We present a comparison for the effect of condensation on the morphology and magnetic prop erties of oleic acid modified BaFe_(12)O_(19) nanoparticles.Two different samples of BaFe_(12)O_(19) nanoparticles were synthe...We present a comparison for the effect of condensation on the morphology and magnetic prop erties of oleic acid modified BaFe_(12)O_(19) nanoparticles.Two different samples of BaFe_(12)O_(19) nanoparticles were synthesized by dehydration(Z1) and rotary evaporation(Z2) method,respectively.Oleic acid was used as the surface modification agent to observe the morphological and magnetic changes.The nanoparticles were analyzed by XRD,FTIR,TGA,SEM,and VSM techniques for structural and physicochemical characteris tics.Crystallographic analysis reveals the phase as hexaferrite and the average crystallite size of Z1 and Z2 is 21±3 nm and 17±2 nm,respectively.Rotary evaporator accelerates the condensation process in viscous gel(Z2).Due to the use of rotary evaporator,the coating with oleic acid for Z2 product has been accomplished very well,as compared with Z1.As a result,saturation magnetization of Z2 sample is much lower than that of Z1 sample.展开更多
Here, we report on the synthesis of PEG-Mn_3O_4 nanocomposite(NP's) via a hydrothermal route by using Mn(acac)2, ethanol, NH3 and PEG-400. The crystalline phase was identified as Mn_3O_4. The crystallite size of t...Here, we report on the synthesis of PEG-Mn_3O_4 nanocomposite(NP's) via a hydrothermal route by using Mn(acac)2, ethanol, NH3 and PEG-400. The crystalline phase was identified as Mn_3O_4. The crystallite size of the PEG-Mn_3O_4 nanocomposite was calculated as 12±5 nm from X-ray line profile fitting and the average particle size from TEM was obtained as 200 nm. This reveals polycrystalline character of Mn_3O_4 NP's. The interaction between PEG-400 and the Mn_3O_4 NP's was investigated by FTIR. Temperature independent AC conductivity of PEG-Mn_3O_4 nanocomposite beyond 20 k Hz provides a strong evidence of ionic conduction through the structure. The conductivity and permittivity measurements strongly depend on the secondary thermal transition of nanocomposite beyond 100. Above that temperature, Mn_3O_4 particles may interact with each other yielding a percolated path that will facilitate the conduction. On the other hand, the relatively lower activation energy(Ea=0.172 e V) for relaxation process suggests that polymer segmental motions of PEG and electrons hopping between Mn2+and Mn3+may be coupled in the sample below 100. Room temperature magnetization curve of the sample does not reach to a saturation, which indicates the superparamagnetic character of the particles. As the temperature increases, the frequency at which(ε′′) reaches a maximum shifted towards higher frequencies. The maximum peak was observed at 1.4 k Hz for 20 while the maximum was detected at 23.2 k Hz for 90.展开更多
Poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) assisted hydrothermal route has been used to study the influence of the hydrolyzing agent on the properties of PEG-iron oxide(Fe_3O_4) nanocomposites.Iron oxide nanoparticles(NPs),as confirm...Poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) assisted hydrothermal route has been used to study the influence of the hydrolyzing agent on the properties of PEG-iron oxide(Fe_3O_4) nanocomposites.Iron oxide nanoparticles(NPs),as confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis,have been synthesized by a hydrothermal method in which Na OH and NH_3 were used as hydrolyzing agents.Formation of PEG-Fe_3O_4 nanocomposite was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).Samples exhibit different crystallite sizes,which estimated based on line profile fitting as 10 nm for NH_3 and 8 nm for Na OH hydrolyzed samples.The average particle sizes obtained from transmission electron microscopy was respectively 174±3 nm for Na OH and 165±4 nm for NH3 gas hydrolyzed samples.Magnetic characterization results reveal superparamagnetic characteristics despite a large particle size,which indicate the absence of coupling between the nanocrystals due to the presence of polymer in the nanocomposites.The conductivity curve demonstrates that σDC is strongly temperature dependent.展开更多
Photovoltaic (PV) modules performance testing and energy rating as described in IEC 61853-1 standard depend on electrical performance parameters (short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, maximum-power) of PV modul...Photovoltaic (PV) modules performance testing and energy rating as described in IEC 61853-1 standard depend on electrical performance parameters (short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, maximum-power) of PV modules as a function of temperature and irradiance. In this work, in order to precisely determine the effects of temperature on the electrical parameters of a monocrystalline PV module, the temperature controlled, xenon light based solar simulator system with irradiance attenuating masks was used. This solar simulator, according to the IEC 60904-9 standard in terms of spectral match, spatial non-uniformity and temporal instability has A+A+A+ classes which are two times better than the standard requirements for a solar simulator to be used in PV module measurements. Moreover, the thermal chamber used in this work is a closed type chamber with fast opening door for not allowing the distortion of temperature uniformity over the surface of PV modules under test. Within about 2 m × 2 m area within 15°C to 75°C temperature interval, the temperature uniformity obtained for this system is less than 1.0°C which is almost two times better than the IEC 60891 standard requirements (±2.0°C). The temperature and irradiance dependent measurements of the electrical performance parameters of a mono-crystalline PV module at various irradiance levels and the evaluation of its temperature coefficients [α (% °C<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>), β (% °C<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>) and δ (% °C<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>)] were done by implementing the interpolation method described in IEC 60891 standard.展开更多
One of the most important parameter used for the evaluation of the energy rating of PV modules is, their spectral responsivities which are the measure of electrical performance parameters per incident solar radiation....One of the most important parameter used for the evaluation of the energy rating of PV modules is, their spectral responsivities which are the measure of electrical performance parameters per incident solar radiation. In this work, spectral responsivity measurements of a mono-crystalline, a poly-crystalline, a CIGS thin film and a bifacial module were measured using xenon-based flash type solar simulator system and a set of band pass filters. For the comprehensive characterization of parameters that may influence the spectral responsivity measurements, initially the simulator system was characterized both optically and thermally according to the IEC60904-9 and IEC60891 standard requirements. The optical characterizations in terms of spectral match, spatial non-uniformity and temporal instability indicate that the measured results (~3.0%, ~0.30% and ~0.20%) according to the IEC 60904-9 standard’s classification requirements correspond to A+A+A+ classes. Moreover, thermal characterizations in terms of the temperature uniformity show that over the 2 × 2 m area temperature uniformity of simulator system’s light distribution (1ºC) is almost two times better than the IEC 60891 standard requirements (±2ºC). Next, PV modules were electrically stabilized according to the IEC 61215-2 standard requirement’s (stability test) to reduce the fluctuations in their electrical performance parameters. Then, using the band pass filters, temperature controlled xenon-based solar simulator system and a reference PV module of the spectral responsivity of PV modules were measured from 400 nm to 1100 nm with 50 nm steps with relative uncertainty of 10<sup>-3</sup> level.展开更多
This paper reports a stable heterogeneous nanoparticles catalyst MnFe2O4@PANI@Ag for the degradation of azo dyes. In this synthesizing method, MnFe204 is used as magnetic core and polyaniline （PANI） a linker to stab...This paper reports a stable heterogeneous nanoparticles catalyst MnFe2O4@PANI@Ag for the degradation of azo dyes. In this synthesizing method, MnFe204 is used as magnetic core and polyaniline （PANI） a linker to stabilize the Ag nanoparticles （NPs） on the surface of catalyst. The method has a high ability to prevent Ag NPs from aggregation on the PANI surface, thus resulting in small size and highly dispersed Ag NPs. The composition and nano-structural features of polycrystalline sample were studied by X-ray powder diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microsco- py. Vibrating sample magnetometer measurements proved the super-paramagnetic property of the catalyst, and UV results demonstrated that MnFe2O4@PANI@Ag has a high ability to reduce the azo dyes, which come from industrial wastes in the form of pollutant. The nanocomposites could be readily separated by magnet and reused for the next four reductions with high generation efficiency.展开更多
基金the Fatih University,Research Pro ject Foundation (Contract No:P50020902-2)Turkish Ministry of Industry and TUBITAK (Contract No:110T487) for financial support of this study
文摘We present a comparison for the effect of condensation on the morphology and magnetic prop erties of oleic acid modified BaFe_(12)O_(19) nanoparticles.Two different samples of BaFe_(12)O_(19) nanoparticles were synthesized by dehydration(Z1) and rotary evaporation(Z2) method,respectively.Oleic acid was used as the surface modification agent to observe the morphological and magnetic changes.The nanoparticles were analyzed by XRD,FTIR,TGA,SEM,and VSM techniques for structural and physicochemical characteris tics.Crystallographic analysis reveals the phase as hexaferrite and the average crystallite size of Z1 and Z2 is 21±3 nm and 17±2 nm,respectively.Rotary evaporator accelerates the condensation process in viscous gel(Z2).Due to the use of rotary evaporator,the coating with oleic acid for Z2 product has been accomplished very well,as compared with Z1.As a result,saturation magnetization of Z2 sample is much lower than that of Z1 sample.
基金the Fatih University,Research Project Foundation(Contract No.:P50020902-2)Turkish Ministry of Industry and TUBITAK(Contract No.:110T487)for financial support of this study
文摘Here, we report on the synthesis of PEG-Mn_3O_4 nanocomposite(NP's) via a hydrothermal route by using Mn(acac)2, ethanol, NH3 and PEG-400. The crystalline phase was identified as Mn_3O_4. The crystallite size of the PEG-Mn_3O_4 nanocomposite was calculated as 12±5 nm from X-ray line profile fitting and the average particle size from TEM was obtained as 200 nm. This reveals polycrystalline character of Mn_3O_4 NP's. The interaction between PEG-400 and the Mn_3O_4 NP's was investigated by FTIR. Temperature independent AC conductivity of PEG-Mn_3O_4 nanocomposite beyond 20 k Hz provides a strong evidence of ionic conduction through the structure. The conductivity and permittivity measurements strongly depend on the secondary thermal transition of nanocomposite beyond 100. Above that temperature, Mn_3O_4 particles may interact with each other yielding a percolated path that will facilitate the conduction. On the other hand, the relatively lower activation energy(Ea=0.172 e V) for relaxation process suggests that polymer segmental motions of PEG and electrons hopping between Mn2+and Mn3+may be coupled in the sample below 100. Room temperature magnetization curve of the sample does not reach to a saturation, which indicates the superparamagnetic character of the particles. As the temperature increases, the frequency at which(ε′′) reaches a maximum shifted towards higher frequencies. The maximum peak was observed at 1.4 k Hz for 20 while the maximum was detected at 23.2 k Hz for 90.
基金the Fatih University,Research Pro ject Foundation (Contract no:P500209022)Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TBTAK) (Project no:110T487
文摘Poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) assisted hydrothermal route has been used to study the influence of the hydrolyzing agent on the properties of PEG-iron oxide(Fe_3O_4) nanocomposites.Iron oxide nanoparticles(NPs),as confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis,have been synthesized by a hydrothermal method in which Na OH and NH_3 were used as hydrolyzing agents.Formation of PEG-Fe_3O_4 nanocomposite was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).Samples exhibit different crystallite sizes,which estimated based on line profile fitting as 10 nm for NH_3 and 8 nm for Na OH hydrolyzed samples.The average particle sizes obtained from transmission electron microscopy was respectively 174±3 nm for Na OH and 165±4 nm for NH3 gas hydrolyzed samples.Magnetic characterization results reveal superparamagnetic characteristics despite a large particle size,which indicate the absence of coupling between the nanocrystals due to the presence of polymer in the nanocomposites.The conductivity curve demonstrates that σDC is strongly temperature dependent.
文摘Photovoltaic (PV) modules performance testing and energy rating as described in IEC 61853-1 standard depend on electrical performance parameters (short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, maximum-power) of PV modules as a function of temperature and irradiance. In this work, in order to precisely determine the effects of temperature on the electrical parameters of a monocrystalline PV module, the temperature controlled, xenon light based solar simulator system with irradiance attenuating masks was used. This solar simulator, according to the IEC 60904-9 standard in terms of spectral match, spatial non-uniformity and temporal instability has A+A+A+ classes which are two times better than the standard requirements for a solar simulator to be used in PV module measurements. Moreover, the thermal chamber used in this work is a closed type chamber with fast opening door for not allowing the distortion of temperature uniformity over the surface of PV modules under test. Within about 2 m × 2 m area within 15°C to 75°C temperature interval, the temperature uniformity obtained for this system is less than 1.0°C which is almost two times better than the IEC 60891 standard requirements (±2.0°C). The temperature and irradiance dependent measurements of the electrical performance parameters of a mono-crystalline PV module at various irradiance levels and the evaluation of its temperature coefficients [α (% °C<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>), β (% °C<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>) and δ (% °C<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>)] were done by implementing the interpolation method described in IEC 60891 standard.
文摘One of the most important parameter used for the evaluation of the energy rating of PV modules is, their spectral responsivities which are the measure of electrical performance parameters per incident solar radiation. In this work, spectral responsivity measurements of a mono-crystalline, a poly-crystalline, a CIGS thin film and a bifacial module were measured using xenon-based flash type solar simulator system and a set of band pass filters. For the comprehensive characterization of parameters that may influence the spectral responsivity measurements, initially the simulator system was characterized both optically and thermally according to the IEC60904-9 and IEC60891 standard requirements. The optical characterizations in terms of spectral match, spatial non-uniformity and temporal instability indicate that the measured results (~3.0%, ~0.30% and ~0.20%) according to the IEC 60904-9 standard’s classification requirements correspond to A+A+A+ classes. Moreover, thermal characterizations in terms of the temperature uniformity show that over the 2 × 2 m area temperature uniformity of simulator system’s light distribution (1ºC) is almost two times better than the IEC 60891 standard requirements (±2ºC). Next, PV modules were electrically stabilized according to the IEC 61215-2 standard requirement’s (stability test) to reduce the fluctuations in their electrical performance parameters. Then, using the band pass filters, temperature controlled xenon-based solar simulator system and a reference PV module of the spectral responsivity of PV modules were measured from 400 nm to 1100 nm with 50 nm steps with relative uncertainty of 10<sup>-3</sup> level.
基金supported by Fatih University under BAP(Grant No:P50021301-Y(3146)
文摘This paper reports a stable heterogeneous nanoparticles catalyst MnFe2O4@PANI@Ag for the degradation of azo dyes. In this synthesizing method, MnFe204 is used as magnetic core and polyaniline （PANI） a linker to stabilize the Ag nanoparticles （NPs） on the surface of catalyst. The method has a high ability to prevent Ag NPs from aggregation on the PANI surface, thus resulting in small size and highly dispersed Ag NPs. The composition and nano-structural features of polycrystalline sample were studied by X-ray powder diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microsco- py. Vibrating sample magnetometer measurements proved the super-paramagnetic property of the catalyst, and UV results demonstrated that MnFe2O4@PANI@Ag has a high ability to reduce the azo dyes, which come from industrial wastes in the form of pollutant. The nanocomposites could be readily separated by magnet and reused for the next four reductions with high generation efficiency.
