When a pico satellite is under normal operational condi- tions, whether it is extended or unscented, a conventional Kalman filter gives sufficiently good estimation results. However, if the measurements are not reliab...When a pico satellite is under normal operational condi- tions, whether it is extended or unscented, a conventional Kalman filter gives sufficiently good estimation results. However, if the measurements are not reliable because of any kind of malfunc- tions in the estimation system, the Kalman filter gives inaccurate results and diverges by time. This study compares two different robust Kalman filtering algorithms, robust extended Kalman filter （REKF） and robust unscented Kalman filter （RUKF）, for the case of measurement malfunctions. In both filters, by the use of de- fined variables named as the measurement noise scale factor, the faulty measurements are taken into the consideration with a small weight, and the estimations are corrected without affecting the characteristic of the accurate ones. The proposed robust Kalman filters are applied for the attitude estimation process of a pico satel- lite, and the results are compared.展开更多
In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the pathways contributing to ATP release from mouse astrocytes during hypoosmotic stress. We first examined the expression of mRNAs for proteins constituting possible ATP- re...In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the pathways contributing to ATP release from mouse astrocytes during hypoosmotic stress. We first examined the expression of mRNAs for proteins constituting possible ATP- releasing pathways that have been suggested over the past several years. In RT-PCR analysis using both control and osmotically swollen astrocytes, amplification of cDNA fragments of expected size was seen for connexins （Cx32, Cx37, Cx43）, pannexin 1 （Pxl）, the P2X7 receptor, MRP1 and MDR1, but not CFTR. Inhibitors of exocytotic vesicular release, gap junction hemi-channels, CFTR, MRP1, MDR1, the P2X7 receptor, and volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying chloride channels had no significant effects on the massive ATP release from astrocytes. In contrast, the hypotonicity-induced ATP release from astrocytes was most effectively inhibited by gadolinium （50 μM）, an inhibitor of the maxi-anion channel, which has recently been shown to serve as a pathway for ATP release from several other cell types. Thus, we propose that the maxi-anion channel constitutes a major pathway for swelling-induced ATP release from cultured mouse astrocytes as well.展开更多
The Soya Coast in East Antarctica has several ice-free areas where many small （〈1 km2） and shallow （〈50 m depth） glacial lakes display various limnological features. Geological, biological, and ecological studie...The Soya Coast in East Antarctica has several ice-free areas where many small （〈1 km2） and shallow （〈50 m depth） glacial lakes display various limnological features. Geological, biological, and ecological studies conducted by the Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions since 1957 are reviewed herein. Most of the lakes along the coast are oligotrophic; however, water quality is highly variable depending on differences in lake morphology and history. Geophysical and paleolimnological studies suggest that most of the lakes appeared after the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） and have since maintained a lacustrine condition. The ubiquitous occurrence of benthic microbial assemblages with low phytoplankton biomasses is a common feature of other Antarctic lakes. However, diverse benthic assemblages such as moss pillars and large pinnacle microbial structures are found in the lake basins. Frequent and continuous limnological studies have revealed three typical water circulation patterns, underwater light climate features （too much light, which includes UV radiation during the ice free season）, and the structure of benthic assemblages based on their photosynthetic physiology. The phenomenon of mass floatation of benthic assemblages was observed in a lake during the ice-covered season; this was explained by seasonal environmental conditions. Thus, a hypothesis was formulated based on ecological matter cycling, eutrophication, and lake succession processes.展开更多
Coherent magnetic fluctuations in an acoustic range of frequency have been regularly observed in low-density（n_e〈0.2×10^（19）m^（-3））plasmas with strong second harmonic electron cyclotron resonance heating（...Coherent magnetic fluctuations in an acoustic range of frequency have been regularly observed in low-density（n_e〈0.2×10^（19）m^（-3））plasmas with strong second harmonic electron cyclotron resonance heating（ECRH）on the Large Helical Device.Hard X-ray measurements indicated that energetic electrons are generated in these ECRH discharges.The magnetic fluctuations are suppressed in higher density discharges where energetic electrons are not present.The ECRH power modulation experiment indicated that the observed magnetohydrodynamic（MHD）mode has an acoustic nature rather than an Alfvenic nature.展开更多
Myelination is an essential feature of the vertebrate nervous system that provides electrical insulation to axons,thereby facilitating the transmission of nerve impulses.Deficiencies in myelination in diseases such as...Myelination is an essential feature of the vertebrate nervous system that provides electrical insulation to axons,thereby facilitating the transmission of nerve impulses.Deficiencies in myelination in diseases such as multiple sclerosis（MS）lead to serious neurological disorders.展开更多
This paper reports the results of field-based absolute gravity measurements aimed at detecting gravity change and crustal displacement caused by glacial isostatic adjustment. The project was initiated within the frame...This paper reports the results of field-based absolute gravity measurements aimed at detecting gravity change and crustal displacement caused by glacial isostatic adjustment. The project was initiated within the framework of the 53rd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition （JARE53）. Absolute gravity measurements, together with GPS measurements, were planned at several outcrops along the Prince Olav Coast and S6ya Coast of East Antarctica, including at Syowa Station. Since the icebreaker Shirase （AGB 5003） was unable to moor alongside Syowa Station, operations were somewhat restricted during JARE53. However, despite this setback, we were able to complete measurements at two sites： Syowa Station and Langhovde. The absolute gravity value at the Syowa Station IAGBN （A） site, observed using an FG-5 absolute gravimeter （serial number 210; FG-5 #210）, was 982 524 322.7＋0.1 ktGal, and the gravity change rate at the beginning of 2012 was -0.26 gGal.a-1. An absolute gravity value of 982 535 584.2~0.7 ktGal was obtained using a portable A-10 absolute gravimeter （serial number 017; A-10 #017） at the newly located site AGS01 in Langhovde.展开更多
From April to July 2018,a data sample at the peak energy of the T(4 S) resonance was collected with the Belle Ⅱ detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider.This is the first data sample of the Belle Ⅱ exper...From April to July 2018,a data sample at the peak energy of the T(4 S) resonance was collected with the Belle Ⅱ detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider.This is the first data sample of the Belle Ⅱ experiment.Using Bhabha and digamma events,we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample to be(496.3±0.3±3.0) pb-1,where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.This work provides a basis for future luminosity measurements at Belle Ⅱ.展开更多
We have isolated a recessive rice mutant, designated as indeterminate growth （ing）, which displays creeping and apparent heterochronic phenotypes in the vegetative period with lanky and winding culms. Rough mapping ...We have isolated a recessive rice mutant, designated as indeterminate growth （ing）, which displays creeping and apparent heterochronic phenotypes in the vegetative period with lanky and winding culms. Rough mapping and subsequent molecular characterization revealed that the ing mutant carries a large deletion, which corresponds to a 103 kb region in the Nipponbare genome, containing nine annotated genes on chromosome 3. Of these annotated genes, the SLR1 gene encoding a DELLA protein is the only one that is well characterized in its function, and its null mutation, which is caused by a single base deletion in the middle of the intronless SLR1 gene, confers a slender phenotype that bears close resemblance to the ing mutant phenotype. The primary cause of the ing mutant phenotype is the deletion of the SLR1 gene, and the ing mutant appears to be the first characterized mutant having the entire SLR1 sequence deleted. Our results also suggest that the deleted region of 103 kb does not contain an indispensable gene, whose dysfunction must result in a lethal phenotype.展开更多
VFIVE is a scientific visualization application for CAVE-type immersive virtual reality(VR)systems.The source codes are freely available.VFIVE is used as a research tool in various VR systems.It also lays the groundwo...VFIVE is a scientific visualization application for CAVE-type immersive virtual reality(VR)systems.The source codes are freely available.VFIVE is used as a research tool in various VR systems.It also lays the groundwork for developments of new visualization software for CAVEs.In this paper,we pick up five CAVE systems in four different institutions in Japan.Applications of VFIVE in each CAVE system are summarized.Special emphases will be placed on scientific and technical achievements made possible by VFIVE.展开更多
文摘When a pico satellite is under normal operational condi- tions, whether it is extended or unscented, a conventional Kalman filter gives sufficiently good estimation results. However, if the measurements are not reliable because of any kind of malfunc- tions in the estimation system, the Kalman filter gives inaccurate results and diverges by time. This study compares two different robust Kalman filtering algorithms, robust extended Kalman filter （REKF） and robust unscented Kalman filter （RUKF）, for the case of measurement malfunctions. In both filters, by the use of de- fined variables named as the measurement noise scale factor, the faulty measurements are taken into the consideration with a small weight, and the estimations are corrected without affecting the characteristic of the accurate ones. The proposed robust Kalman filters are applied for the attitude estimation process of a pico satel- lite, and the results are compared.
文摘In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the pathways contributing to ATP release from mouse astrocytes during hypoosmotic stress. We first examined the expression of mRNAs for proteins constituting possible ATP- releasing pathways that have been suggested over the past several years. In RT-PCR analysis using both control and osmotically swollen astrocytes, amplification of cDNA fragments of expected size was seen for connexins （Cx32, Cx37, Cx43）, pannexin 1 （Pxl）, the P2X7 receptor, MRP1 and MDR1, but not CFTR. Inhibitors of exocytotic vesicular release, gap junction hemi-channels, CFTR, MRP1, MDR1, the P2X7 receptor, and volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying chloride channels had no significant effects on the massive ATP release from astrocytes. In contrast, the hypotonicity-induced ATP release from astrocytes was most effectively inhibited by gadolinium （50 μM）, an inhibitor of the maxi-anion channel, which has recently been shown to serve as a pathway for ATP release from several other cell types. Thus, we propose that the maxi-anion channel constitutes a major pathway for swelling-induced ATP release from cultured mouse astrocytes as well.
基金partly supported by a grant from the Center for the Promotion of Integrated Sciences,the Graduate University for Advanced Studies(SOKENDAI),Japan and an NIPR publication subsidy
文摘The Soya Coast in East Antarctica has several ice-free areas where many small （〈1 km2） and shallow （〈50 m depth） glacial lakes display various limnological features. Geological, biological, and ecological studies conducted by the Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions since 1957 are reviewed herein. Most of the lakes along the coast are oligotrophic; however, water quality is highly variable depending on differences in lake morphology and history. Geophysical and paleolimnological studies suggest that most of the lakes appeared after the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） and have since maintained a lacustrine condition. The ubiquitous occurrence of benthic microbial assemblages with low phytoplankton biomasses is a common feature of other Antarctic lakes. However, diverse benthic assemblages such as moss pillars and large pinnacle microbial structures are found in the lake basins. Frequent and continuous limnological studies have revealed three typical water circulation patterns, underwater light climate features （too much light, which includes UV radiation during the ice free season）, and the structure of benthic assemblages based on their photosynthetic physiology. The phenomenon of mass floatation of benthic assemblages was observed in a lake during the ice-covered season; this was explained by seasonal environmental conditions. Thus, a hypothesis was formulated based on ecological matter cycling, eutrophication, and lake succession processes.
基金supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Scientists from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(No.20656150)supported by the JSPS-NRF-NSFC A3 Foresight Program in the field of Plasma Physics(NSFC:No.11261140328 and NRF:No.2012K2A2A6000443)
文摘Coherent magnetic fluctuations in an acoustic range of frequency have been regularly observed in low-density（n_e〈0.2×10^（19）m^（-3））plasmas with strong second harmonic electron cyclotron resonance heating（ECRH）on the Large Helical Device.Hard X-ray measurements indicated that energetic electrons are generated in these ECRH discharges.The magnetic fluctuations are suppressed in higher density discharges where energetic electrons are not present.The ECRH power modulation experiment indicated that the observed magnetohydrodynamic（MHD）mode has an acoustic nature rather than an Alfvenic nature.
文摘Myelination is an essential feature of the vertebrate nervous system that provides electrical insulation to axons,thereby facilitating the transmission of nerve impulses.Deficiencies in myelination in diseases such as multiple sclerosis（MS）lead to serious neurological disorders.
文摘This paper reports the results of field-based absolute gravity measurements aimed at detecting gravity change and crustal displacement caused by glacial isostatic adjustment. The project was initiated within the framework of the 53rd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition （JARE53）. Absolute gravity measurements, together with GPS measurements, were planned at several outcrops along the Prince Olav Coast and S6ya Coast of East Antarctica, including at Syowa Station. Since the icebreaker Shirase （AGB 5003） was unable to moor alongside Syowa Station, operations were somewhat restricted during JARE53. However, despite this setback, we were able to complete measurements at two sites： Syowa Station and Langhovde. The absolute gravity value at the Syowa Station IAGBN （A） site, observed using an FG-5 absolute gravimeter （serial number 210; FG-5 #210）, was 982 524 322.7＋0.1 ktGal, and the gravity change rate at the beginning of 2012 was -0.26 gGal.a-1. An absolute gravity value of 982 535 584.2~0.7 ktGal was obtained using a portable A-10 absolute gravimeter （serial number 017; A-10 #017） at the newly located site AGS01 in Langhovde.
基金supported by the following funding sources:Science Committee of the Republic of Armenia Grant No.18T-1C180Australian Research Council and research grant Nos.DP180102629,DP170102389,DP170102204,DP150103061,FT130100303,and FT130100018+37 种基金Austrian Federal Ministry of Education,Science and Research,and Austrian Science Fund No.P 31361-N36Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada,Compute Canada and CANARIEChinese Academy of Sciences and research grant No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH011National Natural Science Foundation of China and research grant Nos.11521505,11575017,11675166,11761141009,11705209,and 11975076LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program under contract No.XLYC1807135Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Committee under contract No.19ZR1403000Shanghai Pujiang Program under Grant No.18PJ1401000the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under Contract No.LTT17020Charles University grants SVV260448 and GAUK 404316European Research Council,7th Framework PIEF-GA-2013-622527Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No.700525’NIOBE,’Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie RISE project JENNIFER grant agreement No.644294Horizon 2020 ERC-Advanced Grant No.267104NewAve No.638528(European grants)L’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules(IN2P3)du CNRS(France),BMBF,DFG,HGF,MPG and AvH Foundation(Germany)Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology(India)Israel Science Foundation grant No.2476/17United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation grant No.2016113Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare and the research grants BELLE2Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research grant Nos.16H03968,16H03993,16H06492,16K05323,17H01133,17H05405,18K03621,18H03710,18H05226,19H00682,26220706,and 26400255the National Institute of Informatics,and Science Information NETwork 5(SINET5)the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology(MEXT)of JapanNational Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea Grant Nos.2016R1D1A1B01010135,2016R1D1A1B02012900,2018R1A2B3003643,2018R1A6A1A06024970,2018R1D1A1B07047294,2019K1A3A7A09033840,and 2019R1I1A3A01058933Radiation Science Research Institute,Foreign Large-size Research Facility Application Supporting project,the Global Science Experimental Data Hub Center of the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and KREONET/GLORIADUniversiti Malaya RU grant,Akademi Sains Malaysia and Ministry of Education MalaysiaFrontiers of Science Program contracts FOINS-296,CB-221329,CB-236394,CB-254409,and CB-180023,and the Thematic Networks program(Mexico)the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Centerthe Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation,Agreement14.W03.31.0026Slovenian Research Agency and research grant Nos.J1-9124 and P1-0135Agencia Estatal de Investigacion,Spain grant Nos.FPA2014-55613-P and FPA2017-84445-P,and CIDEGENT/2018/020 of Generalitat ValencianaMinistry of Science and Technology and research grant Nos.MOST106-2112-M-002-005-MY3 and MOST107-2119-M-002-035-MY3,and the Ministry of Education(Taiwan)Thailand Center of Excellence in PhysicsTUBITAK ULAKBIM(Turkey)Ministry of Education and Science of Ukrainethe US National Science Foundation and research grant Nos.PHY-1807007 and PHY-1913789the US Department of Energy and research grant Nos.DE-AC06-76RLO1830,DE-SC0007983,DE-SC0009824,DE-SC0009973,DE-SC0010073,DE-SC0010118,DE-SC0010504,DESC0011784,DE-SC0012704the National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(NAFOSTED)of Vietnam under grant No 103.99-2018.45
文摘From April to July 2018,a data sample at the peak energy of the T(4 S) resonance was collected with the Belle Ⅱ detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider.This is the first data sample of the Belle Ⅱ experiment.Using Bhabha and digamma events,we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample to be(496.3±0.3±3.0) pb-1,where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.This work provides a basis for future luminosity measurements at Belle Ⅱ.
基金supported by a grant from the Program for Promotion of Basic Research Activities for Innovative Biosciences(PROBRAIN to S.I.) from Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution(BRAIN) in Japangrants from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports, Science,and Technology of Japan(No.17207002 to S.I.and 22780007 to K.T.)+1 种基金supported by the Global COE Program(to H.K.and S.I.)the NIBB Cooperative Research Program(9-151 to H.K.and 9-153 to M.M.),and the Graduate University for Advanced Studies(Sokendai)
文摘We have isolated a recessive rice mutant, designated as indeterminate growth （ing）, which displays creeping and apparent heterochronic phenotypes in the vegetative period with lanky and winding culms. Rough mapping and subsequent molecular characterization revealed that the ing mutant carries a large deletion, which corresponds to a 103 kb region in the Nipponbare genome, containing nine annotated genes on chromosome 3. Of these annotated genes, the SLR1 gene encoding a DELLA protein is the only one that is well characterized in its function, and its null mutation, which is caused by a single base deletion in the middle of the intronless SLR1 gene, confers a slender phenotype that bears close resemblance to the ing mutant phenotype. The primary cause of the ing mutant phenotype is the deletion of the SLR1 gene, and the ing mutant appears to be the first characterized mutant having the entire SLR1 sequence deleted. Our results also suggest that the deleted region of 103 kb does not contain an indispensable gene, whose dysfunction must result in a lethal phenotype.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 19740346,23340128 and Takahashi Industrial and Economic Research Foundationsupport and under the auspices of the National Institute for Fusion Science(NIFS)Collaborative Research Program(NIFS09KDBN004).
文摘VFIVE is a scientific visualization application for CAVE-type immersive virtual reality(VR)systems.The source codes are freely available.VFIVE is used as a research tool in various VR systems.It also lays the groundwork for developments of new visualization software for CAVEs.In this paper,we pick up five CAVE systems in four different institutions in Japan.Applications of VFIVE in each CAVE system are summarized.Special emphases will be placed on scientific and technical achievements made possible by VFIVE.
