BACKGROUND Current research lacks a model of knee extension contracture in rats.AIM To elucidate the formation process of knee extension contracture.METHODS We developed a rat model using an aluminum external fixator....BACKGROUND Current research lacks a model of knee extension contracture in rats.AIM To elucidate the formation process of knee extension contracture.METHODS We developed a rat model using an aluminum external fixator.Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats with mature bones were divided into the control group(n=6)and groups that had the left knee immobilized with an aluminum external fixator for 1,2,and 3 d,and 1,2,3,4,6,and 8 wk(n=6 in each group).The passive extension range of motion,histology,and expression of fibrosis-related proteins were compared between the control group and the immobilization groups.RESULTS Myogenic contracture progressed very quickly during the initial 2 wk of immobilization.After 2 wk,the contracture gradually changed from myogenic to arthrogenic.The arthrogenic contracture progressed slowly during the 1^(st) week,rapidly progressed until the 3^(rd) week,and then showed a steady progression until the 4^(rd) week.Histological analyses confirmed that the anterior joint capsule of the extended fixed knee became increasingly thicker over time.Correspondingly,the level of transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1)and phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2(p-Smad2)in the anterior joint capsule also increased with the immobilization time.Over time,the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers gradually decreased,while the amount of intermuscular collagen and TGF-β1,p-Smad2,and p-Smad3 was increased.Unexpectedly,the amount of intermuscular collagen and TGF-β1,p-Smad2,and p-Smad3 was decreased during the late stage of immobilization(6-8 wk).The myogenic contracture was stabilized after 2 wk of immobilization,whereas the arthrogenic contracture was stabilized after 3 wk of immobilization and completely stable in 4 wk.CONCLUSION This rat model may be a useful tool to study the etiology of joint contracture and establish therapeutic approaches.展开更多
BACKGROUND Peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)is a promising therapeutic modality for esophageal achalasia worldwide.However,clinical failure and adverse events of POEM have still been concerned.AIM To compare the effica...BACKGROUND Peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)is a promising therapeutic modality for esophageal achalasia worldwide.However,clinical failure and adverse events of POEM have still been concerned.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of a novel mark-guided POEM with standard POEM.METHODS A total of 133 patients with esophageal achalasia who underwent POEM from May 2013 to May 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective study.Of the 133 patients,there were 64 patients in the mark-guided POEM group and 69 patients in the standard POEM group.The clinical success,procedural duration and adverse events were compared between the two groups at 3 mo,12 mo and 24 mo postoperatively.RESULTS Characteristic baseline was similar in the mark-guided POEM group and standard POEM group.The clinical success was comparable between the two groups,ranging from 92%to 98%,at 3 mo,12 mo and 24 mo postoperatively(all P>0.5).Eckart score,Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire score and SF-36 score were not different between the two groups after treatment(all P>0.05).No severe adverse events occurred in the two groups.However,markguided POEM required shorter procedural duration,and less use of proton pump inhibitors and lower incidence of reflux symptoms than the standard POEM(all P<0.001).CONCLUSION Mark-guided POEM and standard POEM were both effective and safe for the treatment of esophageal achalasia.However,the mark-guided POEM was characterized by shorter procedural duration,less use of proton pump inhibitors and lower incidence of reflux symptoms.展开更多
CRISPR/Cas9 is an adaptive immunity system in bacteria and most archaea(Koonin and Makarova,2009;Horvath and Barrangou,2010).The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system is comprised of two key components,a small guide RNA(gRN...CRISPR/Cas9 is an adaptive immunity system in bacteria and most archaea(Koonin and Makarova,2009;Horvath and Barrangou,2010).The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system is comprised of two key components,a small guide RNA(gRNA)and a Cas9 endonuclease(Deltcheva etal.,2011;Jineketal.,2012).展开更多
基金Supported by Anhui Key Research and Development Program-Population Health,No.201904a07020067Anhui Provincial Health Research Project,No.AHWJ2022b063+2 种基金Clinical Medicine Discipline Construction Project of Anhui Medical University in 2022(Clinic and Preliminary Co-Construction Discipline Project),No.2022 lcxkEFY0102022 National Natural Science Foundation Incubation Plan,No.2022GMFY05Clinical Medicine Discipline Construction Project of Anhui Medical University in 2022(High-Level Personnel Training Program),No.2022 lcxkEFY04,No.2022 lcxkEFY05.
文摘BACKGROUND Current research lacks a model of knee extension contracture in rats.AIM To elucidate the formation process of knee extension contracture.METHODS We developed a rat model using an aluminum external fixator.Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats with mature bones were divided into the control group(n=6)and groups that had the left knee immobilized with an aluminum external fixator for 1,2,and 3 d,and 1,2,3,4,6,and 8 wk(n=6 in each group).The passive extension range of motion,histology,and expression of fibrosis-related proteins were compared between the control group and the immobilization groups.RESULTS Myogenic contracture progressed very quickly during the initial 2 wk of immobilization.After 2 wk,the contracture gradually changed from myogenic to arthrogenic.The arthrogenic contracture progressed slowly during the 1^(st) week,rapidly progressed until the 3^(rd) week,and then showed a steady progression until the 4^(rd) week.Histological analyses confirmed that the anterior joint capsule of the extended fixed knee became increasingly thicker over time.Correspondingly,the level of transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1)and phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2(p-Smad2)in the anterior joint capsule also increased with the immobilization time.Over time,the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers gradually decreased,while the amount of intermuscular collagen and TGF-β1,p-Smad2,and p-Smad3 was increased.Unexpectedly,the amount of intermuscular collagen and TGF-β1,p-Smad2,and p-Smad3 was decreased during the late stage of immobilization(6-8 wk).The myogenic contracture was stabilized after 2 wk of immobilization,whereas the arthrogenic contracture was stabilized after 3 wk of immobilization and completely stable in 4 wk.CONCLUSION This rat model may be a useful tool to study the etiology of joint contracture and establish therapeutic approaches.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2018A0303100024Shenzhen Health Planning Commission,No.SZXJ2017030
文摘BACKGROUND Peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)is a promising therapeutic modality for esophageal achalasia worldwide.However,clinical failure and adverse events of POEM have still been concerned.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of a novel mark-guided POEM with standard POEM.METHODS A total of 133 patients with esophageal achalasia who underwent POEM from May 2013 to May 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective study.Of the 133 patients,there were 64 patients in the mark-guided POEM group and 69 patients in the standard POEM group.The clinical success,procedural duration and adverse events were compared between the two groups at 3 mo,12 mo and 24 mo postoperatively.RESULTS Characteristic baseline was similar in the mark-guided POEM group and standard POEM group.The clinical success was comparable between the two groups,ranging from 92%to 98%,at 3 mo,12 mo and 24 mo postoperatively(all P>0.5).Eckart score,Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire score and SF-36 score were not different between the two groups after treatment(all P>0.05).No severe adverse events occurred in the two groups.However,markguided POEM required shorter procedural duration,and less use of proton pump inhibitors and lower incidence of reflux symptoms than the standard POEM(all P<0.001).CONCLUSION Mark-guided POEM and standard POEM were both effective and safe for the treatment of esophageal achalasia.However,the mark-guided POEM was characterized by shorter procedural duration,less use of proton pump inhibitors and lower incidence of reflux symptoms.
基金This work was supported by the Lundbeck Foundation(R219-2016-1375 and R173-2014-1105)the Danish Research Council for Independent Research(DFF-1337-00128 and 9041-00317B)+4 种基金the Sapere Aude Young Research Talent Prize(DFF-1335-00763A)the Innovation Fund Denmark(BrainStem)Aarhus University Strategic Grant(AU-iCRISPR)the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(SZ5M201612074)BGIResearch,and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write(2017B030301011)。
文摘CRISPR/Cas9 is an adaptive immunity system in bacteria and most archaea(Koonin and Makarova,2009;Horvath and Barrangou,2010).The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system is comprised of two key components,a small guide RNA(gRNA)and a Cas9 endonuclease(Deltcheva etal.,2011;Jineketal.,2012).
