AIM:To investigate the efficacy of a new visual acuity(VA)screening method,the baby vision test for young children.METHODS:A total 105 eyes of 65 children aged 2-8y were included in the study.Acuity testing was conduc...AIM:To investigate the efficacy of a new visual acuity(VA)screening method,the baby vision test for young children.METHODS:A total 105 eyes of 65 children aged 2-8y were included in the study.Acuity testing was conducted using a standardized recognition acuity chart(Snellen visual chart:at 3 m)and the baby vision model assessment.The baby vision device includes a screen,a near infrared camera and a computer.Children were seated at a measured distance of 33-40 cm from a display for testing.VA was estimated according to the highest resolution the children could follow.Decimal VA data were converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR)for statistical analysis.The VA results for each child were recorded and analyzed for consistency.RESULTS:The mean VA measured using the Snellen visual chart was 0.62±0.32,and that assessed using the baby vision test was 0.66±0.27.The 95%limit of agreement was-0.609 to 0.695,with 95.2%(100/105)plots within the 95%limits of agreement.VA values of the baby vision test were significantly correlated with those of the Snellen chart(R=0.274,P=0.005).CONCLUSION:The baby vision test can be used as a relatively reliable method for estimating VA in young children.This new acuity assessment might be a valid predictor of optotype-measured acuity later in preverbal children.展开更多
Purpose:To investigate the effect of proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops on emergence agitation after general anaesthesia for paediatric strabismus surgery.Methods:Paediatric patients(3-12 years-old)receiving strabis...Purpose:To investigate the effect of proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops on emergence agitation after general anaesthesia for paediatric strabismus surgery.Methods:Paediatric patients(3-12 years-old)receiving strabismus surgery were randomly assigned to receive 1-2 drops of isotonic saline(n=129)or proparacaine hydrochloride(n=129)after surgery.The incidence and degree of emergence agitation were recorded and compared between groups.Results:A significantly lower occurrence of emergence agitation was observed with proparacaine hydrochloride drops compared to isotonic saline(12.4% vs.31.8%;p<0.05).Conclusion:Proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops reduce the incidence of emergence agitation after general anaesthesia for paediatric strabismus surgery.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the trend of glaucoma internal filtration surgeries for inpatients between 2015 and 2021 at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.METHODS:A review of the medical records of inpatients who had ...AIM:To evaluate the trend of glaucoma internal filtration surgeries for inpatients between 2015 and 2021 at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.METHODS:A review of the medical records of inpatients who had been diagnosed with glaucoma and received antiglaucoma surgery between January 1,2015 and December 31,2021 was conducted.The glaucoma diagnosis in this study included primary open angle glaucoma,primary angleclosure glaucoma,secondary glaucoma,and paediatric glaucoma.The types of surgeries were categorised as internal filtration,external filtration,and cyclodestruction surgery based on the pathway of aqueous humor outflow.The trend of these glaucoma surgeries in the sample of patients with different types of glaucoma was then analysed.RESULTS:The number of patients hospitalised for glaucoma surgery increased yearly,from 752 in 2015 to 1373 in 2021,at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.Regarding the patients diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma,internal filtration surgery increased from 27.40%of the sample to 54.40%of the sample,while external filtration surgery decreased from 71.50%to 44.20%between 2015 and 2021.For paediatric glaucoma,internal filtration surgery increased from 37.50%in 2015 to 88.20%in 2021.Whilst different types of surgeries were performed on the sample of patients with secondary glaucoma,the proportion of internal filtration surgery also showed an increase from 18.20%in 2015 to 40.90%in 2021.Meanwhile,internal filtration surgery in the patient sample with primary angle-closure glaucoma already accounted for over 70.00%in 2015,and showed a small increase by 2021.CONCLUSION:As surgical technology and surgical experience continue to elevate and improve,the range of glaucoma surgeries are correspondingly evolving.This study find that internal filtration surgeries accounted for an increasing proportion of treatments in the surgical management of glaucoma between 2015 and 2021.展开更多
Dear Editor,We present the first time,a case of a patient developed cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)leak and pneumocranium following optic canal decompression(OCD).INTRODUCTION Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy(ITON)impairs...Dear Editor,We present the first time,a case of a patient developed cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)leak and pneumocranium following optic canal decompression(OCD).INTRODUCTION Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy(ITON)impairs visual functions and quality of life.Endoscopic transnasal optic canal decompression(ETOCD)is one of the standard treatment strategies for the ITON.During the ETOCD,the optic nerve sheath are usually incised for sufficient decompression of optic nerve after removal of optic canal,which is associated with complications like CSF leakage,ophthalmic artery injury,and optic nerve injury[1].Generally,the mild CSF leak is common and can heal spontaneously using conventional treatment,the severe CSF leak requires surgical repair[2].展开更多
AIM:To explore the topographic distribution features of choroidal thickness(CT)and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFLT),and determine the relationship between CT and ocular parameters in school-aged children.MET...AIM:To explore the topographic distribution features of choroidal thickness(CT)and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFLT),and determine the relationship between CT and ocular parameters in school-aged children.METHODS:The healthy school-aged children with low ametropia or emmetropia in Wenzhou were recruited for this cross-sectional study.With high-density optical coherence tomography(HD-OCT)combined with MATLAB software,the CT and RNFLT values in the macular area were measured at different locations and compared.Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between CT and ophthalmic parameters,such as spherical equivalent(SE)and the axial length(AL).RESULTS:A total of 279 school-aged children with8.00±1.35 years of mean age(range,6-10 y)were included.The mean AL was 23.66±0.86 mm.The mean CT in CT-C(264.31±48.93μm)was thicker than that in CT-N1(249.54±50.52μm),and the average CT in the parafoveal region was also thicker than that in CT-N2(235.65±50.63μm).The subfoveal CT also varied substantially across refractive errors(P<0.001),and those with myopia(250.59±47.01μm)exhibited a thinner choroid compared with those with emmetropia(278.74±48.06μm).CT negatively correlated with AL(y=-21.72 x+779.17;R^2=0.1458),and positively correlated with SE(y=15.76 x+271.9;R^2=0.0727.OD;y=18.31 x+269.8;R^2=0.1007.OS).The average RNFLT was thickest in the peripapillary region(236.35±19.03μm),the mean RNFLT-S(131.10±15.16μm)was thicker than the RNFLT-I(128.20±16.59μm),and the mean RNFLT-T(76.54±11.99μm)was thicker than the RNFLT-N(64.28±8.55μm).The variations in the RNFLT between quadrants did differ between those with myopia and emmetropia(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:We establish demographic information for the choroid and RNFLT.These findings provide information that should be considered in future analyses of the CT and RNFLT in OCT studies in school-aged children.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the foveal pit morphology changes in unaffected carriers and affected Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy(LHON)patients with the G11778 A mutation from one family.METHODS:This study was a prospecti...AIM:To investigate the foveal pit morphology changes in unaffected carriers and affected Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy(LHON)patients with the G11778 A mutation from one family.METHODS:This study was a prospective cross-sectional study.Both eyes from 16 family members(age from 9 to 47 y)with the G11778 A mutation were analyzed and compared with 1 eye from 20 normal control subjects.Eleven family members with the G11778 A mutation but without optic neuropathy were classified as unaffected carriers(n=22 eyes).Five family members(n=10 eyes)expressed the LHON phenotype and were classified as affected patients.Retinal images of all the subjects were taken by optical coherence tomography(OCT),and an automatic algorithm was used to segment the retina to eight layers.Horizontal and vertical OCT images centered on the fovea were used to measure intra-retinal layer thicknesses and foveal morphometry.RESULTS:Thicker foveal thickness,thinner foveal pit depth,and flatter foveal slopes were observed in unaffected carriers and affected LHON patients(all P<0.001).Further,the slopes of all four sectors in the LHON were flatter than those in the unaffected carriers(all P<0.001).Compared with the control group,affected LHON patients had a thinner retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL),ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer(GCL+IPL),and total retina(all P<0.01).The retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)of affected patients was 38.0%thinner than that of controls while the GCL+IPL was 40.1%thinner.CONCLUSION:The foveal pit morphology shows changes in both unaffected carriers and affects patients.RNFL and GCL+IPL are thinner in affected LHON patients but not in unaffected carriers.展开更多
Chalcone is a plant metabolite widely found in fruits,vegetables,spices and tea,and has anti-tumor,anti-inflammation,immunomodulation,antibacterial and anti-oxidation activities,as well as many other pharmacological a...Chalcone is a plant metabolite widely found in fruits,vegetables,spices and tea,and has anti-tumor,anti-inflammation,immunomodulation,antibacterial and anti-oxidation activities,as well as many other pharmacological and biological effects.Our team has shown that its analogs have antioxidant activity,and oxidative stress is a pathological hallmark of retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury that can lead to retinal damage and visual loss.This investigation aims to identify a chalcone that protects retinal ganglion cells in vitro from the effects of oxidative stress and examine its mechanism.Rat retinal ganglion cell-5 cells were pretreated with chalcones and then exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide that causes oxidative damage.Controls received dimethyl sulfoxide only or tert-butyl hydroperoxide in dimethyl sulfoxide.Only(E)-3,4-dihydroxy-2′-methylether ketone(L2 H17),of the five chalcone analogs,markedly increased the survival rate of oxidatively injured RGC-5 cells.Thus,subsequent experiments only analyzed the results of the L2 H17 intervention.Cell viability and apoptosis were measured.Intracellular superoxide dismutase and reactive oxygen species levels were used to assess induced oxidative stress.The mechanism of action by L2 H17 was explored by measuring the ER stress/UPR pathway and the expression and localization of Nrf2.All results demonstrated that L2 H17 could reduce the apoptosis of oxidatively injured cells,inhibit caspase-3 activity,increase Bcl-2 expression,decrease Bad expression,increase the activity of superoxide dismutase,inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species,increase Nrf2 immunoreactivity,and reduce the activating transcription factor 4,phospho-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and CHOP expression.L2 H17 protects retinal ganglion cells induced by oxidative stress by regulating Nrf2,which indicates that it has the potential to become a drug for retinal ischemia/reperfusion.展开更多
AIM: To identify the mutations in RS1 gene associated with typical phenotype of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis(XLRS) and a rare condition of concomitant glaucoma. ·METHODS: Complete ophthalmic examinations were ...AIM: To identify the mutations in RS1 gene associated with typical phenotype of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis(XLRS) and a rare condition of concomitant glaucoma. ·METHODS: Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed in the proband. The coding regions of the RS1 gene that encode retinoschisin were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced. ·RESULTS: The proband showed a typical phenotype of XLRS with large peripheral retinal schisis in both eyes,involving the macula and combined with foveal cystic change,reducing visual acuity. A typical phenotype of recurrent glaucoma with high intraocular pressure(IOP) and reduced visual field was also demonstrated with the patient. Mutation analysis of RS1 gene revealed R102W(c.304C>T) mutations in the affected male,and his mother was proved to be a carrier with the causative mutation and another synonymous polymorphism(c.576C>CT). ·CONCLUSION: We identified the genetic variations of a Chinese family with typical phenotype of XLRS and glaucoma. The severe XLRS phenotypes associated with R102W mutations reveal that the mutation determines a notable alteration in the function of the retinoschisin protein. Identification of the disease-causing mutation is beneficial for future clinical references.展开更多
AIM:To estimate the prevalence of diabetic macular edema(DME) and clinically significant macular edema(CSME),and to assess their risk factors in a population with type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM) located in northeast Ch...AIM:To estimate the prevalence of diabetic macular edema(DME) and clinically significant macular edema(CSME),and to assess their risk factors in a population with type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM) located in northeast China.METHODS:Patients were included from the Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study(FS-DIRECT),a community-based study conducted in northeast China.The presence of DME and CSME was determined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS) retinopathy scale of fundus photographs.The age-standardized prevalence of DME and CSME was estimated.The association between DME/CSME and risk factors was analyzed in a multivariate Logistical analysis.RESULTS:A total of 292(15.4%) and 166(8.8%) patients were diagnosed as DME and CSME,yielding the age and sex standardized prevalence of 13.5%(95%CI:11.9%-15.0%),and 7.1%(95%CI:5.9%-8.3%),respectively.Female patients had a higher prevalence of DME compared to their male counterparts(15.7% vs 10.4%,P=0.03).Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that younger age,insulin use,proteinuria,longer duration of diabetes,and higher glycosylated hemoglobin A1c,were associated with the prevalence of DME and CSME.Patients with higher fasting plasma glucose,systolic blood pressure,and blood urea nitrogen were also found to be associated with DME.CONCLUSION:Early fundus screening in diabetic patients is invaluable and given the relatively high prevalence of DME and CSME in this study cohort,those with a high risk of sight threatening maculopathy would invariably benefit from earlier detection.展开更多
To assess all available data to compare the efficacy of glucocorticoids treatment and orbital decompression for dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON).PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library databases as well as other sources we...To assess all available data to compare the efficacy of glucocorticoids treatment and orbital decompression for dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON).PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library databases as well as other sources were searched by two independent reviewers followed by extensive hand-searching for the identification of relevant studies.The primary outcomes were the improvement in visual acuity and responder rate.Secondary outcomes were the proptosis reduction,change in diplopia,and clinical activity score(CAS).One randomized controlled trial,three retrospective case series and one prospective case series met the inclusion criteria.They were divided into intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids(ivGC)group and orbital decompression(OD)group.Both groups demonstrated improvement in visual acuity.In addition,the proportion of patients with improved vision in OD group was higher than that in ivGC group(P<0.001).Post-treatment proptosis reduction was also reported in both groups.Overall,weighted mean in proptosis reduction estimated at 1.64 and 5.45 mm in patients treated with ivGC and OD respectively.This study also presented results regarding pre-existing and new-onset diplopia.Apart from diplopia,a wide variety of minor and major complications were noted in 5 included studies.The most common complication in ivGC group and OD group was Cushing's syndrome and epistaxis respectively.The present systematic review shows that both glucocorticoids treatment and OD are effective in treating DON and OD may work better in improving visual acuity and reducing proptosis.However,high-quality,large-sample,controlled studies need to be performed in the future.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the depressive state among the patients with symptomatic vitreous floaters(SVF),as well as its change after SVF removal via vitrectomy surgery.METHODS:Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients who underwent ...AIM:To investigate the depressive state among the patients with symptomatic vitreous floaters(SVF),as well as its change after SVF removal via vitrectomy surgery.METHODS:Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients who underwent 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for SVF were included.Thirty-nine eyes of 39 age-and gendermatched healthy volunteers without SVF were also recruited as a healthy control.Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression(CES-D)was used to assess volunteers and patients’depression(before and 1 wk after PPV).RESULTS:The CES-D score was 18.3±8.6 for patients,and was 12.4±6.0 for healthy control(P=0.003).Patients were significantly more likely to be in a depressive state(53.6%,defined as CES-D score≥16)than the healthy control(20.5%,P=0.005).For patients with SVF,the CES-D score was negatively correlated with their age(rs=-0.42,P=0.025).After PPV,both the CES-D score(11.9±5.4 vs 18.3±8.6,P<0.001)and proportion of depressive state(18.5%vs 53.6%,P=0.005)were significantly decreased.CONCLUSION:This study suggests that symptoms of vitreous floaters have an apparently negative impact on patients’psychological state.The PPV can effectively relieve the depressive state for patients with SVF.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of baffle and intraocular pressure(IOP) on the aerosols generated in the noncontact tonometer(NCT) measurement and provide recommendations for the standardized use of the NCT during cor...AIM: To investigate the effects of baffle and intraocular pressure(IOP) on the aerosols generated in the noncontact tonometer(NCT) measurement and provide recommendations for the standardized use of the NCT during coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). METHODS: This clinical trial included 252 subjects(312 eyes) in The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University from March 7, 2020, to March 28, 2020. Sixty subjects(120 eyes) with normal IOP were divided into two groups. One group used an NCT without a baffle, another group used an NCT with a baffle. Another 192 subjects(192 eyes) were divided into four groups: Group A;(without a baffle+normal IOP), Group A;(without a baffle+high IOP), Group B;(with a baffle+normal IOP) and Group B;(with a baffle+high IOP). Particulate matter(PM) 2.5 and PM10 generated by all subjects were quantified during the NCT measurement. The IOP values were recorded simultaneously. Effects of baffle and IOP on aerosols generated during the NCT measurement were analyzed.RESULTS: In the normal eye group with a baffle, the aerosol density decreased in a wave-like shape near the NCT with the increase in the number of people measured for IOP, demonstrating no cumulative effect. However, in the normal eye group without a baffle, there was a cumulative effect. PM2.5 and PM10 in Group A;were higher than Group A;(both P<0.001). The PM2.5 and PM10 in Group B;were higher than Group B;(P<0.01, P<0.001 respectively). The PM10 of Group B;was lower than Group A;(P<0.01). PM2.5 in Group B;were lower than Group A;(P<0.01). The median of per capita PM2.5 and PM10 in the combined Group A;+A;were 0.80 and 1.10 μg/m;respectively, which were higher than 0.20 and 0.60 μg/m;in the combined Group B;+B;(both P<0.01). The median of per capita PM2.5 and PM10 in the combined Group A;+B;were 0.10 and 0.20 μg/m;respectively, which were lower than 1.30 and 1.70 μg/m;in the combined Group A;+B;(both P<0.001).CONCLUSION: More aerosols could be generated in patients with high IOP. After the NCT is equipped with a baffle, per capita aerosol density generated decreased significantly near the NCT;And with the increase in the number of people measured for IOP, the aerosols gradually dissipated near the NCT, demonstrating no cumulative effect. Therefore, it is suggested that the NCT should be equipped with a baffle, especially for patients with high IOP.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the knowledge,attitudes,and practices regarding eye-care seeking practices of visually impaired adults in a rural area Yueqing,and explore factors influencing their behavior.METHODS:A stratified sampli...AIM:To evaluate the knowledge,attitudes,and practices regarding eye-care seeking practices of visually impaired adults in a rural area Yueqing,and explore factors influencing their behavior.METHODS:A stratified sampling method was used to select 48 villages in Yueqing,from which 2400 people were selected to receive vision screenings conducted by oculists during a household visit.Those presenting visual acuity≥0.5 log MAR in either eye completed a self-designed questionnaire investigating their knowledge about medical eye-care seeking,attitudes about eye health and eye-careseeking behavior.RESULTS:Totally 165 people with moderate-to-severe visual impairment were identified(6.9%,165/2400),and 146 eligible participants were recruited(response rate:88.4%,mean age:68.6±15.0 y),among which 88(60.3%)were female.They had 82(56.2%)and 64(43.8%)monocular and binocular visual impairments respectively.A total of 67(45.9%)subjects demonstrated a high knowledge level about medical eye-care seeking and 88(60.3%)had self-rated poor vision,with 23(15%)receiving regular vision checks.The 105(71.9%)subjects had never been to hospital for an eye examination."No need"and"schedule conflicts"were the main reasons for not seeking eye care.Having extensive knowledge of medical eye-care seeking was positively associated with high education levels(OR=3.73,P=0.045)and negatively correlated with older age(OR=0.97,P=0.043).Both the self-perceived vision condition(OR=2.59,P=0.03)and regular vision check behavior(OR=6.50,P<0.01)were related with seeking eye care services.CONCLUSION:In rural Yueqing,intervention is required to increase public knowledge about seeking medical eye care among people with moderate-to-severe visual impairment,especially for the elderly and poorly education.Regular vision checks may be useful to promote their medical eye-care utilization.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of school-basedcomprehensive intervention on myopia development inelementary school children.METHODS:As a part of the Wenzhou Epidemiologyof Refraction Error Study,there were 1524 partic...AIM:To investigate the effects of school-basedcomprehensive intervention on myopia development inelementary school children.METHODS:As a part of the Wenzhou Epidemiologyof Refraction Error Study,there were 1524 participatingelementary students(730 girls,47.9%)in grades 1 to3 from three campuses of one school,aged 7.3±0.9y,who were examined twice every year for a 2.5y follow upperiod.Comprehensive intervention and other reminderswere given at school every semester for the interventiongroup.The control group did not receive comprehensiveintervention and did not have reminders of it.RESULTS:There were 651 students in the interventiongroup[mean age 7.3±0.9y;294(45.2%)girls]and 737students in the control group[mean age 7.2±0.9y;346(46.9%)girls].Overall mean myopia progression duringthe 2.5y follow-up was-0.49±1.04 diopters(D)in theintervention group and-0.65±1.08 D in the control group(P=0.004).The majority that not get myopia at baselinespherical equivalent(SE≤-1.0 D).Their mean myopiaprogression during the 2.5y follow-up was-0.37±0.89 Din the intervention group and-0.51±0.93 D in the controlgroup(27.5%reduction,P=0.009);Overall,mean axiallength elongation was less in the intervention group(0.56±0.32 mm)than in the control group(0.61±0.38 mm,10.5%reduction,P=0.009).The percentage of close reading distance(<30 cm)in the intervention group was less than in the control group(73.4%vs 76.2%,P<0.001),the percentage of everyday perform eye exercises in the intervention group was more than in the control group(27.8%vs 20.7%,P<0.001)30mo later.CONCLUSION:The comprehensive intervention program at elementary school has a significant alleviating effect on myopia progression for children during the 2.5y follow-up,especially for those non-myopia at baseline.展开更多
The Handan Offspring Myopia Study(HOMS)is the first offspring eye study in a Chinese population.The study design is based on another representative study,Handan Eye Study.In this study,we found 1 diopter(D)of generati...The Handan Offspring Myopia Study(HOMS)is the first offspring eye study in a Chinese population.The study design is based on another representative study,Handan Eye Study.In this study,we found 1 diopter(D)of generational myopic shift,a weak protective effect of the outdoor activity on myopia,and a modest protective effect of the eye exercises of acupoints on myopia,among the rural children in the northern area.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate whether a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib could inhibit basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)simultaneously for retinal vascular disease in vivo.ME...AIM:To evaluate whether a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib could inhibit basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)simultaneously for retinal vascular disease in vivo.METHODS:After a laser induced rabbit retinal vein occlusion(RVO)model was made,0.5 mg of nintedanib was injected intravitreally in the left eye on the third day while the right eye was as a control.Intracameral samples were taken on the day before laser treatment and days 1,3,7,14,21,and 28 after treatment.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to test the bFGF and VEGF-A concentrations in the aqueous humor.RESULTS:Both bFGF and VEGF-A rose significantly on the third day after laser treatment in both eyes.In the control eye the bFGF concentration peaked on the 14th day while the VEGF-A concentration dropped rapidly soon after the third day.After nintadanib injection in the study eye,both bFGF and VEGF-A showed a significant reduction on the 4th day(7th day after laser treatment)when compared to the control eye,and kept on low level in the following several weeks.CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection of nintedanib can inhibit the expression of bFGF and VEGF in the process of RVO model to a certain extent,which is expected to become a new method for the treatment of retinal vascular diseases or fibrotic diseases.展开更多
Small interfering RNA(siRNA)has a promising future in the treatment of ocular diseases due to its high efficiency,specificity,and low toxicity in inhibiting the expression of target genes and proteins.However,due to t...Small interfering RNA(siRNA)has a promising future in the treatment of ocular diseases due to its high efficiency,specificity,and low toxicity in inhibiting the expression of target genes and proteins.However,due to the unique anatomical structure of the eye and various barriers,delivering nucleic acids to the retina remains a significant challenge.In this study,we rationally design PACD,an A-B-C type non-viral vector copolymer composed of a hydrophilic PEG block(A),a siRNA binding block(B)and a pH-responsive block(C).PACDs can self-assemble into nanosized polymeric micelles that compact siRNAs into polyplexes through simple mixing.By evaluating its pH-responsive activity,gene silencing efficiency in retinal cells,intraocular distribution,and anti-angiogenesis therapy in a mouse model of hypoxia-induced angiogenesis,we demonstrate the efficiency and safety of PACD in delivering siRNA in the retina.We are surprised to discover that,the PACD/siRNA polyplexes exhibit remarkable intracellular endosomal escape efficiency,excellent gene silencing,and inhibit retinal angiogenesis.Our study provides design guidance for developing efficient nonviral ocular nucleic acid delivery systems.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate contrast visual acuity(CVA) after implantation of an aspheric apodized diffractive intraocular lens(IOL) or a spherical apodized diffractive IOL in cataract surgery. ·METHODS: This prospective ra...AIM: To evaluate contrast visual acuity(CVA) after implantation of an aspheric apodized diffractive intraocular lens(IOL) or a spherical apodized diffractive IOL in cataract surgery. ·METHODS: This prospective randomized controlled study with a 12-month follow-up compared the results of cataract surgery with implantation of an aspheric AcrySof ReSTOR SN6AD3 IOL(30 eyes) and a spherical AcrySof ReSTOR SN60D3 IOL(30 eyes). CVA with best distance correction was measured at 4 contrast levels(100%,25%,10% and 5%) under 3 levels of chart luminance [250,85 and 25 candelas per square meter(cd/m2)] using a multi-functional visual acuity tester(MFVA-100). ·RESULTS: At 12 months after surgery,there were no statistically significant differences in 100% CVA and 25% CVA under 250cd/m2(P100% =0.875 and P25% =0.057) and 85cd/m2(P100% =0.198 and P25% =0.193) between the aspheric group and the spherical group. However,the 10% CVA and 5% CVA were significant better in aspheric group than spherical group under 250cd/m2(P10% =0.042 and P5% = 0.007) and 85cd/m2(P10% =0.002 and P5%=0.039). Under the luminance level of 25cd/m 2,no significant differences was found in the 100% CVA between the 2 group(P100% = 0.245),while aspheric group had better visual acuity in the remaining 3 contracts(P25% =0.023,P10% =0.026 and P5% = 0.002,respectively). ·CONCULSION: The aspheric AcrySof ReSTOR SN6AD3 IOL provided patients with better low-contrast visual acuity than the spherical AcrySof ReSTOR SN60D3 IOL.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the relationship between contrast sensitivity(CS) and corneal shape following overnight orthokeratology(OK). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective clinical study of 80 lens-wearing myopia patients, al...AIM: To evaluate the relationship between contrast sensitivity(CS) and corneal shape following overnight orthokeratology(OK). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective clinical study of 80 lens-wearing myopia patients, all of whom had undergone OK and had been evaluated by Orbscan II topography. We measured the surface irregularity index(SIRI) of corneal topography at 3 and 5 mm, the size of the flattened central corneal curvature of OK lens(zone A), the size of the cornea altered by OK lens(zone B), the size of the pupillary area at the corneal level(zone C), the area of crossover between zones A and C(zone AC), the area of crossover between zones B and C(BC), the ratio of BC to B(BC/B), and the ratio of AC to C(AC/C). CS was evaluated using the CSV-1000 with spatial frequencies of 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles/degree(CPD). RESULTS: Multiple correlation analyses indicated significant negative correlations between CS, zone C, BC/B, and 3-mm SIRI(all P<0.01). There were no significant differences between CS, zone B, AC/A, or 5-mm SIRI(P=0.60, 0.94 and 0.11, respectively). Zone C was negatively correlated with 3, 6, 12, and 18 CPD. 5-mm SIRI were negatively correlated with 6, 12, and 18 CPD. BC/C was negatively correlated with 6 and 18 CPD. AC/C was positively correlated with 3 CPD. CONCLUSION: Zone C, 3-mm SIRI and BC/B affect the CS following overnight OK.展开更多
AIM:To compare the diagnostic performance of isolatedcheck visual evoked potential(ic VEP) and standard automated perimetry(SAP),for evaluating the application values of ic VEP in the detection of early glaucoma.METHO...AIM:To compare the diagnostic performance of isolatedcheck visual evoked potential(ic VEP) and standard automated perimetry(SAP),for evaluating the application values of ic VEP in the detection of early glaucoma.METHODS:Totally 144 subjects(288 eyes) were enrolled in this study.ic VEP testing was performed with the Neucodia visual electrophysiological diagnostic system.A 15% positive-contrast(bright) condition pattern was used in this device to differentiate between glaucoma patients and healthy control subjects.Signal-to-noise ratios(SNR) were derived based on a multivariate statistic.The eyes were judged as abnormal if the test yielded an SNR≤1.SAP testing was performed with the Humphrey Field Analyzer II.The visual fields were deemed as abnormality if the glaucoma hemifield test results outside normal limits;or the pattern standard deviation with P<0.05;or the cluster of three or more non-edge points on the pattern deviation plot in a single hemifield with P<0.05,one of which must have a P<0.01.Disc photographs were graded as either glaucomatous optic neuropathy or normal by two experts who were masked to all other patient information.Moorfields regression analysis(MRA) used as a separate diagnostic classification was performed by Heidelberg retina tomograph(HRT).RESULTS:When the disc photograph grader was used as diagnostic standard,the sensitivity for SAP and ic VEP was 32.3% and 38.5% respectively and specificity was 82.3% and 77.8% respectively.When the MRA Classifier was used as the diagnostic standard,the sensitivity for SAP and ic VEP was 48.6% and 51.4% respectively and specificity was 84.1% and 78.0% respectively.When the combined structural assessment was used as the diagnostic standard,the sensitivity for SAP and ic VEP was 59.2%and 53.1% respectively and specificity was 84.2% and 84.6% respectivlely.There was no statistical significance between the sensitivity or specificity of SAP and ic VEP,regardless of which diagnostic standard was based on.CONCLUSION:The diagnostic performance of ic VEP is not better than that of SAP in the detection of early glaucoma.展开更多
文摘AIM:To investigate the efficacy of a new visual acuity(VA)screening method,the baby vision test for young children.METHODS:A total 105 eyes of 65 children aged 2-8y were included in the study.Acuity testing was conducted using a standardized recognition acuity chart(Snellen visual chart:at 3 m)and the baby vision model assessment.The baby vision device includes a screen,a near infrared camera and a computer.Children were seated at a measured distance of 33-40 cm from a display for testing.VA was estimated according to the highest resolution the children could follow.Decimal VA data were converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR)for statistical analysis.The VA results for each child were recorded and analyzed for consistency.RESULTS:The mean VA measured using the Snellen visual chart was 0.62±0.32,and that assessed using the baby vision test was 0.66±0.27.The 95%limit of agreement was-0.609 to 0.695,with 95.2%(100/105)plots within the 95%limits of agreement.VA values of the baby vision test were significantly correlated with those of the Snellen chart(R=0.274,P=0.005).CONCLUSION:The baby vision test can be used as a relatively reliable method for estimating VA in young children.This new acuity assessment might be a valid predictor of optotype-measured acuity later in preverbal children.
文摘Purpose:To investigate the effect of proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops on emergence agitation after general anaesthesia for paediatric strabismus surgery.Methods:Paediatric patients(3-12 years-old)receiving strabismus surgery were randomly assigned to receive 1-2 drops of isotonic saline(n=129)or proparacaine hydrochloride(n=129)after surgery.The incidence and degree of emergence agitation were recorded and compared between groups.Results:A significantly lower occurrence of emergence agitation was observed with proparacaine hydrochloride drops compared to isotonic saline(12.4% vs.31.8%;p<0.05).Conclusion:Proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops reduce the incidence of emergence agitation after general anaesthesia for paediatric strabismus surgery.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2020YFC2008200)the Program for Zhejiang Leading Talent of S&T Innovation(No.2021R52012)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Projects of Zhejiang Province(No.2022C03112)the Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of Leading Talents in Colleges and Universities(No.2020099)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the trend of glaucoma internal filtration surgeries for inpatients between 2015 and 2021 at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.METHODS:A review of the medical records of inpatients who had been diagnosed with glaucoma and received antiglaucoma surgery between January 1,2015 and December 31,2021 was conducted.The glaucoma diagnosis in this study included primary open angle glaucoma,primary angleclosure glaucoma,secondary glaucoma,and paediatric glaucoma.The types of surgeries were categorised as internal filtration,external filtration,and cyclodestruction surgery based on the pathway of aqueous humor outflow.The trend of these glaucoma surgeries in the sample of patients with different types of glaucoma was then analysed.RESULTS:The number of patients hospitalised for glaucoma surgery increased yearly,from 752 in 2015 to 1373 in 2021,at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.Regarding the patients diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma,internal filtration surgery increased from 27.40%of the sample to 54.40%of the sample,while external filtration surgery decreased from 71.50%to 44.20%between 2015 and 2021.For paediatric glaucoma,internal filtration surgery increased from 37.50%in 2015 to 88.20%in 2021.Whilst different types of surgeries were performed on the sample of patients with secondary glaucoma,the proportion of internal filtration surgery also showed an increase from 18.20%in 2015 to 40.90%in 2021.Meanwhile,internal filtration surgery in the patient sample with primary angle-closure glaucoma already accounted for over 70.00%in 2015,and showed a small increase by 2021.CONCLUSION:As surgical technology and surgical experience continue to elevate and improve,the range of glaucoma surgeries are correspondingly evolving.This study find that internal filtration surgeries accounted for an increasing proportion of treatments in the surgical management of glaucoma between 2015 and 2021.
文摘Dear Editor,We present the first time,a case of a patient developed cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)leak and pneumocranium following optic canal decompression(OCD).INTRODUCTION Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy(ITON)impairs visual functions and quality of life.Endoscopic transnasal optic canal decompression(ETOCD)is one of the standard treatment strategies for the ITON.During the ETOCD,the optic nerve sheath are usually incised for sufficient decompression of optic nerve after removal of optic canal,which is associated with complications like CSF leakage,ophthalmic artery injury,and optic nerve injury[1].Generally,the mild CSF leak is common and can heal spontaneously using conventional treatment,the severe CSF leak requires surgical repair[2].
基金Supported by Zhejiang Province University Student Planted Talent Plan(No.2015R413023)Public Welfare Social Development Science and Technology Project of Wenzhou Science and Technologies Bureau(No.Y20160443)。
文摘AIM:To explore the topographic distribution features of choroidal thickness(CT)and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFLT),and determine the relationship between CT and ocular parameters in school-aged children.METHODS:The healthy school-aged children with low ametropia or emmetropia in Wenzhou were recruited for this cross-sectional study.With high-density optical coherence tomography(HD-OCT)combined with MATLAB software,the CT and RNFLT values in the macular area were measured at different locations and compared.Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between CT and ophthalmic parameters,such as spherical equivalent(SE)and the axial length(AL).RESULTS:A total of 279 school-aged children with8.00±1.35 years of mean age(range,6-10 y)were included.The mean AL was 23.66±0.86 mm.The mean CT in CT-C(264.31±48.93μm)was thicker than that in CT-N1(249.54±50.52μm),and the average CT in the parafoveal region was also thicker than that in CT-N2(235.65±50.63μm).The subfoveal CT also varied substantially across refractive errors(P<0.001),and those with myopia(250.59±47.01μm)exhibited a thinner choroid compared with those with emmetropia(278.74±48.06μm).CT negatively correlated with AL(y=-21.72 x+779.17;R^2=0.1458),and positively correlated with SE(y=15.76 x+271.9;R^2=0.0727.OD;y=18.31 x+269.8;R^2=0.1007.OS).The average RNFLT was thickest in the peripapillary region(236.35±19.03μm),the mean RNFLT-S(131.10±15.16μm)was thicker than the RNFLT-I(128.20±16.59μm),and the mean RNFLT-T(76.54±11.99μm)was thicker than the RNFLT-N(64.28±8.55μm).The variations in the RNFLT between quadrants did differ between those with myopia and emmetropia(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:We establish demographic information for the choroid and RNFLT.These findings provide information that should be considered in future analyses of the CT and RNFLT in OCT studies in school-aged children.
基金Supported by Wenzhou Technology Program(No.Y20160148).
文摘AIM:To investigate the foveal pit morphology changes in unaffected carriers and affected Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy(LHON)patients with the G11778 A mutation from one family.METHODS:This study was a prospective cross-sectional study.Both eyes from 16 family members(age from 9 to 47 y)with the G11778 A mutation were analyzed and compared with 1 eye from 20 normal control subjects.Eleven family members with the G11778 A mutation but without optic neuropathy were classified as unaffected carriers(n=22 eyes).Five family members(n=10 eyes)expressed the LHON phenotype and were classified as affected patients.Retinal images of all the subjects were taken by optical coherence tomography(OCT),and an automatic algorithm was used to segment the retina to eight layers.Horizontal and vertical OCT images centered on the fovea were used to measure intra-retinal layer thicknesses and foveal morphometry.RESULTS:Thicker foveal thickness,thinner foveal pit depth,and flatter foveal slopes were observed in unaffected carriers and affected LHON patients(all P<0.001).Further,the slopes of all four sectors in the LHON were flatter than those in the unaffected carriers(all P<0.001).Compared with the control group,affected LHON patients had a thinner retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL),ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer(GCL+IPL),and total retina(all P<0.01).The retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)of affected patients was 38.0%thinner than that of controls while the GCL+IPL was 40.1%thinner.CONCLUSION:The foveal pit morphology shows changes in both unaffected carriers and affects patients.RNFL and GCL+IPL are thinner in affected LHON patients but not in unaffected carriers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81473295(to ZMS),81373312(to XZ)and 81371028(to WCW)
文摘Chalcone is a plant metabolite widely found in fruits,vegetables,spices and tea,and has anti-tumor,anti-inflammation,immunomodulation,antibacterial and anti-oxidation activities,as well as many other pharmacological and biological effects.Our team has shown that its analogs have antioxidant activity,and oxidative stress is a pathological hallmark of retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury that can lead to retinal damage and visual loss.This investigation aims to identify a chalcone that protects retinal ganglion cells in vitro from the effects of oxidative stress and examine its mechanism.Rat retinal ganglion cell-5 cells were pretreated with chalcones and then exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide that causes oxidative damage.Controls received dimethyl sulfoxide only or tert-butyl hydroperoxide in dimethyl sulfoxide.Only(E)-3,4-dihydroxy-2′-methylether ketone(L2 H17),of the five chalcone analogs,markedly increased the survival rate of oxidatively injured RGC-5 cells.Thus,subsequent experiments only analyzed the results of the L2 H17 intervention.Cell viability and apoptosis were measured.Intracellular superoxide dismutase and reactive oxygen species levels were used to assess induced oxidative stress.The mechanism of action by L2 H17 was explored by measuring the ER stress/UPR pathway and the expression and localization of Nrf2.All results demonstrated that L2 H17 could reduce the apoptosis of oxidatively injured cells,inhibit caspase-3 activity,increase Bcl-2 expression,decrease Bad expression,increase the activity of superoxide dismutase,inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species,increase Nrf2 immunoreactivity,and reduce the activating transcription factor 4,phospho-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and CHOP expression.L2 H17 protects retinal ganglion cells induced by oxidative stress by regulating Nrf2,which indicates that it has the potential to become a drug for retinal ischemia/reperfusion.
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research Program(2013CB967502,2013CB967503)Most Major Projects(2012YQ12008004)+1 种基金Qianjiang Talents Project(2012R10072)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LR13H120001)
文摘AIM: To identify the mutations in RS1 gene associated with typical phenotype of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis(XLRS) and a rare condition of concomitant glaucoma. ·METHODS: Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed in the proband. The coding regions of the RS1 gene that encode retinoschisin were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced. ·RESULTS: The proband showed a typical phenotype of XLRS with large peripheral retinal schisis in both eyes,involving the macula and combined with foveal cystic change,reducing visual acuity. A typical phenotype of recurrent glaucoma with high intraocular pressure(IOP) and reduced visual field was also demonstrated with the patient. Mutation analysis of RS1 gene revealed R102W(c.304C>T) mutations in the affected male,and his mother was proved to be a carrier with the causative mutation and another synonymous polymorphism(c.576C>CT). ·CONCLUSION: We identified the genetic variations of a Chinese family with typical phenotype of XLRS and glaucoma. The severe XLRS phenotypes associated with R102W mutations reveal that the mutation determines a notable alteration in the function of the retinoschisin protein. Identification of the disease-causing mutation is beneficial for future clinical references.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No.LQ18H120004)Wenzhou Basic Medical and Health Technology Project (No.Y2020364)。
文摘AIM:To estimate the prevalence of diabetic macular edema(DME) and clinically significant macular edema(CSME),and to assess their risk factors in a population with type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM) located in northeast China.METHODS:Patients were included from the Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study(FS-DIRECT),a community-based study conducted in northeast China.The presence of DME and CSME was determined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS) retinopathy scale of fundus photographs.The age-standardized prevalence of DME and CSME was estimated.The association between DME/CSME and risk factors was analyzed in a multivariate Logistical analysis.RESULTS:A total of 292(15.4%) and 166(8.8%) patients were diagnosed as DME and CSME,yielding the age and sex standardized prevalence of 13.5%(95%CI:11.9%-15.0%),and 7.1%(95%CI:5.9%-8.3%),respectively.Female patients had a higher prevalence of DME compared to their male counterparts(15.7% vs 10.4%,P=0.03).Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that younger age,insulin use,proteinuria,longer duration of diabetes,and higher glycosylated hemoglobin A1c,were associated with the prevalence of DME and CSME.Patients with higher fasting plasma glucose,systolic blood pressure,and blood urea nitrogen were also found to be associated with DME.CONCLUSION:Early fundus screening in diabetic patients is invaluable and given the relatively high prevalence of DME and CSME in this study cohort,those with a high risk of sight threatening maculopathy would invariably benefit from earlier detection.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81770926)the Natural Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1101200)。
文摘To assess all available data to compare the efficacy of glucocorticoids treatment and orbital decompression for dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON).PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library databases as well as other sources were searched by two independent reviewers followed by extensive hand-searching for the identification of relevant studies.The primary outcomes were the improvement in visual acuity and responder rate.Secondary outcomes were the proptosis reduction,change in diplopia,and clinical activity score(CAS).One randomized controlled trial,three retrospective case series and one prospective case series met the inclusion criteria.They were divided into intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids(ivGC)group and orbital decompression(OD)group.Both groups demonstrated improvement in visual acuity.In addition,the proportion of patients with improved vision in OD group was higher than that in ivGC group(P<0.001).Post-treatment proptosis reduction was also reported in both groups.Overall,weighted mean in proptosis reduction estimated at 1.64 and 5.45 mm in patients treated with ivGC and OD respectively.This study also presented results regarding pre-existing and new-onset diplopia.Apart from diplopia,a wide variety of minor and major complications were noted in 5 included studies.The most common complication in ivGC group and OD group was Cushing's syndrome and epistaxis respectively.The present systematic review shows that both glucocorticoids treatment and OD are effective in treating DON and OD may work better in improving visual acuity and reducing proptosis.However,high-quality,large-sample,controlled studies need to be performed in the future.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ18H120004)the Innovation Research Project of the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University(No.YNCX201308).
文摘AIM:To investigate the depressive state among the patients with symptomatic vitreous floaters(SVF),as well as its change after SVF removal via vitrectomy surgery.METHODS:Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients who underwent 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for SVF were included.Thirty-nine eyes of 39 age-and gendermatched healthy volunteers without SVF were also recruited as a healthy control.Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression(CES-D)was used to assess volunteers and patients’depression(before and 1 wk after PPV).RESULTS:The CES-D score was 18.3±8.6 for patients,and was 12.4±6.0 for healthy control(P=0.003).Patients were significantly more likely to be in a depressive state(53.6%,defined as CES-D score≥16)than the healthy control(20.5%,P=0.005).For patients with SVF,the CES-D score was negatively correlated with their age(rs=-0.42,P=0.025).After PPV,both the CES-D score(11.9±5.4 vs 18.3±8.6,P<0.001)and proportion of depressive state(18.5%vs 53.6%,P=0.005)were significantly decreased.CONCLUSION:This study suggests that symptoms of vitreous floaters have an apparently negative impact on patients’psychological state.The PPV can effectively relieve the depressive state for patients with SVF.
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of baffle and intraocular pressure(IOP) on the aerosols generated in the noncontact tonometer(NCT) measurement and provide recommendations for the standardized use of the NCT during coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). METHODS: This clinical trial included 252 subjects(312 eyes) in The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University from March 7, 2020, to March 28, 2020. Sixty subjects(120 eyes) with normal IOP were divided into two groups. One group used an NCT without a baffle, another group used an NCT with a baffle. Another 192 subjects(192 eyes) were divided into four groups: Group A;(without a baffle+normal IOP), Group A;(without a baffle+high IOP), Group B;(with a baffle+normal IOP) and Group B;(with a baffle+high IOP). Particulate matter(PM) 2.5 and PM10 generated by all subjects were quantified during the NCT measurement. The IOP values were recorded simultaneously. Effects of baffle and IOP on aerosols generated during the NCT measurement were analyzed.RESULTS: In the normal eye group with a baffle, the aerosol density decreased in a wave-like shape near the NCT with the increase in the number of people measured for IOP, demonstrating no cumulative effect. However, in the normal eye group without a baffle, there was a cumulative effect. PM2.5 and PM10 in Group A;were higher than Group A;(both P<0.001). The PM2.5 and PM10 in Group B;were higher than Group B;(P<0.01, P<0.001 respectively). The PM10 of Group B;was lower than Group A;(P<0.01). PM2.5 in Group B;were lower than Group A;(P<0.01). The median of per capita PM2.5 and PM10 in the combined Group A;+A;were 0.80 and 1.10 μg/m;respectively, which were higher than 0.20 and 0.60 μg/m;in the combined Group B;+B;(both P<0.01). The median of per capita PM2.5 and PM10 in the combined Group A;+B;were 0.10 and 0.20 μg/m;respectively, which were lower than 1.30 and 1.70 μg/m;in the combined Group A;+B;(both P<0.001).CONCLUSION: More aerosols could be generated in patients with high IOP. After the NCT is equipped with a baffle, per capita aerosol density generated decreased significantly near the NCT;And with the increase in the number of people measured for IOP, the aerosols gradually dissipated near the NCT, demonstrating no cumulative effect. Therefore, it is suggested that the NCT should be equipped with a baffle, especially for patients with high IOP.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Benefiting Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2014H01007)the Zhejiang Medical Science and Technology Program(No.2018KY543)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the knowledge,attitudes,and practices regarding eye-care seeking practices of visually impaired adults in a rural area Yueqing,and explore factors influencing their behavior.METHODS:A stratified sampling method was used to select 48 villages in Yueqing,from which 2400 people were selected to receive vision screenings conducted by oculists during a household visit.Those presenting visual acuity≥0.5 log MAR in either eye completed a self-designed questionnaire investigating their knowledge about medical eye-care seeking,attitudes about eye health and eye-careseeking behavior.RESULTS:Totally 165 people with moderate-to-severe visual impairment were identified(6.9%,165/2400),and 146 eligible participants were recruited(response rate:88.4%,mean age:68.6±15.0 y),among which 88(60.3%)were female.They had 82(56.2%)and 64(43.8%)monocular and binocular visual impairments respectively.A total of 67(45.9%)subjects demonstrated a high knowledge level about medical eye-care seeking and 88(60.3%)had self-rated poor vision,with 23(15%)receiving regular vision checks.The 105(71.9%)subjects had never been to hospital for an eye examination."No need"and"schedule conflicts"were the main reasons for not seeking eye care.Having extensive knowledge of medical eye-care seeking was positively associated with high education levels(OR=3.73,P=0.045)and negatively correlated with older age(OR=0.97,P=0.043).Both the self-perceived vision condition(OR=2.59,P=0.03)and regular vision check behavior(OR=6.50,P<0.01)were related with seeking eye care services.CONCLUSION:In rural Yueqing,intervention is required to increase public knowledge about seeking medical eye care among people with moderate-to-severe visual impairment,especially for the elderly and poorly education.Regular vision checks may be useful to promote their medical eye-care utilization.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81873683)。
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of school-basedcomprehensive intervention on myopia development inelementary school children.METHODS:As a part of the Wenzhou Epidemiologyof Refraction Error Study,there were 1524 participatingelementary students(730 girls,47.9%)in grades 1 to3 from three campuses of one school,aged 7.3±0.9y,who were examined twice every year for a 2.5y follow upperiod.Comprehensive intervention and other reminderswere given at school every semester for the interventiongroup.The control group did not receive comprehensiveintervention and did not have reminders of it.RESULTS:There were 651 students in the interventiongroup[mean age 7.3±0.9y;294(45.2%)girls]and 737students in the control group[mean age 7.2±0.9y;346(46.9%)girls].Overall mean myopia progression duringthe 2.5y follow-up was-0.49±1.04 diopters(D)in theintervention group and-0.65±1.08 D in the control group(P=0.004).The majority that not get myopia at baselinespherical equivalent(SE≤-1.0 D).Their mean myopiaprogression during the 2.5y follow-up was-0.37±0.89 Din the intervention group and-0.51±0.93 D in the controlgroup(27.5%reduction,P=0.009);Overall,mean axiallength elongation was less in the intervention group(0.56±0.32 mm)than in the control group(0.61±0.38 mm,10.5%reduction,P=0.009).The percentage of close reading distance(<30 cm)in the intervention group was less than in the control group(73.4%vs 76.2%,P<0.001),the percentage of everyday perform eye exercises in the intervention group was more than in the control group(27.8%vs 20.7%,P<0.001)30mo later.CONCLUSION:The comprehensive intervention program at elementary school has a significant alleviating effect on myopia progression for children during the 2.5y follow-up,especially for those non-myopia at baseline.
基金This study is funded by Wenzhou Medical University R&D Fund(No.QTJ13009)Zhejiang Province Health Innovation Talents Fund(No.2016025).
文摘The Handan Offspring Myopia Study(HOMS)is the first offspring eye study in a Chinese population.The study design is based on another representative study,Handan Eye Study.In this study,we found 1 diopter(D)of generational myopic shift,a weak protective effect of the outdoor activity on myopia,and a modest protective effect of the eye exercises of acupoints on myopia,among the rural children in the northern area.
基金Supported by Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2020KY654).
文摘AIM:To evaluate whether a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib could inhibit basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)simultaneously for retinal vascular disease in vivo.METHODS:After a laser induced rabbit retinal vein occlusion(RVO)model was made,0.5 mg of nintedanib was injected intravitreally in the left eye on the third day while the right eye was as a control.Intracameral samples were taken on the day before laser treatment and days 1,3,7,14,21,and 28 after treatment.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to test the bFGF and VEGF-A concentrations in the aqueous humor.RESULTS:Both bFGF and VEGF-A rose significantly on the third day after laser treatment in both eyes.In the control eye the bFGF concentration peaked on the 14th day while the VEGF-A concentration dropped rapidly soon after the third day.After nintadanib injection in the study eye,both bFGF and VEGF-A showed a significant reduction on the 4th day(7th day after laser treatment)when compared to the control eye,and kept on low level in the following several weeks.CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection of nintedanib can inhibit the expression of bFGF and VEGF in the process of RVO model to a certain extent,which is expected to become a new method for the treatment of retinal vascular diseases or fibrotic diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(32001008,32171394,31901053,32101157,32101148,82202338,China)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2021YFA1201000,2021YFE0106900,2021YFC2302400)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022CX01013,China)Beijing Nova Program(Interdisciplinary Cooperation Project)from Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(20220484207,China).
文摘Small interfering RNA(siRNA)has a promising future in the treatment of ocular diseases due to its high efficiency,specificity,and low toxicity in inhibiting the expression of target genes and proteins.However,due to the unique anatomical structure of the eye and various barriers,delivering nucleic acids to the retina remains a significant challenge.In this study,we rationally design PACD,an A-B-C type non-viral vector copolymer composed of a hydrophilic PEG block(A),a siRNA binding block(B)and a pH-responsive block(C).PACDs can self-assemble into nanosized polymeric micelles that compact siRNAs into polyplexes through simple mixing.By evaluating its pH-responsive activity,gene silencing efficiency in retinal cells,intraocular distribution,and anti-angiogenesis therapy in a mouse model of hypoxia-induced angiogenesis,we demonstrate the efficiency and safety of PACD in delivering siRNA in the retina.We are surprised to discover that,the PACD/siRNA polyplexes exhibit remarkable intracellular endosomal escape efficiency,excellent gene silencing,and inhibit retinal angiogenesis.Our study provides design guidance for developing efficient nonviral ocular nucleic acid delivery systems.
文摘AIM: To evaluate contrast visual acuity(CVA) after implantation of an aspheric apodized diffractive intraocular lens(IOL) or a spherical apodized diffractive IOL in cataract surgery. ·METHODS: This prospective randomized controlled study with a 12-month follow-up compared the results of cataract surgery with implantation of an aspheric AcrySof ReSTOR SN6AD3 IOL(30 eyes) and a spherical AcrySof ReSTOR SN60D3 IOL(30 eyes). CVA with best distance correction was measured at 4 contrast levels(100%,25%,10% and 5%) under 3 levels of chart luminance [250,85 and 25 candelas per square meter(cd/m2)] using a multi-functional visual acuity tester(MFVA-100). ·RESULTS: At 12 months after surgery,there were no statistically significant differences in 100% CVA and 25% CVA under 250cd/m2(P100% =0.875 and P25% =0.057) and 85cd/m2(P100% =0.198 and P25% =0.193) between the aspheric group and the spherical group. However,the 10% CVA and 5% CVA were significant better in aspheric group than spherical group under 250cd/m2(P10% =0.042 and P5% = 0.007) and 85cd/m2(P10% =0.002 and P5%=0.039). Under the luminance level of 25cd/m 2,no significant differences was found in the 100% CVA between the 2 group(P100% = 0.245),while aspheric group had better visual acuity in the remaining 3 contracts(P25% =0.023,P10% =0.026 and P5% = 0.002,respectively). ·CONCULSION: The aspheric AcrySof ReSTOR SN6AD3 IOL provided patients with better low-contrast visual acuity than the spherical AcrySof ReSTOR SN60D3 IOL.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the relationship between contrast sensitivity(CS) and corneal shape following overnight orthokeratology(OK). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective clinical study of 80 lens-wearing myopia patients, all of whom had undergone OK and had been evaluated by Orbscan II topography. We measured the surface irregularity index(SIRI) of corneal topography at 3 and 5 mm, the size of the flattened central corneal curvature of OK lens(zone A), the size of the cornea altered by OK lens(zone B), the size of the pupillary area at the corneal level(zone C), the area of crossover between zones A and C(zone AC), the area of crossover between zones B and C(BC), the ratio of BC to B(BC/B), and the ratio of AC to C(AC/C). CS was evaluated using the CSV-1000 with spatial frequencies of 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles/degree(CPD). RESULTS: Multiple correlation analyses indicated significant negative correlations between CS, zone C, BC/B, and 3-mm SIRI(all P<0.01). There were no significant differences between CS, zone B, AC/A, or 5-mm SIRI(P=0.60, 0.94 and 0.11, respectively). Zone C was negatively correlated with 3, 6, 12, and 18 CPD. 5-mm SIRI were negatively correlated with 6, 12, and 18 CPD. BC/C was negatively correlated with 6 and 18 CPD. AC/C was positively correlated with 3 CPD. CONCLUSION: Zone C, 3-mm SIRI and BC/B affect the CS following overnight OK.
基金Supported by the Plan of Wenzhou Science and Technology(No.Y20160439)
文摘AIM:To compare the diagnostic performance of isolatedcheck visual evoked potential(ic VEP) and standard automated perimetry(SAP),for evaluating the application values of ic VEP in the detection of early glaucoma.METHODS:Totally 144 subjects(288 eyes) were enrolled in this study.ic VEP testing was performed with the Neucodia visual electrophysiological diagnostic system.A 15% positive-contrast(bright) condition pattern was used in this device to differentiate between glaucoma patients and healthy control subjects.Signal-to-noise ratios(SNR) were derived based on a multivariate statistic.The eyes were judged as abnormal if the test yielded an SNR≤1.SAP testing was performed with the Humphrey Field Analyzer II.The visual fields were deemed as abnormality if the glaucoma hemifield test results outside normal limits;or the pattern standard deviation with P<0.05;or the cluster of three or more non-edge points on the pattern deviation plot in a single hemifield with P<0.05,one of which must have a P<0.01.Disc photographs were graded as either glaucomatous optic neuropathy or normal by two experts who were masked to all other patient information.Moorfields regression analysis(MRA) used as a separate diagnostic classification was performed by Heidelberg retina tomograph(HRT).RESULTS:When the disc photograph grader was used as diagnostic standard,the sensitivity for SAP and ic VEP was 32.3% and 38.5% respectively and specificity was 82.3% and 77.8% respectively.When the MRA Classifier was used as the diagnostic standard,the sensitivity for SAP and ic VEP was 48.6% and 51.4% respectively and specificity was 84.1% and 78.0% respectively.When the combined structural assessment was used as the diagnostic standard,the sensitivity for SAP and ic VEP was 59.2%and 53.1% respectively and specificity was 84.2% and 84.6% respectivlely.There was no statistical significance between the sensitivity or specificity of SAP and ic VEP,regardless of which diagnostic standard was based on.CONCLUSION:The diagnostic performance of ic VEP is not better than that of SAP in the detection of early glaucoma.
