Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely grown in Cameroon and play a key role in the fight against food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty. However, its cultivation encounters problems due to abiotic and biotic str...Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely grown in Cameroon and play a key role in the fight against food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty. However, its cultivation encounters problems due to abiotic and biotic stresses, which leads to the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, which cause significant damage to the environment and human health due to the presence of synthetics residues in the seeds, pods and in the leaves that are eaten. Promoting the use of natural products is becoming a necessity for organic and eco-responsible agriculture that limits contamination problems and improves people’s purchasing power. This study aims to assess the effect of biostimulants based on natural products on the growth and nutritional value of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Bean seedlings from white variety (MEX-142) and red variety (DOR-701) were treated every seven days in the field from their pre-emergence, emergence and growth to their maturation under a randomized block experimental design. Six treatments and three repetitions with the biostimulants based on natural products and controls were thus performed and the agromorphological parameters were measured. After 120 days, the contents of growth biomarkers and defense-related enzymes were evaluated in leaves, while the contents of macromolecules, minerals and antinutrients were evaluated in seeds. These biostimulants significantly increased (P P < 0.0001) of antinutrients including oxalates, phytates, tannins and saponins in seeds compared to controls (T+ and T−). Treatment with biostimulants, in particular BS4, improves the performance of bean plants in the field as well as the biofortification of seeds regardless of the variety.展开更多
Plantain banana is an important cash crop that serves as stable food for millions of people around the world and contributes to income generation. Indeed, they provide a major staple food crop for millions of people a...Plantain banana is an important cash crop that serves as stable food for millions of people around the world and contributes to income generation. Indeed, they provide a major staple food crop for millions of people and play an important role in the social fabric of many rural communities. Plantain banana cultivation encounters major problem of seedlings unavailability that are essential for the creation of new plantations, as well as parasitic constraints. Mycosphaerella fijiensis is the main pathogen attack constraints of banana plant responsible of black Sigatoka disease, and viruses, which can severely reduce the photosynthetic leaf area, leading to banana production losses of more than 80% in plantations with soil fertility problems. The repeated use of synthetic input is the origin of contamination to the environment, different pollution sources of plants and human health, as well as resistance to some strains of pathogens and plant fertilization problems over time. Recent works carried out in nursery have shown that vivoplants of plantains treated with biostimulants based on natural products notably Tithonia diversifolia biopromote good growth and less susceptibility to M. fijiensis. Indeed, an increase in agromorphological characteristics, good accumulation of growth and defense biomarkers was also observed. In this context, Tithonia diversifolia is shown to be involved in the stimulatory effect mechanism of growth promotion and defensive reaction of plantain vivoplants against various pathogens and it is suggested to be acting as a vital stimulator. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on plantain banana cultivation constraints and on the potential of Tithonia diversifolia in relation with its different stimulatory effects on plantain vivoplants.展开更多
Numerous studies are being carried out on polymorphisms within the genes coding for factors VIII and IX due to their clinical relevance in the context of hereditary disorders. The quests for polymorphism can be used t...Numerous studies are being carried out on polymorphisms within the genes coding for factors VIII and IX due to their clinical relevance in the context of hereditary disorders. The quests for polymorphism can be used to screen for haemophilia through an affected family. In Cameroon, very few studies on factors VIII and IX gene polymorphisms have been conducted. Thus, this study was aimed at detecting HindIII SNP of the F8 gene and MseI SNP of the F9 gene by the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RLFP) method and determining their involvement in the severity and complications of haemophilia. Fifty-five consented haemophilia patients from the Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Yaoundé (CHUY) were recruited for this study on a convenience sampling basis. Finger-prick blood was collected and spotted on filter papers from which DNA was extracted and then subjected to the PCR-RFLP. We were able to recruit 55 (37.16%) patients out of the 148 haemophilia patients registered at the CHUY until December 2018. The average age was 15 years. Of the 55 haemophilia patients, 42 (76.36%) had type A haemophilia and 13 (23.64%) had type B haemophilia, 41 patients (74.55%) had a severe form, 10 (18.18%) had a moderate form and 4 (7.27%) a mild form). Of the 55 patients recruited, 38 (69.09%) already had an osteoarticular complication and the remaining 17 (30.91%) had no complication. Fifty-three (96.36%) participants had HindIII SNP and a significant association was found with the severity of hemophilia (P = 0.00). No association (P = 0.56) was found with osteoarticular complications of haemophilia. On the other hand, 15 (27.27%) participants were diagnosed with MseI SNPs and no association was found with the severity (P = 0.89) or complications (P = 0.68) of haemophilia.展开更多
Aim: The effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on drug-seeking behavior of amphetamine-addicted rats during withdrawal was investigated using a biased conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Method: Twenty...Aim: The effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on drug-seeking behavior of amphetamine-addicted rats during withdrawal was investigated using a biased conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Method: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats exhibiting baseline preference for the black chamber during a 20-minute pre-conditioning exploration of the CPP box completed the study. On alternate days of an 8-day schedule, twelve rats (Group AMP) were randomly selected, given either amphetamine sulfate (5 mg/ml, i.p.) and confined to the white chamber;or vehicle (1 ml saline, i.p.) and confined to the black chamber. A significant increased percentage time spent and number of entries made by Group AMP to the drug-paired, white chamber on the test day confirmed amphetamine addiction. Group AMP subsequently received increasing doses of amphetamine over 6 days. Following acute drug withdrawal, their CPP performance was compared with that of vehicle treated rats (Group SAL). Groups AMP and SAL were equally divided and randomly assigned to animals fed chow reconstituted with the nutritional supplement (AMP-S and SAL-S) over 8 weeks or standard rat chow (AMP-N and SAL-N). CPP performances for all rats were determined blindly from video recordings following this period. Results: Nutritionally supplemented, amphetamine withdrawn rats (AMP-S) exhibited significantly decreased percentage entries and time spent in the white chamber (p ?ve, control animals. Conclusion: Drug-seeking behavior by amphetamine-addicted animals was eliminated after treatment with a nutritionally supplemented diet.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Krüppel Like Factor 14 (KLF14) gene has recently been identified as a master gene for multiple metabolic phenotypes. The aim of the research study was to investigate the...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Krüppel Like Factor 14 (KLF14) gene has recently been identified as a master gene for multiple metabolic phenotypes. The aim of the research study was to investigate the relationship between KLF14 rs4731702 (C/T) gene polymorphism with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in a Cameroonian population. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This case-control study was conducted in 85 patients with T2DM and 95 healthy normoglycemic controls. All were nonrelated, of Cameroonian origin, and were adults aged 24 years old and above. Demographic, clinical and biological data were collected, and biochemical explorations were performed using enzymatic colorimetric methods. The genotyping of KLF14 rs4731702 (CT) gene polymorphism was done by the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Results: In comparing the Cameroonian population that consisted of 85 patients with T2DM and 95 healthy controls, the minor or risk allele of the rs4731702 (C/T) polymorphism of the KLF14 gene was T (63.53% diabetic patients vs. 26.32% healthy controls, OR = 4.877 and p < 0.0001) while the protective allele was C (36.47% diabetic patients vs. 73.68% healthy controls, OR = 0.205 and p < 0.0001). The susceptibility to T2DM was higher among subjects having the CT and TT genotypes with OR = 2.721 and p = 0.0145) and OR = 3.907 and p < 0.0001) respectively. This gene polymorphism was not preferentially associated with a specific diabetes phenotype. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study has demonstrated for the first time the relationship between the KLF14 rs4731702 (C/T) gene polymorphism and T2DM in this Cameroonian population. This gene polymorphism could be a promising target for personalized medicine through the development of clinical genetic testing.展开更多
文摘Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely grown in Cameroon and play a key role in the fight against food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty. However, its cultivation encounters problems due to abiotic and biotic stresses, which leads to the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, which cause significant damage to the environment and human health due to the presence of synthetics residues in the seeds, pods and in the leaves that are eaten. Promoting the use of natural products is becoming a necessity for organic and eco-responsible agriculture that limits contamination problems and improves people’s purchasing power. This study aims to assess the effect of biostimulants based on natural products on the growth and nutritional value of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Bean seedlings from white variety (MEX-142) and red variety (DOR-701) were treated every seven days in the field from their pre-emergence, emergence and growth to their maturation under a randomized block experimental design. Six treatments and three repetitions with the biostimulants based on natural products and controls were thus performed and the agromorphological parameters were measured. After 120 days, the contents of growth biomarkers and defense-related enzymes were evaluated in leaves, while the contents of macromolecules, minerals and antinutrients were evaluated in seeds. These biostimulants significantly increased (P P < 0.0001) of antinutrients including oxalates, phytates, tannins and saponins in seeds compared to controls (T+ and T−). Treatment with biostimulants, in particular BS4, improves the performance of bean plants in the field as well as the biofortification of seeds regardless of the variety.
文摘Plantain banana is an important cash crop that serves as stable food for millions of people around the world and contributes to income generation. Indeed, they provide a major staple food crop for millions of people and play an important role in the social fabric of many rural communities. Plantain banana cultivation encounters major problem of seedlings unavailability that are essential for the creation of new plantations, as well as parasitic constraints. Mycosphaerella fijiensis is the main pathogen attack constraints of banana plant responsible of black Sigatoka disease, and viruses, which can severely reduce the photosynthetic leaf area, leading to banana production losses of more than 80% in plantations with soil fertility problems. The repeated use of synthetic input is the origin of contamination to the environment, different pollution sources of plants and human health, as well as resistance to some strains of pathogens and plant fertilization problems over time. Recent works carried out in nursery have shown that vivoplants of plantains treated with biostimulants based on natural products notably Tithonia diversifolia biopromote good growth and less susceptibility to M. fijiensis. Indeed, an increase in agromorphological characteristics, good accumulation of growth and defense biomarkers was also observed. In this context, Tithonia diversifolia is shown to be involved in the stimulatory effect mechanism of growth promotion and defensive reaction of plantain vivoplants against various pathogens and it is suggested to be acting as a vital stimulator. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on plantain banana cultivation constraints and on the potential of Tithonia diversifolia in relation with its different stimulatory effects on plantain vivoplants.
文摘Numerous studies are being carried out on polymorphisms within the genes coding for factors VIII and IX due to their clinical relevance in the context of hereditary disorders. The quests for polymorphism can be used to screen for haemophilia through an affected family. In Cameroon, very few studies on factors VIII and IX gene polymorphisms have been conducted. Thus, this study was aimed at detecting HindIII SNP of the F8 gene and MseI SNP of the F9 gene by the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RLFP) method and determining their involvement in the severity and complications of haemophilia. Fifty-five consented haemophilia patients from the Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Yaoundé (CHUY) were recruited for this study on a convenience sampling basis. Finger-prick blood was collected and spotted on filter papers from which DNA was extracted and then subjected to the PCR-RFLP. We were able to recruit 55 (37.16%) patients out of the 148 haemophilia patients registered at the CHUY until December 2018. The average age was 15 years. Of the 55 haemophilia patients, 42 (76.36%) had type A haemophilia and 13 (23.64%) had type B haemophilia, 41 patients (74.55%) had a severe form, 10 (18.18%) had a moderate form and 4 (7.27%) a mild form). Of the 55 patients recruited, 38 (69.09%) already had an osteoarticular complication and the remaining 17 (30.91%) had no complication. Fifty-three (96.36%) participants had HindIII SNP and a significant association was found with the severity of hemophilia (P = 0.00). No association (P = 0.56) was found with osteoarticular complications of haemophilia. On the other hand, 15 (27.27%) participants were diagnosed with MseI SNPs and no association was found with the severity (P = 0.89) or complications (P = 0.68) of haemophilia.
文摘Aim: The effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on drug-seeking behavior of amphetamine-addicted rats during withdrawal was investigated using a biased conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Method: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats exhibiting baseline preference for the black chamber during a 20-minute pre-conditioning exploration of the CPP box completed the study. On alternate days of an 8-day schedule, twelve rats (Group AMP) were randomly selected, given either amphetamine sulfate (5 mg/ml, i.p.) and confined to the white chamber;or vehicle (1 ml saline, i.p.) and confined to the black chamber. A significant increased percentage time spent and number of entries made by Group AMP to the drug-paired, white chamber on the test day confirmed amphetamine addiction. Group AMP subsequently received increasing doses of amphetamine over 6 days. Following acute drug withdrawal, their CPP performance was compared with that of vehicle treated rats (Group SAL). Groups AMP and SAL were equally divided and randomly assigned to animals fed chow reconstituted with the nutritional supplement (AMP-S and SAL-S) over 8 weeks or standard rat chow (AMP-N and SAL-N). CPP performances for all rats were determined blindly from video recordings following this period. Results: Nutritionally supplemented, amphetamine withdrawn rats (AMP-S) exhibited significantly decreased percentage entries and time spent in the white chamber (p ?ve, control animals. Conclusion: Drug-seeking behavior by amphetamine-addicted animals was eliminated after treatment with a nutritionally supplemented diet.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Krüppel Like Factor 14 (KLF14) gene has recently been identified as a master gene for multiple metabolic phenotypes. The aim of the research study was to investigate the relationship between KLF14 rs4731702 (C/T) gene polymorphism with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in a Cameroonian population. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This case-control study was conducted in 85 patients with T2DM and 95 healthy normoglycemic controls. All were nonrelated, of Cameroonian origin, and were adults aged 24 years old and above. Demographic, clinical and biological data were collected, and biochemical explorations were performed using enzymatic colorimetric methods. The genotyping of KLF14 rs4731702 (CT) gene polymorphism was done by the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Results: In comparing the Cameroonian population that consisted of 85 patients with T2DM and 95 healthy controls, the minor or risk allele of the rs4731702 (C/T) polymorphism of the KLF14 gene was T (63.53% diabetic patients vs. 26.32% healthy controls, OR = 4.877 and p < 0.0001) while the protective allele was C (36.47% diabetic patients vs. 73.68% healthy controls, OR = 0.205 and p < 0.0001). The susceptibility to T2DM was higher among subjects having the CT and TT genotypes with OR = 2.721 and p = 0.0145) and OR = 3.907 and p < 0.0001) respectively. This gene polymorphism was not preferentially associated with a specific diabetes phenotype. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study has demonstrated for the first time the relationship between the KLF14 rs4731702 (C/T) gene polymorphism and T2DM in this Cameroonian population. This gene polymorphism could be a promising target for personalized medicine through the development of clinical genetic testing.
