Cellular senescence, a natural process wherein cells cease division and undergo irreversible growth arrest, has long captivated the curiosity of scientists because of its many implications in aging and disease. Recent...Cellular senescence, a natural process wherein cells cease division and undergo irreversible growth arrest, has long captivated the curiosity of scientists because of its many implications in aging and disease. Recent research has shed light on the nexus between cellular senescence and malignant transformation, thus leading to a paradigm shift in understanding cancer development and progression.展开更多
Medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs),which are important dietary fats,can be rapidly metabolized to efficiently produce a high amount of energy owing to their unique transportation system.MCFAs have thus become high-value ...Medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs),which are important dietary fats,can be rapidly metabolized to efficiently produce a high amount of energy owing to their unique transportation system.MCFAs have thus become high-value functional foods.MCFAs also have antibac-terial and immunoregulatory effects,help to maintain intestinal health,and have shown benefits for disease prevention and treatment.Therefore,they have the potential to be used for a variety of purposes.We herein describe the metabolic pathways involving MCFAs and their main biological functions in the human body.In addition,the effects of MCFAs as adjuvant therapy for different diseases,such as obesity,polycystic ovary syndrome,sarcopenia,and malignancy are summarized,and the likely mechanisms of action are discussed.Finally,we describe possible future clinical applications of MCFAs in the field of metabolic diseases.展开更多
Objective:Abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)is a significant medical problem with a high mortality rate.Nevertheless,the underlying mechanism for the progression and regression of AAA is unknown.Methods:Experimental model...Objective:Abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)is a significant medical problem with a high mortality rate.Nevertheless,the underlying mechanism for the progression and regression of AAA is unknown.Methods:Experimental model of AAA was first created by porcine pancreatic elastase incubation around the infrarenal aorta of C57BL/6 mice.Then,AAA progression and regression were evaluated based on the diameter and volume of AAA.The aortas were harvested for hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE),orcein staining,sirius red staining,immunofluorescence analysis and peris’prussian blue staining at the indicated time point.Finally,P-aminopropionitrile monofumarate(BAPN)was used to explore the underlying mechanism of the regression of AAA.Results:When we extended the observation period to 100 days,we not only observed an increase in the AAA diameter and volume in the early stage,but also a decrease in the late stage.Consistent with AAA diameter and volume,the aortic thickness showed the same tendency based on HE staining.The elastin and collagen content first degraded and then regenerated,which corresponds to the early deterioration and late regression of AAA.Then,endogenous up-regulation of lysyl oxidase(LOX)was detected,accompanying the regression of AAA,as detected by an immunofluorescent assay.BAPN and LOX inhibitor considerably inhibited the regression of AAA,paralleling the degradation of elastin lamella and collagen.Conclusion:Taken together,we tentatively conclude that endogenous re-generation of LOX played an influential role in the regression of AAA.Therefore,regulatory factors on the generation of LOX exhibit promising therapeutic potential against AAA.展开更多
The amino acid sequences of the NP, P, M, F, HN and L proteins of the paramyxovirus Tianjin strain were analyzed by using the bioinformatics methods. Phylogenetic analysis based on 6 structural proteins among the Tian...The amino acid sequences of the NP, P, M, F, HN and L proteins of the paramyxovirus Tianjin strain were analyzed by using the bioinformatics methods. Phylogenetic analysis based on 6 structural proteins among the Tianjin strain and 25 paramyxoviruses showed that the Tianjin strain belonged to the genus Respirovirus, in the subfamily Paramyxovirinae, and was most closely related to Sendai virus (SeV). Phylogenetic analysis with 14 known SeVs showed that Tianjin strain represented a new evolutionary lineage. Similarities comparisons indicated that Tianjin strain P protein was poorly conserved, sharing only 78.7% - 91.9% amino acid identity with the known SeVs, while the L protein was the most conserved, having 96.0% - 98.0% amino acid identity with the known SeVs. Alignments of amino acid sequences of 6 structural proteins clearly showed that Tianjin strain possessed many unique amino acid substitutions in their protein sequences, 15 in NP, 29 in P, 6 in M, 13 in F, 18 in HN, and 29 in L. These results revealed that Tianjin strain was most likely a new genotype of SeV. The presence of unique amino acid substitutions suggests that Tianjin strain maybe has a significant difference in biological, pathological, immunological, or epidemiological characteristics from the known SeVs.展开更多
Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are cystic vesicles naturally released by most mammalian cells and bacteria.EV contents include proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids.EVs can act as messengers to transmit a variety of molecules...Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are cystic vesicles naturally released by most mammalian cells and bacteria.EV contents include proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids.EVs can act as messengers to transmit a variety of molecules to recipient cells and thus play important regulatory roles in intercellular signal transduction.EVs,released by either a host cell or a pathogen,can carry pathogen-associated antigens and thus act as modulators of immune responses.EVs derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)-infected cells can regulate the innate immune response through various pathways,such as regulating the release of inflammatory cytokines.In addition,EVs can mediate antigen presentation and regulate the adaptive immune response by transmitting immunoregulatory molecules to T helper cells.In this review,we summarize the regulatory roles of EVs in the immune response against Mtb.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation (82030091)the Key Project of LiaoNing Science Foundation (2022JH6/100100037, 2022JH2/20200034,and JYTMS20230135)。
文摘Cellular senescence, a natural process wherein cells cease division and undergo irreversible growth arrest, has long captivated the curiosity of scientists because of its many implications in aging and disease. Recent research has shed light on the nexus between cellular senescence and malignant transformation, thus leading to a paradigm shift in understanding cancer development and progression.
基金supported by the Developmentof the Affiliated Hospital of XuzhouMedical University (No.XYFM2021049)the Natural Science Research Program of Huai’an (No.HAB202318 and No.HABZ202202)
文摘Medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs),which are important dietary fats,can be rapidly metabolized to efficiently produce a high amount of energy owing to their unique transportation system.MCFAs have thus become high-value functional foods.MCFAs also have antibac-terial and immunoregulatory effects,help to maintain intestinal health,and have shown benefits for disease prevention and treatment.Therefore,they have the potential to be used for a variety of purposes.We herein describe the metabolic pathways involving MCFAs and their main biological functions in the human body.In addition,the effects of MCFAs as adjuvant therapy for different diseases,such as obesity,polycystic ovary syndrome,sarcopenia,and malignancy are summarized,and the likely mechanisms of action are discussed.Finally,we describe possible future clinical applications of MCFAs in the field of metabolic diseases.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81770478 and No.81970395)the Shanghai Science and Technology Development Foundation(No.21S21901900)+1 种基金Inter-governmental Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Program,Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2021YFE0111300)the Biological Resources Programme,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KFJ-BRP-008).
文摘Objective:Abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)is a significant medical problem with a high mortality rate.Nevertheless,the underlying mechanism for the progression and regression of AAA is unknown.Methods:Experimental model of AAA was first created by porcine pancreatic elastase incubation around the infrarenal aorta of C57BL/6 mice.Then,AAA progression and regression were evaluated based on the diameter and volume of AAA.The aortas were harvested for hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE),orcein staining,sirius red staining,immunofluorescence analysis and peris’prussian blue staining at the indicated time point.Finally,P-aminopropionitrile monofumarate(BAPN)was used to explore the underlying mechanism of the regression of AAA.Results:When we extended the observation period to 100 days,we not only observed an increase in the AAA diameter and volume in the early stage,but also a decrease in the late stage.Consistent with AAA diameter and volume,the aortic thickness showed the same tendency based on HE staining.The elastin and collagen content first degraded and then regenerated,which corresponds to the early deterioration and late regression of AAA.Then,endogenous up-regulation of lysyl oxidase(LOX)was detected,accompanying the regression of AAA,as detected by an immunofluorescent assay.BAPN and LOX inhibitor considerably inhibited the regression of AAA,paralleling the degradation of elastin lamella and collagen.Conclusion:Taken together,we tentatively conclude that endogenous re-generation of LOX played an influential role in the regression of AAA.Therefore,regulatory factors on the generation of LOX exhibit promising therapeutic potential against AAA.
基金National natural science foundation of China (30471530)
文摘The amino acid sequences of the NP, P, M, F, HN and L proteins of the paramyxovirus Tianjin strain were analyzed by using the bioinformatics methods. Phylogenetic analysis based on 6 structural proteins among the Tianjin strain and 25 paramyxoviruses showed that the Tianjin strain belonged to the genus Respirovirus, in the subfamily Paramyxovirinae, and was most closely related to Sendai virus (SeV). Phylogenetic analysis with 14 known SeVs showed that Tianjin strain represented a new evolutionary lineage. Similarities comparisons indicated that Tianjin strain P protein was poorly conserved, sharing only 78.7% - 91.9% amino acid identity with the known SeVs, while the L protein was the most conserved, having 96.0% - 98.0% amino acid identity with the known SeVs. Alignments of amino acid sequences of 6 structural proteins clearly showed that Tianjin strain possessed many unique amino acid substitutions in their protein sequences, 15 in NP, 29 in P, 6 in M, 13 in F, 18 in HN, and 29 in L. These results revealed that Tianjin strain was most likely a new genotype of SeV. The presence of unique amino acid substitutions suggests that Tianjin strain maybe has a significant difference in biological, pathological, immunological, or epidemiological characteristics from the known SeVs.
基金Natural Science Foundation of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.2020JQ07General Programs of Natural Science Foundation of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,No.2020MS08126and"Zhiyuan"Talent Project of the Inner Mongolia Medical University,No.ZY0130013.
文摘Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are cystic vesicles naturally released by most mammalian cells and bacteria.EV contents include proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids.EVs can act as messengers to transmit a variety of molecules to recipient cells and thus play important regulatory roles in intercellular signal transduction.EVs,released by either a host cell or a pathogen,can carry pathogen-associated antigens and thus act as modulators of immune responses.EVs derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)-infected cells can regulate the innate immune response through various pathways,such as regulating the release of inflammatory cytokines.In addition,EVs can mediate antigen presentation and regulate the adaptive immune response by transmitting immunoregulatory molecules to T helper cells.In this review,we summarize the regulatory roles of EVs in the immune response against Mtb.
