AIM: To evaluate the effect of priming the tooth surface with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate on antibacteria activity of resin cement. METHODS: Ten patients in whom a single missing tooth was present on both the right and...AIM: To evaluate the effect of priming the tooth surface with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate on antibacteria activity of resin cement. METHODS: Ten patients in whom a single missing tooth was present on both the right and left side in the upper or lower arch were selected. Two fixed partia dentures(FPDs) in each patient on the right and left side were planned. Each FPD was assigned either to the control or test group. In the control group, FPD was luted with resin cement and in the test group, the tooth surface was primed with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate before luting with resin cement. Bacteriological samples were collected at base line level, as the patient came to the outpatient department before the start of any treatment, 5 wk prior to cementation of FPD and at 13 wk(8wk after final cementation). Microbiological processing of all samples was done and the results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: In the test group, a predominance of aerobic/facultative gram positive cocci rod was seen which indicates a healthy periodontal site, whereas in thecontrol group, a predominance of anaerobic gram negative rods was present which indicates an unhealthy periodontal condition. This is evident by the fact that the anaerobic bacteria percentage in the control sample is 57% and 15% in the test sample after 13 wk, whereas the aerobic/facultative bacteria percentage is 43% in the control sample and 85% in the test sample after 13 wk. The percentage of gram negative bacteria in the control sample is 61% and in the test sample is 20% after 13 wk, whereas the percentage of gram positive bacteria in the control sample is 39% and in the test sample is 80% after 13 wk. The shift from anaerobic gram negative bacteria to aerobic gram positive bacteria is clearly seen from the control to test sample after 13 wk. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that priming the tooth surface with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate may enhance antibacterial activity of the resin cement.展开更多
Background & Objectives: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are set up as a part of the Post Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Then it becomes essential to review the achievement of the MDGs in India and less...Background & Objectives: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are set up as a part of the Post Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Then it becomes essential to review the achievement of the MDGs in India and lessons learned to incorporate into the SDGs. The present study reviews and predicts different components of under-five mortality rate beyond 2015 to assess the present situation and to determine the future possibilities of achieving the new targets for SDGs in India. Data and Methods: It uses available time series data on different components of U5MR from the India’s Sample Registration System (SRS). Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) model has been taken as the method of time series analysis to forecast the mortality rates beyond 2015. Results: There is a consistent pattern of faster decline in the under-five mortality compared with the neonatal mortality rate across all major states in India although neonatal mortality contributes largest share in under-five mortality. Again, share of neonatal death among under-five death is increasing steadily over the future projected years. This indicates very slow progress of reduction in neonatal mortality. Stimulating efforts with new intervention programmes will be needed to focus more on lowering neonatal mortality particularly in rural India.展开更多
Objectives:To determine COVID-19 mortality and its risk factors in hospitalized patients at of a tertiary care center in north India.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted of patients who were hospi...Objectives:To determine COVID-19 mortality and its risk factors in hospitalized patients at of a tertiary care center in north India.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted of patients who were hospitalized from May 2020 to January 2021.The in-hospital mortality was assessed,and demographic variables and comorbidities between COVID-19 deaths and survivors were compared.Results:A total of 24000 patients were admitted during the study period,among which 17000 had shown positive results of the RT-PCR test for COVID-19.The total mortality was 329 patients(1.37%),among which 232(70.52%)succumbed due to COVID-19,and 97(29.48%)died due to other illnesses.The mean age of the patients was(64.09依16.99)years.The mean age was significantly higher in COVID-19 related deaths[(67.63±13.78)years]as compared to that of the survivors[(60.52±19.5)years](P<0.001).Compared to COVID-19 survivors,there were more males(72.41%v.s.61.5%)and less females(27.59%v.s.38.5%)in COVID-19 related deaths(P=0.001).Comorbidities such as hypertension,diabetes mellitus,and chronic kidney disease showed a significant correlation with COVID-19 mortality with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.389(95%CI:1.465-2.982),3.891(95%CI:2.059-5.392),and 6.358(95%CI:5.675-10.564),respectively.Conclusions:Elderly males with comorbidities have higher risk for mortality related to COVID-19.Ongoing vaccination drive is rightfully prioritised to serve the high-risk category first.展开更多
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effect of priming the tooth surface with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate on antibacteria activity of resin cement. METHODS: Ten patients in whom a single missing tooth was present on both the right and left side in the upper or lower arch were selected. Two fixed partia dentures(FPDs) in each patient on the right and left side were planned. Each FPD was assigned either to the control or test group. In the control group, FPD was luted with resin cement and in the test group, the tooth surface was primed with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate before luting with resin cement. Bacteriological samples were collected at base line level, as the patient came to the outpatient department before the start of any treatment, 5 wk prior to cementation of FPD and at 13 wk(8wk after final cementation). Microbiological processing of all samples was done and the results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: In the test group, a predominance of aerobic/facultative gram positive cocci rod was seen which indicates a healthy periodontal site, whereas in thecontrol group, a predominance of anaerobic gram negative rods was present which indicates an unhealthy periodontal condition. This is evident by the fact that the anaerobic bacteria percentage in the control sample is 57% and 15% in the test sample after 13 wk, whereas the aerobic/facultative bacteria percentage is 43% in the control sample and 85% in the test sample after 13 wk. The percentage of gram negative bacteria in the control sample is 61% and in the test sample is 20% after 13 wk, whereas the percentage of gram positive bacteria in the control sample is 39% and in the test sample is 80% after 13 wk. The shift from anaerobic gram negative bacteria to aerobic gram positive bacteria is clearly seen from the control to test sample after 13 wk. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that priming the tooth surface with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate may enhance antibacterial activity of the resin cement.
文摘Background & Objectives: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are set up as a part of the Post Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Then it becomes essential to review the achievement of the MDGs in India and lessons learned to incorporate into the SDGs. The present study reviews and predicts different components of under-five mortality rate beyond 2015 to assess the present situation and to determine the future possibilities of achieving the new targets for SDGs in India. Data and Methods: It uses available time series data on different components of U5MR from the India’s Sample Registration System (SRS). Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) model has been taken as the method of time series analysis to forecast the mortality rates beyond 2015. Results: There is a consistent pattern of faster decline in the under-five mortality compared with the neonatal mortality rate across all major states in India although neonatal mortality contributes largest share in under-five mortality. Again, share of neonatal death among under-five death is increasing steadily over the future projected years. This indicates very slow progress of reduction in neonatal mortality. Stimulating efforts with new intervention programmes will be needed to focus more on lowering neonatal mortality particularly in rural India.
文摘Objectives:To determine COVID-19 mortality and its risk factors in hospitalized patients at of a tertiary care center in north India.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted of patients who were hospitalized from May 2020 to January 2021.The in-hospital mortality was assessed,and demographic variables and comorbidities between COVID-19 deaths and survivors were compared.Results:A total of 24000 patients were admitted during the study period,among which 17000 had shown positive results of the RT-PCR test for COVID-19.The total mortality was 329 patients(1.37%),among which 232(70.52%)succumbed due to COVID-19,and 97(29.48%)died due to other illnesses.The mean age of the patients was(64.09依16.99)years.The mean age was significantly higher in COVID-19 related deaths[(67.63±13.78)years]as compared to that of the survivors[(60.52±19.5)years](P<0.001).Compared to COVID-19 survivors,there were more males(72.41%v.s.61.5%)and less females(27.59%v.s.38.5%)in COVID-19 related deaths(P=0.001).Comorbidities such as hypertension,diabetes mellitus,and chronic kidney disease showed a significant correlation with COVID-19 mortality with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.389(95%CI:1.465-2.982),3.891(95%CI:2.059-5.392),and 6.358(95%CI:5.675-10.564),respectively.Conclusions:Elderly males with comorbidities have higher risk for mortality related to COVID-19.Ongoing vaccination drive is rightfully prioritised to serve the high-risk category first.
