Periodontitis is a critical risk factor for the occurrence and development of diabetes.Porphyromonas gingivalis may participate in insulin resistance(IR)caused by periodontal inflammation,but the functional role and s...Periodontitis is a critical risk factor for the occurrence and development of diabetes.Porphyromonas gingivalis may participate in insulin resistance(IR)caused by periodontal inflammation,but the functional role and specific mechanisms of P.gingivalis in IR remain unclear.In the present study,clinical samples were analysed to determine the statistical correlation between P.gingivalis and IR occurrence.Through culturing of hepatocytes,myocytes,and adipocytes,and feeding mice P.gingivalis orally,the functional correlation between P.gingivalis and IR occurrence was further studied both in vitro and in vivo.Clinical data suggested that the amount of P.gingivalis isolated was correlated with the Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR score.In vitro studies suggested that coculture with P.gingivalis decreased glucose uptake and insulin receptor(INSR)protein expression in hepatocytes,myocytes,and adipocytes.Mice fed P.gingivalis tended to undergo IR.P.gingivalis was detectable in the liver,skeletal muscle,and adipose tissue of experimental mice.The distribution sites of gingipain coincided with the downregulation of INSR.Gingipain proteolysed the functional insulin-binding region of INSR.Coculture with P.gingivalis significantly decreased the INSR–insulin binding ability.Knocking out gingipain from P.gingivalis alleviated the negative effects of P.gingivalis on IR in vivo.Taken together,these findings indicate that distantly migrated P.gingivalis may directly proteolytically degrade INSR through gingipain,thereby leading to IR.The results provide a new strategy for preventing diabetes by targeting periodontal pathogens and provide new ideas for exploring novel mechanisms by which periodontal inflammation affects the systemic metabolic state.展开更多
Endo-periodontal lesions (EPLs) involve both the periodontium and pulp tissue and have complicated etiologies and pathogenic mechanisms,including unique anatomical and microbiological characteristics and multiple cont...Endo-periodontal lesions (EPLs) involve both the periodontium and pulp tissue and have complicated etiologies and pathogenic mechanisms,including unique anatomical and microbiological characteristics and multiple contributing factors.This etiological complexity leads to difficulties in determining patient prognosis,posing great challenges in clinical practice.Furthermore,EPL-affected teeth require multidisciplinary therapy,including periodontal therapy,endodontic therapy and others,but there is still much debate about the appropriate timing of periodontal therapy and root canal therapy.By compiling the most recent findings on the etiology,pathogenesis,clinical characteristics,diagnosis,therapy,and prognosis of EPL-affected teeth,this consensus sought to support clinicians in making the best possible treatment decisions based on both biological and clinical evidence.展开更多
Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by an imbalance between the local microbiota and host immune response.Epidemiologically,periodontitis is closely related to the occurrence,development,and poor prognosis o...Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by an imbalance between the local microbiota and host immune response.Epidemiologically,periodontitis is closely related to the occurrence,development,and poor prognosis of T2D and is recognized as a potential risk factor for T2D.In recent years,increasing attention has been given to the role of the virulence factors produced by disorders of the subgingival microbiota in the pathological mechanism of T2D。展开更多
Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a malignant tumor triggered by the accumulation of multiple gene mutations in oral epithelial cells.Different OSCC-related biomarkers have been reported in circulation in the perip...Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a malignant tumor triggered by the accumulation of multiple gene mutations in oral epithelial cells.Different OSCC-related biomarkers have been reported in circulation in the peripheral blood that support the occurrence and development of OSCC.Recent advances in high-throughput and highly sensitive detection methods have overcome the limitation of the low concentration of most peripheral blood biomarkers.Hence,blood biomarker detection has become an efficient screening tool for the early diagnosis of OSCC.The growing data available in public cancer and gene databases have provided new foundations for OSCC research.In particular,the identification of OSCC biomarkers using bioinformatic tools has shed new light on the underlying mechanisms as well as on the genetic landscape of OSCC.More recently,mRNA targeting therapies have emerged as valuable anticancer treatment strategies,as they allow for the regulation of the expression of certain functional proteins to reverse genetic abnormalities or induce tissue repair.Thus,mRNA-targeting therapies can be used to regulate the expression of antigens,antibodies,or cellular receptors by immune cells.Particularly,anti-cancer cellular immunotherapy carrying specific mRNAs has attracted significant attention in OSCC treatment.Here,we review the present knowledge on the role of peripheral blood mRNAs in the diagnosis,treatment,development,and prognosis of OSCC.Moreover,we address future research prospects of mRNAs in the peripheral blood in OSCC and the opportunities and challenges that may arise in future clinical therapeutic applications.展开更多
This paper aims to investigate if the dental restoration of nickel-chromium based alloy(Ni-Cr) leads to the enhanced excretions of Ni and Cr in urine.Seven hundred and ninety-five patients in a dental hospital had sin...This paper aims to investigate if the dental restoration of nickel-chromium based alloy(Ni-Cr) leads to the enhanced excretions of Ni and Cr in urine.Seven hundred and ninety-five patients in a dental hospital had single or multiple Ni-Cr alloy restoration recently and 198 controls were recruited to collect information on dental restoration by questionnaire and clinical examination.Urinary concentrations of Ni and Cr from each subject were measure by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.Compared to the control group,the urinary level of Ni was significantly higher in the patient group of < 1 month of the restoration duration,among which higher Ni excretions were found in those with either a higher number of teeth replaced by dental alloys or a higher index of metal crown not covered with the porcelain.Urinary levels of Cr were significantly higher in the three patient groups of <1,1 to <3 and 3 to <6 months,especially in those with a higher metal crown exposure index.Linear curve estimations showed better relationships between urinary Ni and Cr in patients within 6-month groups.Our data suggested significant increased excretions of urinary Ni and Cr after dental restoration.Potential short- and long-term effects of Ni-Cr alloy restoration need to be investigated.展开更多
Tooth decay is prevalent,and secondary caries causes restoration failures,both of which are related to demineralization.There is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic materials with remineralization functions.This...Tooth decay is prevalent,and secondary caries causes restoration failures,both of which are related to demineralization.There is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic materials with remineralization functions.This article represents the first review on the cutting edge research of poly(amido amine)(PAMAM) in combination with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP).PAMAM was excellent nucleation template,and could absorb calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions via its functional groups to activate remineralization.NACP composite and adhesive showed acid-neutralization and Ca and P ion release capabilities.PAMAM +NACP together showed synergistic effects and produced triple benefits: excellent nucleation templates,superior acidneutralization,and ions release.Therefore,the PAMAM+NACP strategy possessed much greater remineralization capacity than using PAMAM or NACP alone.PAMAM+NACP achieved dentin remineralization even in an acidic solution without any initial Ca and P ions.Besides,the long-term remineralization capability of PAMAM+NACP was established.After prolonged fluid challenge,the immersed PAMAM with the recharged NACP still induced effective dentin mineral regeneration.Furthermore,the hardness of predemineralized dentin was increased back to that of healthy dentin,indicating a complete remineralization.Therefore,the novel PAMAM+NACP approach is promising to provide long-term therapeutic effects including tooth remineralization,hardness increase,and caries-inhibition capabilities.展开更多
Background:MicroRNA(miRNA) polymorphisms may alter miRNA-related processes,and they likely contribute to cancer susceptibility.Various studies have investigated the associations between genetic variants in several key...Background:MicroRNA(miRNA) polymorphisms may alter miRNA-related processes,and they likely contribute to cancer susceptibility.Various studies have investigated the associations between genetic variants in several key miRNAs and the risk of human cancers;however,few studies have focused on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) risk.This study aimed to evaluate the associations between several key miRNA polymorphisms and HNSCC risk in a Chinese population.Methods:In this study,we genotyped five common single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in several key miRNAs(miR-149 rs2292832,miR-146 a rs2910164,miR-605 rs2043556,miR-608 rs4919510,and miR-196a2 rs11614913) and evaluated the associations between these SNPs and HNSCC risk according to cancer site with a case-control study including 576 cases and 1552 controls,which were matched by age and sex in a Chinese population.Results:The results revealed that miR-605 rs2043556[dominant model:adjusted odds ratio(OR) 0.71,95%confidence interval(CI) 0.58-0.88;additive model:adjusted OR 0.74,95%CI 0.62-0.89]and miR-196a2 rs11614913(dominant model:adjusted OR 1.36,95%C11.08-1.72;additive model:adjusted OR 1.28,95%C11.10-1.48) were significantly associated with the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Furthermore,when these two loci were evaluated together based on the number of putative risk alleles(rs2043556 A and rs11614913 G),a significant locus-dosage effect was noted on the risk of OSCC(P_(trend) < 0.001).However,no significant association was detected between the other three SNPs(miR-149 rs2292832,miR- 146 a rs2910164,and miR-608 rs4919510) and HNSCC risk.Conclusion:Our study provided the evidence that miR-605 rs2043556 and miR-196a2 rs11614913 may have an impact on genetic susceptibility to OSCC in Chinese population.展开更多
BACKGROUND Palatal expansion treatment has been used to expand the constricted maxillary arch and has become a routine procedure in orthodontic practice over the past decades.However,the long-term stability of expansi...BACKGROUND Palatal expansion treatment has been used to expand the constricted maxillary arch and has become a routine procedure in orthodontic practice over the past decades.However,the long-term stability of expansion in the permanent dentition without a surgical approach is uncertain.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 15-year-old boy with Class II malocclusion and constricted arches.The patient was treated with rapid palatal expansion(RPE)followed by a fixed orthodontic appliance.A 7-year follow-up evaluation was performed by analyzing cephalometric radiographs,plaster models,and photographs.The patient’s constricted maxillary and mandibular arches were relived after the expansion treatment.A Class I occlusion and normal arch form were established and maintained in the long-term.CONCLUSION RPE treatment is successful in solving constricted dental arch in the permanent dentition without a surgical approach.Permanent retention and even occlusal contact help prevent long-term relapse.展开更多
Objective To observe the long-term impact of calcium phosphate （CaP） sol-gel coating on bone growth around porous-surfaced implant. Methods The porous-surfaced Ti-6Al-4V implants were prepared with the addition of a...Objective To observe the long-term impact of calcium phosphate （CaP） sol-gel coating on bone growth around porous-surfaced implant. Methods The porous-surfaced Ti-6Al-4V implants were prepared with the addition of a thin film of CaP sol-gel coating, and implanted into the tibiae of 8 rabbits, each with two implants. Implanted sites were allowed to heal for 2, 8, 12, and 24 weeks, after which specimens were obtained for scanning electron microscope analysis using the freezefracture technique. Results The sol-gel coated implants recovered by freeze-fracture technique showed extensive bone growth from the endosteum along the implant surface. The bone was in direct contact with the CaP layer. The cement line-like layer was clearly demonslxated to be an intervening electron dense afibrillar layer between the CaP coat and the overlying newly deposited bone. The stability and osseointegration of the porous-surfaced implants seemed not to be affected by the osteoclastic resorption of CaP layer occurred during 24 weeks of healing. Conclusion Based on the findings in the long-term observation, the addition of a thin layer of CaP promotes an extensive osseointegrated interface between the porous-surfaced Ti-6Al-4V implants and the newly deposited bone.展开更多
By using distraction osteogenesis technique, 3 cases of mandibular hypoplasia were treat ed by home made and German made jaw distractors: including one patient suffered from bilateral ankylosis of temporo mandibul...By using distraction osteogenesis technique, 3 cases of mandibular hypoplasia were treat ed by home made and German made jaw distractors: including one patient suffered from bilateral ankylosis of temporo mandibular joint and 2 patients from deficiency of mandible. The duration of distraction osteogenesis was one month. The bone distractor was removed 3 months after operation. Satisfactory results were obtained in all 3 cases. Distraction osteogenesis can successfully be used in mandibular functional reconstruction and has much more advantages than traditional technique.展开更多
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma, known as Gorlin Goltz Syndrome, is a rare hereditary condition, characterized by a wide range of developmental abnormalities and a predisposition to neoplasms. In this report, we discuss a...Nevoid basal cell carcinoma, known as Gorlin Goltz Syndrome, is a rare hereditary condition, characterized by a wide range of developmental abnormalities and a predisposition to neoplasms. In this report, we discuss a case of a patient with Gorlin Goltz Syndrome, who was 16 years old when first admitted for an initial appointment. The patient was diagnosed, treated and followed up for 7 years to present day. This syndrome is associated with a broad spectrum of anomalies and neoplasms as basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts, palmar and/or plantar pits, and ectopic calcifications of the falx cerebri. It affects multiple organ systems, which include skeletal, teeth, jaw, skin, eyes, reproductive organs, and neural system. All the features however, are rarely observed in a single patient. The following paper presents the significance of early diagnosis of Gorlin Goltz Syndrome and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in providing proper treatment for the patient.展开更多
The abnormal expansion of G-rich hexanucleotide repeat,GGGGCC(G4C2),in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72(C9orf72)is known to be the prevailing genetic cause of two fatal degenerative neurological diseases,amyotrophi...The abnormal expansion of G-rich hexanucleotide repeat,GGGGCC(G4C2),in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72(C9orf72)is known to be the prevailing genetic cause of two fatal degenerative neurological diseases,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)and frontotemporal dementia(FTD).It is well known that the DNA G4C2 repeat expansion with different lengths can form G-quadruplexes which affect gene transcription related to ALS/FTD,therefore it is crucial to understand DNA G4C2 G-quadruplex structures.Herein,by utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,we examined DNA G-quadruplex structure adopted by two G4C2 hexanucleotide repeats with an inosine substitution at position 4,d(G4C2)2-I4.We show that d(G4C2)2-I4 folds into an eight-layer parallel tetrameric G-quadruplex containing two parallel dimeric G-quadruplexes stacking together through p-p interaction via 50-to-50 mode in solution.Each dimeric G-quadruplex unit involves two propeller loops composed of two cytosine bases.This result is consistent with the observation in the crystal structure of d(G4C2)2.Our work not only sheds light on the structural diversity of G-quadruplexes adopted by d(G4C2)n but also provides a structural basis for drug design in treatment of ALS and FTD.展开更多
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common congenital craniofacial disorders, of which the etiology is closely related to rare coding variants. Filamin B (FLNB) is an actin-binding protein implicated in bone formatio...Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common congenital craniofacial disorders, of which the etiology is closely related to rare coding variants. Filamin B (FLNB) is an actin-binding protein implicated in bone formation. FLNB mutations have been identified in several types of syndromic OFCs and previous studies suggest a role of FLNB in the onset of non-syndromic OFCs (NSOFCs). Here, we report two rare heterozygous variants (p.P441T and p.G565R) in FLNB in two unrelated hereditary families with NSOFCs. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that both variants may disrupt the function of FLNB. In mammalian cells, p.P441T and p.G565R variants are less potent to induce cell stretches than wild type FLNB, suggesting that they are loss-of-function mutations. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrates that FLNB is abundantly expressed during palatal development. Importantly, Flnb^(−/−) embryos display cleft palates and previously defined skeletal defects. Taken together, our findings reveal that FLNB is required for development of palates in mice and FLNB is a bona fide causal gene for NSOFCs in humans.展开更多
Hydrogel bioadhesives represent promising and efficient alternatives to sutures or staples for gastrointestinal(GI)perforation management.However,several concerns remain for the existing bioadhesives including slow an...Hydrogel bioadhesives represent promising and efficient alternatives to sutures or staples for gastrointestinal(GI)perforation management.However,several concerns remain for the existing bioadhesives including slow and/or weak adhesive,poor mechanical strength,low biocompatibility,and poor biodegradability,which largely limit their clinical application in GI perforation repair.In this work,we introduce an in situ injectable Tetra-PEG hydrogel bioadhesive(SS)composed of tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol)amine(Tetra-PEG-NH2)and tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol)succinimidyl succinate(Tetra-PEG-SS)for the sutureless repair of GI defects.The SS hydrogel exhibits rapid gelation behavior and high burst pressure and is capable of providing instant robust adhesion and fluid-tight sealing in the ex vivo porcine intestinal and gastric models.Importantly,the succinyl ester linkers in the SS hydrogel endow the bioadhesive with suitable in vivo degradability to match the new GI tissue formation.The in vivo evaluation in the rat GI injured model further demonstrates the successful sutureless sealing and repair of the intestine and stomach by the SS hydrogel with the advantages of neglectable postsurgical adhesion,suppressed inflammation,and enhanced angiogenesis.Together,our results support potential clinical applications of the SS bioadhesive for the high-efficient repair of GI perforation.展开更多
Objective To use virtual endoscopy to obtain detailed three-dimensional images of bone, soft tissue and paranasal sinus damage as well as images of adjacent unaffected areas for optimum surgical planning. ...Objective To use virtual endoscopy to obtain detailed three-dimensional images of bone, soft tissue and paranasal sinus damage as well as images of adjacent unaffected areas for optimum surgical planning. Methods A spiral CT scanner was used to examine 46 cases of facial bone fractures, maxillary cysts, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and maxillary bone tumours. Data were input into a navigator workstation to create images similar to those displayed by a fiberoptic endoscope. Various 3-D images were obtained when probe sites were changed.Results Virtual endoscopy can clearly display the anatomic structure of the paranasal sinuses, nasopharyngeal cavity and upper respiratory tract, revealing damage to the sinus wall caused by a bone tumor or fracture. In addition, the technique can be used to indicate volume changes of the upper respiratory tract in OSAS patients. These results were similar to those obtained through actual operations. Conclusions Virtual endoscopy is a new method which produces very clear images. It is reliable to provide detailed information for optimal operative planning.展开更多
Background:Data on the incidence,mortality,and other burden of oral cancer as well as their secular trends are necessary to provide policy-makers with the information needed to allocate resources appropriately.The pur...Background:Data on the incidence,mortality,and other burden of oral cancer as well as their secular trends are necessary to provide policy-makers with the information needed to allocate resources appropriately.The purpose of this study was to use the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2017 results to estimate the incidence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for oral cancer from 1990 to 2017.Methods:We collected detailed data on oral cancer from 1990 to 2017 from the GBD 2017.The global incidence,mortality,and DALYs attributable to oral cancer as well as the corresponding age-standardized rates(ASRs)were calculated.The estimated annual percentage changes in the ASRs of incidence(ASRI)and mortality(ASRM)and age-standardized DALYs of oral cancer were also calculated according to regions and countries to quantify the secular trends in these rates.Results:We tracked the incidence,mortality,and DALYs of oral cancer in 195 countries/territories over 28 years.Globally,the incidence,mortality,and DALYs of oral cancer increased by about 1.0-fold from 1990 to 2017.The ASRI of oral cancer showed a similar trend,increasing from 4.41 to 4.84 per 100,000 person-years during the study period.The ASRM remained approximately stable at about 2.4 per 100,000 from 1990 to 2017,as did the age-standardized DALYs,at about 64.0 per 100,000 person-years.ASRI was highest in Pakistan(27.03/100,000,95%CI=22.13-32.75/100,000),followed by Taiwan China,and lowest in Iraq(0.96/100,000,95%CI=0.86-1.06/100,000).ASRM was highest in Pakistan(16.85/100,000,95%CI=13.92-20.17/100,000)and lowest in Kuwait(0.51/100,000,95%CI=0.45-0.58/100,000).Conclusions:The ASRI of oral cancer has increased slightly worldwide,while the ASRM and age-standardized DALY have remained stable.However,these characteristics vary between countries,suggesting that current prevention strategies should be reoriented,and much more targeted and specific strategies should be established in some countries to forestall the increase in oral cancer.展开更多
Background: Several patients experience persistent otorrhea after a flawless surgical procedure because of insufficient epithelial healing. Several efforts, such as autologous tissue allograft and xenograft, have been...Background: Several patients experience persistent otorrhea after a flawless surgical procedure because of insufficient epithelial healing. Several efforts, such as autologous tissue allograft and xenograft, have been made to halt otorrhea. However, a stable technology to induce temporal epithelial repair is yet to be established. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether implantation of seeding adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) aggregates on extracellular matrix (ECM;herein, ADMSC aggregate-ECM) into damaged skin wound promotes skin regeneration. Methods: ADMSC aggregate-ECM was prepared using a previously described procedure that isolated ADMSCs from rabbits and applied to the auricle and auditory meatus wound beds of New Zealand white rabbits. Wound healing was assessed by general observation and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Secretion of growth factor of the tissue was evaluated by western blotting. Two other groups, namely, ECM and control, were used. Comparisons of three groups were conducted by one-way analysis of variance analysis. Results: ADMSCs adhered tightly to the ECM and quickly formed cell sheets. At 2 weeks, general observation and H&E staining indicated that the wound healing rates in the ADMSC aggregate-ECM (69.02±6.36%) and ECM (59.32 + 4.10%) groups were higher than that in the control group (43.74± 12.15%;P=0.005, P<0.001, respectively) in ear auricle excisional wounds. At 7 weeks, The scar elevation index was evidently reduced in the ADMSC aggregate-ECM (2.08±0.87) and ECM (2.31 ±0.33) groups compared with the control group (4.06 ±0.45;P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, the scar elevation index of the ADMSC aggregate-ECM group reached the lowest rate 4 weeks in advance. In auditory meatus excisional wounds, the ADMSC aggregate-ECM group had the largest range of normal skin-like structure at 4 weeks. The ADMSC aggregate-ECM and ECM groups secreted increased amounts of growth factors that contributed to skin regeneration at weeks 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions: ADMSC aggregate-ECM and ECM are effective repair materials for wound healing, especially ADMSC aggregate- ECM. This approach will provide a meaningful experimental basis for mastoid epithelium repair in subsequent clinical trials.展开更多
The physiochemical properties of the implant interface significantly influence cell growth,differentiation,cellular matrix deposition,and mineralisation,and eventually,determine the bone regeneration efficiency.Cells ...The physiochemical properties of the implant interface significantly influence cell growth,differentiation,cellular matrix deposition,and mineralisation,and eventually,determine the bone regeneration efficiency.Cells directly sense and respond to the physical,chemical,and mechanical cues of the implant surface,and it is increasingly recognized that surface topography can evoke specific cellular responses,conferring biological functions on substrate materials and regulating tissue regeneration.Current progress towards the fundamental understanding of the interplay between the cell and topographical surface has been made by combined advance in fabrication technologies and cell biology.Particularly,the precise fabrication and control of nano/microscale topographies can provide the fundamental knowledge of the mechanotransduction process that governs the cellular response as well as the knowledge of how the specific features drive cells towards a defined differentiation outcome.In this review,we first introduce common techniques and substrate materials for designing and fabricating micro/nanotopographical surfaces for bone regeneration.We then illustrate the intrinsic relationship of topological cues,cellular signal transduction,and cell functions and fates in osteogenic differentiation.Finally,we discuss the challenges and the future of using topological cues as a cell therapy to direct bone tissue regeneration.展开更多
Pulp capping is one of the solving for keeping vital pulp in the case of dentin caries,reversible pulpitis or traumatic pulp exposure.The presence of bacteria on the cavity walls or in the pulp was the major factor th...Pulp capping is one of the solving for keeping vital pulp in the case of dentin caries,reversible pulpitis or traumatic pulp exposure.The presence of bacteria on the cavity walls or in the pulp was the major factor that leads to the failure of pulp capping.Traditional pulp capping agent,calcium hydroxide,may not prevent microleakage.Selfetching system is a newly developed adhesive system,which could provide less microleakage and would not break down or dissolve,preventing the oral fluids and bacteria from the pulp along the cavity wall.This may reduce such clinical problems as postoperative sensitivity,secondary caries and marginal discoloration.Researches showed that some kinds of self-etching adhesives induced the mild to moderate inflammatory pulp response,with negative bacterial staining.Inclusion of antibacterial components into self-etching system,such as 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide(MDPB)may inhibit bacteria and provide better clinical effects.It is speculated that using the self-etching adhesive system containing the antibacterial agent,such as MDPB,to the dental pulp directly or indirectly,may inhibit bacteria after the placement of restoration as well as residual bacteria in the cavity.展开更多
基金supported by the Major Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Subproject No.81991503)the Youth Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82201069)+1 种基金the Innovative Talent Promotion Plan of Shaanxi Province-Research Fund for Young Star of Science and Technology(No.2021KJXX-24,No.2022KJXX-100)Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund of Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515012126).
文摘Periodontitis is a critical risk factor for the occurrence and development of diabetes.Porphyromonas gingivalis may participate in insulin resistance(IR)caused by periodontal inflammation,but the functional role and specific mechanisms of P.gingivalis in IR remain unclear.In the present study,clinical samples were analysed to determine the statistical correlation between P.gingivalis and IR occurrence.Through culturing of hepatocytes,myocytes,and adipocytes,and feeding mice P.gingivalis orally,the functional correlation between P.gingivalis and IR occurrence was further studied both in vitro and in vivo.Clinical data suggested that the amount of P.gingivalis isolated was correlated with the Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR score.In vitro studies suggested that coculture with P.gingivalis decreased glucose uptake and insulin receptor(INSR)protein expression in hepatocytes,myocytes,and adipocytes.Mice fed P.gingivalis tended to undergo IR.P.gingivalis was detectable in the liver,skeletal muscle,and adipose tissue of experimental mice.The distribution sites of gingipain coincided with the downregulation of INSR.Gingipain proteolysed the functional insulin-binding region of INSR.Coculture with P.gingivalis significantly decreased the INSR–insulin binding ability.Knocking out gingipain from P.gingivalis alleviated the negative effects of P.gingivalis on IR in vivo.Taken together,these findings indicate that distantly migrated P.gingivalis may directly proteolytically degrade INSR through gingipain,thereby leading to IR.The results provide a new strategy for preventing diabetes by targeting periodontal pathogens and provide new ideas for exploring novel mechanisms by which periodontal inflammation affects the systemic metabolic state.
基金supported by Jiangsu Province Key Research and Development Program(No.BE2022670)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC2506300)+1 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline Cultivation Unit(No.JSDW202246)Nanjing Medical Science and Technology development Fund(ZKX22054).
文摘Endo-periodontal lesions (EPLs) involve both the periodontium and pulp tissue and have complicated etiologies and pathogenic mechanisms,including unique anatomical and microbiological characteristics and multiple contributing factors.This etiological complexity leads to difficulties in determining patient prognosis,posing great challenges in clinical practice.Furthermore,EPL-affected teeth require multidisciplinary therapy,including periodontal therapy,endodontic therapy and others,but there is still much debate about the appropriate timing of periodontal therapy and root canal therapy.By compiling the most recent findings on the etiology,pathogenesis,clinical characteristics,diagnosis,therapy,and prognosis of EPL-affected teeth,this consensus sought to support clinicians in making the best possible treatment decisions based on both biological and clinical evidence.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M691484)。
文摘Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by an imbalance between the local microbiota and host immune response.Epidemiologically,periodontitis is closely related to the occurrence,development,and poor prognosis of T2D and is recognized as a potential risk factor for T2D.In recent years,increasing attention has been given to the role of the virulence factors produced by disorders of the subgingival microbiota in the pathological mechanism of T2D。
基金funded by the Key Project of Basic Research of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(Grant Number JCYJ20200109140208058)the Guangdong Provincial High Level Clinical Key Specialty(Grant Number SZGSP008).
文摘Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a malignant tumor triggered by the accumulation of multiple gene mutations in oral epithelial cells.Different OSCC-related biomarkers have been reported in circulation in the peripheral blood that support the occurrence and development of OSCC.Recent advances in high-throughput and highly sensitive detection methods have overcome the limitation of the low concentration of most peripheral blood biomarkers.Hence,blood biomarker detection has become an efficient screening tool for the early diagnosis of OSCC.The growing data available in public cancer and gene databases have provided new foundations for OSCC research.In particular,the identification of OSCC biomarkers using bioinformatic tools has shed new light on the underlying mechanisms as well as on the genetic landscape of OSCC.More recently,mRNA targeting therapies have emerged as valuable anticancer treatment strategies,as they allow for the regulation of the expression of certain functional proteins to reverse genetic abnormalities or induce tissue repair.Thus,mRNA-targeting therapies can be used to regulate the expression of antigens,antibodies,or cellular receptors by immune cells.Particularly,anti-cancer cellular immunotherapy carrying specific mRNAs has attracted significant attention in OSCC treatment.Here,we review the present knowledge on the role of peripheral blood mRNAs in the diagnosis,treatment,development,and prognosis of OSCC.Moreover,we address future research prospects of mRNAs in the peripheral blood in OSCC and the opportunities and challenges that may arise in future clinical therapeutic applications.
基金supported by Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,Sichun University
文摘This paper aims to investigate if the dental restoration of nickel-chromium based alloy(Ni-Cr) leads to the enhanced excretions of Ni and Cr in urine.Seven hundred and ninety-five patients in a dental hospital had single or multiple Ni-Cr alloy restoration recently and 198 controls were recruited to collect information on dental restoration by questionnaire and clinical examination.Urinary concentrations of Ni and Cr from each subject were measure by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.Compared to the control group,the urinary level of Ni was significantly higher in the patient group of < 1 month of the restoration duration,among which higher Ni excretions were found in those with either a higher number of teeth replaced by dental alloys or a higher index of metal crown not covered with the porcelain.Urinary levels of Cr were significantly higher in the three patient groups of <1,1 to <3 and 3 to <6 months,especially in those with a higher metal crown exposure index.Linear curve estimations showed better relationships between urinary Ni and Cr in patients within 6-month groups.Our data suggested significant increased excretions of urinary Ni and Cr after dental restoration.Potential short- and long-term effects of Ni-Cr alloy restoration need to be investigated.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81670977, J.L. and 81800965, K.L.)Sichuan Science and Technology program (Grant no. 2017SZ0030)+5 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for Central University 2018SCU12016 (K.L.)China Postdoctoral Science Grant 2018M643507 (K.L.)Research Fund of West China Hospital WCHS-201705 (K.L.)Research Fund for Resins of Chinese Stomatological Association CSA-R2018-06 (K.L.)University of Maryland School of Dentistry bridging fund (H.H.K.X.)University of Maryland Baltimore seed grant (H.H.K.X.)
文摘Tooth decay is prevalent,and secondary caries causes restoration failures,both of which are related to demineralization.There is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic materials with remineralization functions.This article represents the first review on the cutting edge research of poly(amido amine)(PAMAM) in combination with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP).PAMAM was excellent nucleation template,and could absorb calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions via its functional groups to activate remineralization.NACP composite and adhesive showed acid-neutralization and Ca and P ion release capabilities.PAMAM +NACP together showed synergistic effects and produced triple benefits: excellent nucleation templates,superior acidneutralization,and ions release.Therefore,the PAMAM+NACP strategy possessed much greater remineralization capacity than using PAMAM or NACP alone.PAMAM+NACP achieved dentin remineralization even in an acidic solution without any initial Ca and P ions.Besides,the long-term remineralization capability of PAMAM+NACP was established.After prolonged fluid challenge,the immersed PAMAM with the recharged NACP still induced effective dentin mineral regeneration.Furthermore,the hardness of predemineralized dentin was increased back to that of healthy dentin,indicating a complete remineralization.Therefore,the novel PAMAM+NACP approach is promising to provide long-term therapeutic effects including tooth remineralization,hardness increase,and caries-inhibition capabilities.
基金supported in part by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81473048 and 81302361)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(Public Health and Preventive Medicine)+2 种基金Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20133234120013)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2013M540457)Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(No.1301018A)
文摘Background:MicroRNA(miRNA) polymorphisms may alter miRNA-related processes,and they likely contribute to cancer susceptibility.Various studies have investigated the associations between genetic variants in several key miRNAs and the risk of human cancers;however,few studies have focused on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) risk.This study aimed to evaluate the associations between several key miRNA polymorphisms and HNSCC risk in a Chinese population.Methods:In this study,we genotyped five common single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in several key miRNAs(miR-149 rs2292832,miR-146 a rs2910164,miR-605 rs2043556,miR-608 rs4919510,and miR-196a2 rs11614913) and evaluated the associations between these SNPs and HNSCC risk according to cancer site with a case-control study including 576 cases and 1552 controls,which were matched by age and sex in a Chinese population.Results:The results revealed that miR-605 rs2043556[dominant model:adjusted odds ratio(OR) 0.71,95%confidence interval(CI) 0.58-0.88;additive model:adjusted OR 0.74,95%CI 0.62-0.89]and miR-196a2 rs11614913(dominant model:adjusted OR 1.36,95%C11.08-1.72;additive model:adjusted OR 1.28,95%C11.10-1.48) were significantly associated with the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Furthermore,when these two loci were evaluated together based on the number of putative risk alleles(rs2043556 A and rs11614913 G),a significant locus-dosage effect was noted on the risk of OSCC(P_(trend) < 0.001).However,no significant association was detected between the other three SNPs(miR-149 rs2292832,miR- 146 a rs2910164,and miR-608 rs4919510) and HNSCC risk.Conclusion:Our study provided the evidence that miR-605 rs2043556 and miR-196a2 rs11614913 may have an impact on genetic susceptibility to OSCC in Chinese population.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.81970909(to Liu DW),No.51903003(to Yu TT)the New Clinical Technology Fund of PKUSS,No.PKUSSNCT-11A07(to Liu DW)Peking University Medicine Seed Fund for Interdisciplinary Research,No.BMU2018MX007(to Liu DW).
文摘BACKGROUND Palatal expansion treatment has been used to expand the constricted maxillary arch and has become a routine procedure in orthodontic practice over the past decades.However,the long-term stability of expansion in the permanent dentition without a surgical approach is uncertain.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 15-year-old boy with Class II malocclusion and constricted arches.The patient was treated with rapid palatal expansion(RPE)followed by a fixed orthodontic appliance.A 7-year follow-up evaluation was performed by analyzing cephalometric radiographs,plaster models,and photographs.The patient’s constricted maxillary and mandibular arches were relived after the expansion treatment.A Class I occlusion and normal arch form were established and maintained in the long-term.CONCLUSION RPE treatment is successful in solving constricted dental arch in the permanent dentition without a surgical approach.Permanent retention and even occlusal contact help prevent long-term relapse.
文摘Objective To observe the long-term impact of calcium phosphate （CaP） sol-gel coating on bone growth around porous-surfaced implant. Methods The porous-surfaced Ti-6Al-4V implants were prepared with the addition of a thin film of CaP sol-gel coating, and implanted into the tibiae of 8 rabbits, each with two implants. Implanted sites were allowed to heal for 2, 8, 12, and 24 weeks, after which specimens were obtained for scanning electron microscope analysis using the freezefracture technique. Results The sol-gel coated implants recovered by freeze-fracture technique showed extensive bone growth from the endosteum along the implant surface. The bone was in direct contact with the CaP layer. The cement line-like layer was clearly demonslxated to be an intervening electron dense afibrillar layer between the CaP coat and the overlying newly deposited bone. The stability and osseointegration of the porous-surfaced implants seemed not to be affected by the osteoclastic resorption of CaP layer occurred during 24 weeks of healing. Conclusion Based on the findings in the long-term observation, the addition of a thin layer of CaP promotes an extensive osseointegrated interface between the porous-surfaced Ti-6Al-4V implants and the newly deposited bone.
文摘By using distraction osteogenesis technique, 3 cases of mandibular hypoplasia were treat ed by home made and German made jaw distractors: including one patient suffered from bilateral ankylosis of temporo mandibular joint and 2 patients from deficiency of mandible. The duration of distraction osteogenesis was one month. The bone distractor was removed 3 months after operation. Satisfactory results were obtained in all 3 cases. Distraction osteogenesis can successfully be used in mandibular functional reconstruction and has much more advantages than traditional technique.
文摘Nevoid basal cell carcinoma, known as Gorlin Goltz Syndrome, is a rare hereditary condition, characterized by a wide range of developmental abnormalities and a predisposition to neoplasms. In this report, we discuss a case of a patient with Gorlin Goltz Syndrome, who was 16 years old when first admitted for an initial appointment. The patient was diagnosed, treated and followed up for 7 years to present day. This syndrome is associated with a broad spectrum of anomalies and neoplasms as basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts, palmar and/or plantar pits, and ectopic calcifications of the falx cerebri. It affects multiple organ systems, which include skeletal, teeth, jaw, skin, eyes, reproductive organs, and neural system. All the features however, are rarely observed in a single patient. The following paper presents the significance of early diagnosis of Gorlin Goltz Syndrome and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in providing proper treatment for the patient.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China to C.L.(No.32071188)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation to C.L.(No.2020A1515010034)+1 种基金the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China to G.Z.(Project No.16103719,16101120,and 161011121,AoE/M-403-16,AOE/M-401/20)Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)to G.Z.(Project No.SMSEGL20SC01eH)and VPRDO19RD03-6.
文摘The abnormal expansion of G-rich hexanucleotide repeat,GGGGCC(G4C2),in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72(C9orf72)is known to be the prevailing genetic cause of two fatal degenerative neurological diseases,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)and frontotemporal dementia(FTD).It is well known that the DNA G4C2 repeat expansion with different lengths can form G-quadruplexes which affect gene transcription related to ALS/FTD,therefore it is crucial to understand DNA G4C2 G-quadruplex structures.Herein,by utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,we examined DNA G-quadruplex structure adopted by two G4C2 hexanucleotide repeats with an inosine substitution at position 4,d(G4C2)2-I4.We show that d(G4C2)2-I4 folds into an eight-layer parallel tetrameric G-quadruplex containing two parallel dimeric G-quadruplexes stacking together through p-p interaction via 50-to-50 mode in solution.Each dimeric G-quadruplex unit involves two propeller loops composed of two cytosine bases.This result is consistent with the observation in the crystal structure of d(G4C2)2.Our work not only sheds light on the structural diversity of G-quadruplexes adopted by d(G4C2)n but also provides a structural basis for drug design in treatment of ALS and FTD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81870747,82170916,81900984,and 82001030)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(PKU2022XGK001)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(7182184)Xi'an“Science and Technology+”Action Plan-Medical Research Project(20YXYJ0010[1])the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xzy012020110).
文摘Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common congenital craniofacial disorders, of which the etiology is closely related to rare coding variants. Filamin B (FLNB) is an actin-binding protein implicated in bone formation. FLNB mutations have been identified in several types of syndromic OFCs and previous studies suggest a role of FLNB in the onset of non-syndromic OFCs (NSOFCs). Here, we report two rare heterozygous variants (p.P441T and p.G565R) in FLNB in two unrelated hereditary families with NSOFCs. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that both variants may disrupt the function of FLNB. In mammalian cells, p.P441T and p.G565R variants are less potent to induce cell stretches than wild type FLNB, suggesting that they are loss-of-function mutations. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrates that FLNB is abundantly expressed during palatal development. Importantly, Flnb^(−/−) embryos display cleft palates and previously defined skeletal defects. Taken together, our findings reveal that FLNB is required for development of palates in mice and FLNB is a bona fide causal gene for NSOFCs in humans.
基金gratefully acknowledge the support for the work from Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2020YFA0908900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21935011 and 21725403)+2 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(KQTD20200820113012029 and JCYJ20220818100601003)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515110321,2019A1515110511)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials(2022B1212010003).
文摘Hydrogel bioadhesives represent promising and efficient alternatives to sutures or staples for gastrointestinal(GI)perforation management.However,several concerns remain for the existing bioadhesives including slow and/or weak adhesive,poor mechanical strength,low biocompatibility,and poor biodegradability,which largely limit their clinical application in GI perforation repair.In this work,we introduce an in situ injectable Tetra-PEG hydrogel bioadhesive(SS)composed of tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol)amine(Tetra-PEG-NH2)and tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol)succinimidyl succinate(Tetra-PEG-SS)for the sutureless repair of GI defects.The SS hydrogel exhibits rapid gelation behavior and high burst pressure and is capable of providing instant robust adhesion and fluid-tight sealing in the ex vivo porcine intestinal and gastric models.Importantly,the succinyl ester linkers in the SS hydrogel endow the bioadhesive with suitable in vivo degradability to match the new GI tissue formation.The in vivo evaluation in the rat GI injured model further demonstrates the successful sutureless sealing and repair of the intestine and stomach by the SS hydrogel with the advantages of neglectable postsurgical adhesion,suppressed inflammation,and enhanced angiogenesis.Together,our results support potential clinical applications of the SS bioadhesive for the high-efficient repair of GI perforation.
文摘Objective To use virtual endoscopy to obtain detailed three-dimensional images of bone, soft tissue and paranasal sinus damage as well as images of adjacent unaffected areas for optimum surgical planning. Methods A spiral CT scanner was used to examine 46 cases of facial bone fractures, maxillary cysts, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and maxillary bone tumours. Data were input into a navigator workstation to create images similar to those displayed by a fiberoptic endoscope. Various 3-D images were obtained when probe sites were changed.Results Virtual endoscopy can clearly display the anatomic structure of the paranasal sinuses, nasopharyngeal cavity and upper respiratory tract, revealing damage to the sinus wall caused by a bone tumor or fracture. In addition, the technique can be used to indicate volume changes of the upper respiratory tract in OSAS patients. These results were similar to those obtained through actual operations. Conclusions Virtual endoscopy is a new method which produces very clear images. It is reliable to provide detailed information for optimal operative planning.
基金This study was supported by The Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(ZH2018QNA08)(Zhang Zhiyuan)Academician Workstation Scientific Research Fund(2019)+2 种基金The SHIPM-mu fund No.JC201902 from the Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine,Ninth People’s Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineThe Shanghai Anticancer Association Eyas Project(SACA-CY1B06)the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.16BGL183).
文摘Background:Data on the incidence,mortality,and other burden of oral cancer as well as their secular trends are necessary to provide policy-makers with the information needed to allocate resources appropriately.The purpose of this study was to use the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2017 results to estimate the incidence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for oral cancer from 1990 to 2017.Methods:We collected detailed data on oral cancer from 1990 to 2017 from the GBD 2017.The global incidence,mortality,and DALYs attributable to oral cancer as well as the corresponding age-standardized rates(ASRs)were calculated.The estimated annual percentage changes in the ASRs of incidence(ASRI)and mortality(ASRM)and age-standardized DALYs of oral cancer were also calculated according to regions and countries to quantify the secular trends in these rates.Results:We tracked the incidence,mortality,and DALYs of oral cancer in 195 countries/territories over 28 years.Globally,the incidence,mortality,and DALYs of oral cancer increased by about 1.0-fold from 1990 to 2017.The ASRI of oral cancer showed a similar trend,increasing from 4.41 to 4.84 per 100,000 person-years during the study period.The ASRM remained approximately stable at about 2.4 per 100,000 from 1990 to 2017,as did the age-standardized DALYs,at about 64.0 per 100,000 person-years.ASRI was highest in Pakistan(27.03/100,000,95%CI=22.13-32.75/100,000),followed by Taiwan China,and lowest in Iraq(0.96/100,000,95%CI=0.86-1.06/100,000).ASRM was highest in Pakistan(16.85/100,000,95%CI=13.92-20.17/100,000)and lowest in Kuwait(0.51/100,000,95%CI=0.45-0.58/100,000).Conclusions:The ASRI of oral cancer has increased slightly worldwide,while the ASRM and age-standardized DALY have remained stable.However,these characteristics vary between countries,suggesting that current prevention strategies should be reoriented,and much more targeted and specific strategies should be established in some countries to forestall the increase in oral cancer.
基金a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81170904).
文摘Background: Several patients experience persistent otorrhea after a flawless surgical procedure because of insufficient epithelial healing. Several efforts, such as autologous tissue allograft and xenograft, have been made to halt otorrhea. However, a stable technology to induce temporal epithelial repair is yet to be established. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether implantation of seeding adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) aggregates on extracellular matrix (ECM;herein, ADMSC aggregate-ECM) into damaged skin wound promotes skin regeneration. Methods: ADMSC aggregate-ECM was prepared using a previously described procedure that isolated ADMSCs from rabbits and applied to the auricle and auditory meatus wound beds of New Zealand white rabbits. Wound healing was assessed by general observation and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Secretion of growth factor of the tissue was evaluated by western blotting. Two other groups, namely, ECM and control, were used. Comparisons of three groups were conducted by one-way analysis of variance analysis. Results: ADMSCs adhered tightly to the ECM and quickly formed cell sheets. At 2 weeks, general observation and H&E staining indicated that the wound healing rates in the ADMSC aggregate-ECM (69.02±6.36%) and ECM (59.32 + 4.10%) groups were higher than that in the control group (43.74± 12.15%;P=0.005, P<0.001, respectively) in ear auricle excisional wounds. At 7 weeks, The scar elevation index was evidently reduced in the ADMSC aggregate-ECM (2.08±0.87) and ECM (2.31 ±0.33) groups compared with the control group (4.06 ±0.45;P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, the scar elevation index of the ADMSC aggregate-ECM group reached the lowest rate 4 weeks in advance. In auditory meatus excisional wounds, the ADMSC aggregate-ECM group had the largest range of normal skin-like structure at 4 weeks. The ADMSC aggregate-ECM and ECM groups secreted increased amounts of growth factors that contributed to skin regeneration at weeks 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions: ADMSC aggregate-ECM and ECM are effective repair materials for wound healing, especially ADMSC aggregate- ECM. This approach will provide a meaningful experimental basis for mastoid epithelium repair in subsequent clinical trials.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52122102The Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China,Grant/Award Number:2019A1515011755The Fundamental Research Program of Shenzhen,China,Grant/Award Number:JCYJ20190809140401658。
文摘The physiochemical properties of the implant interface significantly influence cell growth,differentiation,cellular matrix deposition,and mineralisation,and eventually,determine the bone regeneration efficiency.Cells directly sense and respond to the physical,chemical,and mechanical cues of the implant surface,and it is increasingly recognized that surface topography can evoke specific cellular responses,conferring biological functions on substrate materials and regulating tissue regeneration.Current progress towards the fundamental understanding of the interplay between the cell and topographical surface has been made by combined advance in fabrication technologies and cell biology.Particularly,the precise fabrication and control of nano/microscale topographies can provide the fundamental knowledge of the mechanotransduction process that governs the cellular response as well as the knowledge of how the specific features drive cells towards a defined differentiation outcome.In this review,we first introduce common techniques and substrate materials for designing and fabricating micro/nanotopographical surfaces for bone regeneration.We then illustrate the intrinsic relationship of topological cues,cellular signal transduction,and cell functions and fates in osteogenic differentiation.Finally,we discuss the challenges and the future of using topological cues as a cell therapy to direct bone tissue regeneration.
文摘Pulp capping is one of the solving for keeping vital pulp in the case of dentin caries,reversible pulpitis or traumatic pulp exposure.The presence of bacteria on the cavity walls or in the pulp was the major factor that leads to the failure of pulp capping.Traditional pulp capping agent,calcium hydroxide,may not prevent microleakage.Selfetching system is a newly developed adhesive system,which could provide less microleakage and would not break down or dissolve,preventing the oral fluids and bacteria from the pulp along the cavity wall.This may reduce such clinical problems as postoperative sensitivity,secondary caries and marginal discoloration.Researches showed that some kinds of self-etching adhesives induced the mild to moderate inflammatory pulp response,with negative bacterial staining.Inclusion of antibacterial components into self-etching system,such as 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide(MDPB)may inhibit bacteria and provide better clinical effects.It is speculated that using the self-etching adhesive system containing the antibacterial agent,such as MDPB,to the dental pulp directly or indirectly,may inhibit bacteria after the placement of restoration as well as residual bacteria in the cavity.
