/cm2 for 10 s.These results will contribute to the advanced DUV LED application of disinfecting viruses with high potency and broad spectrum in a portable and eco-friendly use.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China 82273202(Z.J.S.)82072996(Z.J.S.)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program 2022YFC2504200(Z.J.S.)Interdisciplinary innovative foundation of Wuhan University XNJC202303the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042022dx0003,2042024kf0021).
文摘N^(1)-methyladenosine(m^(1)A)RNA methylation is critical for regulating mRNA translation;however,its role in the development,progression,and immunotherapy response of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)remains largely unknown.Using Tgfbr1 and Pten conditional knockout(2cKO)mice,we found the neoplastic transformation of oral mucosa was accompanied by increased m^(1)A modification levels.Analysis of m^(1)A-associated genes identified TRMT61A as a key m^(1)A writer linked to cancer progression and poor prognosis.Mechanistically,TRMT61A-mediated tRNA-m^(1)A modification promotes MYC protein synthesis,upregulating programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression.Moreover,m^(1)A modification levels were also elevated in tumors treated with oncolytic herpes simplex virus(oHSV),contributing to reactive PD-L1 upregulation.Therapeutic m^(1)A inhibition sustained oHSV-induced antitumor immunity and reduced tumor growth,representing a promising strategy to alleviate resistance.These findings indicate that m^(1)A inhibition can prevent immune escape after oHSV therapy by reducing PD-L1 expression,providing a mutually reinforcing combination immunotherapy approach.
基金Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （863 Program） （2006AA02A306）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 39900082） and the PhD Program Foundation of Ministry of Education of China （No. 204090188）. We thank Dr Courtney M Heney （Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University） for critically reading the manuscript.
文摘This study examined the signaling events induced by shikonin that lead to the induction of apoptosis in Bcr/ Abl-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia （CML） cells （e.g., K562, LAMA84）. Treatment of K562 cells with shikonin （e.g., 0.5 pM） resulted in profound induction of apoptosis accompanied by rapid generation of reactive oxygen species （ROS）, striking activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase （JNK） and p38, marked release of the mitochondrial proteins cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO, activation of caspase-9 and -3, and cleavage of PARP. Scavenging of ROS completely blocked all of the above-mentioned events （i.e., JNK and p38 phosphorylation, cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO release, caspase and PARP cleavage, as well as the induction of apoptosis） following shikonin treatment. Inhibition of JNK and knock-down of JNK1 significantly attenuated cytochrome c release, caspase cleavage and apoptosis, but did not affect shikonin-mediated ROS production. Additionally, inhibition of caspase activation completely blocked shikonin-induced apoptosis, but did not appreciably modify shikonin-mediated cytochrome c release or ROS generation. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that shikonin-induced oxidative injury operates at a proximal point in apoptotic signaling cascades, and subsequently activates the stress-related JNK pathway, triggers mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation, and leads to apoptosis. Our data also suggest that shikonin may be a promising agent for the treatment of CML, as a generator of ROS.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (30979144 and 81271821)
文摘Since the first human case of H5N1 avian influenza virus infection was reported in 1997, this highly pathogenic virus has infected hundreds of people around the world and resulted in many deaths. The ability of H5N1 to cross species boundaries, and the presence of polymorphisms that enhance virulence, present challenges to developing clear strategies to prevent the pandemic spread of this highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. This review summarizes the current understanding of, and recent research on, the avian influenza H5N1 virus, including transmission, virulence, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, treatment and prevention.
文摘East Lake(Lake Donghu),located in Wuhan,China,is a typical city freshwater lake that has been experiencing eutrophic conditions and algal blooming during recent years.Marine and fresh water are considered to contain a large number of viruses.However,little is known about their genetic diversity because of the limited techniques for culturing viruses.In this study,we conducted a viral metagenomic analysis using a high-throughput sequencing technique with samples collected from East Lake in Spring,Summer,Autumn,and Winter.The libraries from four samples each generated 234,669,71,837,12,820,and 34,236 contigs(>90 bp each),respectively.The genetic structure of the viral community revealed a high genetic diversity covering 23 viral families,with the majority of contigs homologous to DNA viruses,including members of Myoviridae,Podoviridae,Siphoviridae,Phycodnaviridae,and Microviridae,which infect bacteria or algae,and members of Circoviridae,which infect invertebrates and vertebrates.The highest viral genetic diversity occurred in samples collected in August,then December and June,and the least diversity in March.Most contigs have low-sequence identities with known viruses.PCR detection targeting the conserved sequences of genes(g20,psbA,psbD,and DNApol)of cyanophages further confirmed that there are novel cyanophages in the East Lake.Our viral metagenomic data provide the first preliminary understanding of the virome in one freshwater lake in China and would be helpful for novel virus discovery and the control of algal blooming in the future.
基金supported by the State Key Program for Basic Research Grants (2006CB101801)
文摘Recent studies showed that white spot syndrome virus(WSSV) isolates from different geographic locations share a high genetic similarity except the variable regions in ORF23/24 and ORF14/15,and variable number of tandem repeats(VNTR) within ORF94.In this study,genotyping was performed according to these three variable regions among WSSV isolates collected during 1998/1999 from Southern China.These WSSV isolates contain a deletion of 1168,5657,5898,9316 and 11093 bp,respectively in the variable region ORF23/24 compared with WSSV-TW,and a deletion of 4749 or 5622 bp in the variable region ORF14/15 relative to TH-96-II.Four types of repeat units(RUs)(6,8,9 and 13 RUs) in ORF94 were detected in these isolates,with the shortest 6 RUs as the most prevalent type.Our results provide important information for a better understanding of the spatio-temporal transmission mode and the WSSV genetic evolution lineage.
基金Supported by Important National Science&Technology Specific Projects(2009ZX10004-504,2009ZX09301-014)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81072675)
文摘Ebola virus （EBOV） and Marburg virus （MARV） are causative agents of severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in humans and non-human primates and there is currently no licensed vaccine or therapeutics. To date, there is no specific laboratory diagnostic test in China, while there is a national need to provide differential diagnosis during outbreaks and for instituting acceptable quarantine procedures. In this study, the TaqMan RT-PCR assays targeting the nucleoprotein genes of the Zaire Ebolavirus （ZEBOV） and MARV were developed and their sensitivities and specificities were investigated. Our results indicated that the assays were able to make reliable diagnosis over a wide range of virus copies from 103 to 109, corresponding to the threshold of a standard RNA transcript. The results showed that there were about 101 RNA copies per milliliter of virus culture supernatant, equivalent to 10,000 RNA molecules per infectious virion, suggesting the presence of many non-infectious particles. These data indicated that the TaqMan RT-PCR assays developed in this study will be suitable
基金National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (Grant Nos 30470074, 30671615)Innovation Projectof the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2- YW-N- 021)Science and technology foundation of Zhejiang Province(2007C22052)
文摘Sequences analysis revealed Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) s10 was 909 nucleotides coding a 34 kDa protein denoted as VP7, which was determined to be a viral outer capsid protein (OCP). To obtain expressed OCP in vitro, a full length VP7 gene was produced by RT-PCR amplification, and the amplified fragment was cloned into T7 promoted prokaryotic expression vector pRSET. The recombinant plasmid,which was named as pR/GCRV-VP7,was then transformed into E.coli BL21 host cells. The data indicated that the expressed recombinant was in frame with the N-terminal fusion peptide. The over-expressed fusion protein was produced by inducing with IPTG, and its molecular weight was about 37kDa, which was consistent with its predicted size. In addition, the fusion protein was produced in the form of the inclusion body with their yield remaining steady at more than 60% of total bacterial protein. Moreover,the expressed protein was able to bind immunologically to anti-his-tag monoclonal antibody (mouse) and anti-GCRV serum (rabbit). This work provides a research basis for further structure and function studies of GCRV during entry into cells.
基金Supported by the Research grants from Mega Scientific Project for HIV in China (2008ZX-10001-002)National Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2008CDA013)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry, and National Institutes of Health (DE017333)Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Virology of China (2010012)
文摘Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is causally related to Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and a proportion of cases of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). The ORF73 protein was cloned into pQE80L-orf73 and expressed in E.coli and purified. The expressed recombinant ORF73 was identified by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A protein of about 27 kDa was expressed as expected. Western Blotting showed that the purified recombinant ORF73 reacted with KSHV positive serum. The immunogenicity of the recombinant ORF73 was further analysed by ELISA and the optimal conditions were determined. The ORF73 ELISA was used to compare the KSHV seroprevalence between Hubei and Xinjiang Han people. The Han people in Xinjiang have significantly higher KSHV seroprevalence than their counterparts in Hubei (6.7% vs 2.9%, P = 0.005).
文摘Recently,the team led by Dr.Zhengli Shi from Wuhan Institute of Virology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and Dr.Peter Daszak from Ecohealth Alliance identified SL-CoVs in Chinese horseshoe bats that were 95%identical to human SARS-CoV and were able to use human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 （ACE2） receptor for docking and entry.Remarkably,they isolated the first known live bat SL-CoV that replicates in human
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30370366) the Research Foundationfor the Doctoral Programof Higher Edu-cation
文摘Both essential oils of fresh and air-dried Asarum caulescene （Maxim.） were analyzed by GC-MS in three different polarities. The resuits show that thirty-four components were identified in the oils, and main compounds of both oils were β-pinene （7. 63% vs. 20. 77%）, 2 carene （8.94% vs. 7.99%）, β-phellandrene （7.80% vs. 14.39%）, 1,8-cineole （8. 91% vs. 13. 29%） and germacrone （46. 64% vs. 6.64%）, however, the content of monoterpene hydrocarhons（30.29% vs. 52. 30%） and oxygenated sesquiterpenes（47.69% vs. 10.65%） of both oils was different. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against 3 fungi and 11 hacteria including 7 clinical isolated strains. Our results showed that both oils presented a broad antimicrobial spectrum, and compared with the essential oil from fresh herb, the extracted oil from dried herb had hetter antimicrohial activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration（cmi） values of dried herh were 0. 16-2. 5 g/L and lowest minimum bactericidal concentration（cmb ） value was 0.31 g/L.
基金supported by grants from the National Mega Project on Major Drug Development(No.2009ZX09301-014-1)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81371865)
文摘Summary： Viral infections are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly people and young children throughout the world. The most common pathogens include coxsackie virus （CV） and respira- tory syncytial virus （RSV）. However, no antiviral agents with low toxicity and drug resistance are cur- rently available in clinic therapy. The present study aimed to examine the antiviral activities of emodin （an ingredient of Rheum palmatum） against CVB5 and RSV infections, in an attempt to discover new antiviral agents for virus infection. The monomer emodin was extracted and isolated from Rheum pal- matum. The antiviral activities of emodin on HEp-2 cells were evaluated, including virus replication in- hibition, virucidal and anti-absorption effects, by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tet- razolium bromide （MTT） assay and plaque reduction assay （PRA）. The kinetics of virus inhibition by emodin in a period of 14 h was further determined by plaque assay and quantitative real time PCR （qPCR）. Cytokine （IFN-γ, TNF-α） mRNA expressions after emodin treatment （7.5, 15, 30 μmol/L） were also assessed by qPCR post-infection. The results showed that emodin had potent inhibitory activities against CVB5 and RSV, with the 50% effective concentration （EC50） ranging from 13.06 to 14.27 μmol/L and selectivity index （SI） being 5.38-6.41 μmol/L. However, emodin couldn＇t directly inacti- vate the viruses or block their absorption to cells. It acted as a biological synthesis inhibitor against CVB4 and RSV in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, especially during the first 0-4 h post-infection. Moreover, emodin could decrease the mRNA expression of IFN-α but enhance TNF-γ expression significantly compared to the viral controls in vitro. Our results provide a molecular basis for development of emodin as a novel and safe antiviral agent for human enterovirus and respiratory virus infection in the clinical therapy.
基金The National Natural Science Foundations of China (30870131)the National Key Projects in the Infectious Fields (2008ZX10002-011, 2008ZX10004-004)
文摘In recent years,the in silico epitopes prediction tools have facilitated the progress of vaccines development significantly and many have been applied to predict epitopes in viruses successfully. Herein,a general overview of different tools currently available,including T cell and B cell epitopes prediction tools,is presented. And the principles of different prediction algorithms are reviewed briefly. Finally,several examples are present to illustrate the application of the prediction tools.
基金National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 10th Five-Year Plan Period(2003BA712A08-03)The Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-YW-N-065)+1 种基金The Foundation scientific and technological project from MOST(2007FY210700)The NSFC Grant(30860255)
文摘The Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV)is a geographically widespread fatal pathogen. Identification of the epitope regions of the virus is important for the diagnosis and epidemiological studies of CCHFV infections.In this study,expression vectors carrying series truncated fragments of the NP(nucleocapsid protein)gene from the S fragment of CCHFV strain YL04057 were constructed.The recombinant proteins were expressed in E.coli and purified for detection.The antigenic of the truncated fragments of NP was detected with a polyclonal serum(rabbit)and 2 monoclonal(mAbs)(14B7 and 43E5)against CCHFV by Western-blot analyses. The results showed that the three expressed constructs,which all contained the region 235AA to 305AA could be detected by mAbs polyclonal serum.The results suggest that region 235-305 aa of NP is a highly antigenic region and is highly conserved in the NP protein.
基金Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(0702121Y-J1)
文摘To purify the protein encoding the small capsid protein （SCP） of KSHV and analyze its immunogenicity, the carboxyl terminus of orf65 of Kaposi＇s sarcoma associated-herpesvirus （KSHV） was expressed in a prokaryotic expression system. The expression of recombinant E.coli containing pQE-80L-orf65 was induced by isopropyl-13-D-thiogalactopyranoside （IPTG） and the fusion protein was purified by chromatography. The expressed protein and its purified product were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） and showed that 9 kDa was the expected size of the purified orf65 protein. The antiserum was produced in rabbit which was immunized by purified orf65 protein. An ELISA assay was established to analyze the immunogenicity of the purified orf65 protein. The ELISA analysis demonstrated that orf65 protein has strong immune activity, and the immune activity of polyclonal antibody against orf65 was more than 4 fold higher than that in the serum of the non-immunized rabbit. These results demonstrate that purified orf65 protein has very strong immunogenicity and can be used in screening KSHV infection in the general population using ELISA.
基金State Key Program for Basic Research Grants (2006CB101801)
文摘White spot syndrome virus (WSSV),Taura syndrome virus (TSV) and Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) are three shrimp viruses responsible for major pandemics affecting the shrimp farming industry. Shrimps samples were collected from 12 farms in Zhejiang province,China,in 2008 and analyzed by PCR to determine the prevalence of these viruses. From the 12 sampling locations,8 farms were positive for WSSV,8 for IHHNV and 6 for both WSSV and IHHNV. An average percentage of 57.4% of shrimp individuals were infected with WSSV,while 49.2% were infected with IHHNV. A high prevalence of co-infection with WSSV and IHHNV among samples was detected from the following samples:Bingjiang (93.3%),liuao (66.7%),Jianshan (46.7%) and Xianxiang (46.7%). No samples exhibited evidence of infection with TSV in collected samples. This study provides comprehensive information of the prevalence of three shrimp viruses in Zhejiang and may be helpful for disease prevention control in this region.
