The influences of biological,chemical,and flow processes on soil structure through microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)are not yet fully understood.In this study,we use a multi-level thresholding segmenta...The influences of biological,chemical,and flow processes on soil structure through microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)are not yet fully understood.In this study,we use a multi-level thresholding segmentation algorithm,genetic algorithm(GA)enhanced Kapur entropy(KE)(GAE-KE),to accomplish quantitative characterization of sandy soil structure altered by MICP cementation.A sandy soil sample was treated using MICP method and scanned by the synchrotron radiation(SR)micro-CT with a resolution of 6.5 mm.After validation,tri-level thresholding segmentation using GAE-KE successfully separated the precipitated calcium carbonate crystals from sand particles and pores.The spatial distributions of porosity,pore structure parameters,and flow characteristics were calculated for quantitative characterization.The results offer pore-scale insights into the MICP treatment effect,and the quantitative understanding confirms the feasibility of the GAE-KE multi-level thresholding segmentation algorithm.展开更多
After the Industrial Revolution,the ever-increasing atmospheric CO_(2)concentration has resulted in significant problems for human beings.Nearly all countries in the world are actively taking measures to fight for car...After the Industrial Revolution,the ever-increasing atmospheric CO_(2)concentration has resulted in significant problems for human beings.Nearly all countries in the world are actively taking measures to fight for carbon neutrality.In recent years,negative carbon emission technologies have attracted much attention due to their ability to reduce or recycle excess CO_(2)in the atmosphere.This review summarizes the state-of-the-art negative carbon emission technologies,from the artificial enhancement of natural carbon sink technology to the physical,chemical,or biological methods for carbon capture,as well as CO_(2)utilization and conversion.Finally,we expound on the challenges and outlook for improving negative carbon emission technology to accelerate the pace of achieving carbon neutrality.展开更多
Non-precious metal single-atom catalysts(NPM-SACs)with unique electronic structures and coordination environments have gained much attention in electrocatalysis owing to their low cost,high atomic utilization,and high...Non-precious metal single-atom catalysts(NPM-SACs)with unique electronic structures and coordination environments have gained much attention in electrocatalysis owing to their low cost,high atomic utilization,and high performance.NPM-SACs on carbon support(NPM-SACs/CS)are promising because of the carbon substrate with a large surface area,excellent electrical conductivity,and high chemical stability.This review provides an overview of recent developments in NPM-SACs/CS for the electrocatalytic field.First,the state-of-the-art synthesis methods and advanced characterization techniques of NPM-SACs/CS are discussed in detail.Then,the structural adjustment strategy of NPM-SACs/CS for optimizing electrocatalytic performance is introduced concisely.Furthermore,we provide a comprehensive summary of recent advances in developing NPM-SACs/CS for important electrochemical reactions,including carbon dioxide reduction reaction,hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction,oxygen reduction reaction,and nitrogen reduction reaction.In the end,the existing challenges and future opportunities of NPM-SACs/CS in the electrocatalytic field are highlighted.展开更多
The increasingly severe energy crisis has strengthened the determination to develop environmentally friendly energy.And hydrogen has emerged as a candi-date for clean energy.Among many hydrogen generation methods,bioh...The increasingly severe energy crisis has strengthened the determination to develop environmentally friendly energy.And hydrogen has emerged as a candi-date for clean energy.Among many hydrogen generation methods,biohydrogen stands out due to its environmental sustainability,simple operating environ-ment,and cost advantages.This review focuses on the rational design of catalysts for fermentative hydrogen production.The principles of microbial dark fermen-tation and photo-fermentation are elucidated exhaustively.Various strategies to increase the efficiency of fermentative hydrogen production are summa-rized,and some recent representative works from microbial dark fermentation and photo-fermentation are described.Meanwhile,perspectives and discussions on the rational design of catalysts for fermentative hydrogen production are provided.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42077232 and 42077235)the Key Research and Development Plan of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BE2022156).
文摘The influences of biological,chemical,and flow processes on soil structure through microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)are not yet fully understood.In this study,we use a multi-level thresholding segmentation algorithm,genetic algorithm(GA)enhanced Kapur entropy(KE)(GAE-KE),to accomplish quantitative characterization of sandy soil structure altered by MICP cementation.A sandy soil sample was treated using MICP method and scanned by the synchrotron radiation(SR)micro-CT with a resolution of 6.5 mm.After validation,tri-level thresholding segmentation using GAE-KE successfully separated the precipitated calcium carbonate crystals from sand particles and pores.The spatial distributions of porosity,pore structure parameters,and flow characteristics were calculated for quantitative characterization.The results offer pore-scale insights into the MICP treatment effect,and the quantitative understanding confirms the feasibility of the GAE-KE multi-level thresholding segmentation algorithm.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(22176086)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210189)+2 种基金State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse(PCRR-ZZ-202106)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(021114380183,021114380189),China Association for Science and Technology(20220615ZZ08010008)the Research Funds from Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling of Nanjing University,and Research Funds for Jiangsu Distinguished Professor.H.L.and H.R.would like to acknowledge the support from China Association for Sci-ence and Technology(20220615ZZ08010008).
文摘After the Industrial Revolution,the ever-increasing atmospheric CO_(2)concentration has resulted in significant problems for human beings.Nearly all countries in the world are actively taking measures to fight for carbon neutrality.In recent years,negative carbon emission technologies have attracted much attention due to their ability to reduce or recycle excess CO_(2)in the atmosphere.This review summarizes the state-of-the-art negative carbon emission technologies,from the artificial enhancement of natural carbon sink technology to the physical,chemical,or biological methods for carbon capture,as well as CO_(2)utilization and conversion.Finally,we expound on the challenges and outlook for improving negative carbon emission technology to accelerate the pace of achieving carbon neutrality.
基金support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711553).Y.W.would like to acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22171132)the Innovation Fund from Nanjing University(020514913419)+5 种基金the Program for Innovative Talents and Entrepreneurs in Jiangsu(020513006012 and 020513006014),and the National Key R&D Program of China(2002YFB3607000).W.Z.would like to acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22176086)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210189)State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse(PCRR-ZZ-202106)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(021114380183,021114380189 and 021114380199)the Research Funds from the Nanjing Science and Technology Innovation Project for Chinese Scholars Studying Abroad(13006003)the Research Funds from Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling of Nanjing University,and Research Funds for Jiangsu Distinguished Professor.Y.L.would like to thank the support from the Washington State University startup fund.
文摘Non-precious metal single-atom catalysts(NPM-SACs)with unique electronic structures and coordination environments have gained much attention in electrocatalysis owing to their low cost,high atomic utilization,and high performance.NPM-SACs on carbon support(NPM-SACs/CS)are promising because of the carbon substrate with a large surface area,excellent electrical conductivity,and high chemical stability.This review provides an overview of recent developments in NPM-SACs/CS for the electrocatalytic field.First,the state-of-the-art synthesis methods and advanced characterization techniques of NPM-SACs/CS are discussed in detail.Then,the structural adjustment strategy of NPM-SACs/CS for optimizing electrocatalytic performance is introduced concisely.Furthermore,we provide a comprehensive summary of recent advances in developing NPM-SACs/CS for important electrochemical reactions,including carbon dioxide reduction reaction,hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction,oxygen reduction reaction,and nitrogen reduction reaction.In the end,the existing challenges and future opportunities of NPM-SACs/CS in the electrocatalytic field are highlighted.
基金support from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20210189)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22176086)+5 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (021114380183,021114380189,and 021114380199)the Research Funds from Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling of Nanjing University,the Research Funds for Jiangsu Distinguished Professorthe Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Technological Innovation Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BE2022861)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272138 and 81971738)Jiangsu Province Outstanding Youth Fund (BK20220086)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52276177).
基金W.Z.would like to acknowledge the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:22176086)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(grant number:BK20210189)+2 种基金State Key laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse(grant number:PCRR-ZZ-202106)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant number:021114380183 and 021114380189)the Research Funds from Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling of Nanjing University,and Research Funds for Jiangsu Distinguished Professor.Y.L.would like to acknowledge the start-up fund from Washington State University.
文摘The increasingly severe energy crisis has strengthened the determination to develop environmentally friendly energy.And hydrogen has emerged as a candi-date for clean energy.Among many hydrogen generation methods,biohydrogen stands out due to its environmental sustainability,simple operating environ-ment,and cost advantages.This review focuses on the rational design of catalysts for fermentative hydrogen production.The principles of microbial dark fermen-tation and photo-fermentation are elucidated exhaustively.Various strategies to increase the efficiency of fermentative hydrogen production are summa-rized,and some recent representative works from microbial dark fermentation and photo-fermentation are described.Meanwhile,perspectives and discussions on the rational design of catalysts for fermentative hydrogen production are provided.
