AIM:To investigate the causal effect of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)on ocular inflammation using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.METHODS:Genetic instruments associated with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),ulcer...AIM:To investigate the causal effect of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)on ocular inflammation using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.METHODS:Genetic instruments associated with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),ulcerative colitis(UC),and Crohn’s disease(CD)were derived from the largest genome-wide association studies(GWAS)published to date.The FinnGen research project was utilized to identify genetic risk variants associated with conjunctivitis,keratitis,iridocyclitis,chorioretinitis,episcleritis,and optic neuritis.All participants were of European ancestry.Three methods which included inverse variance weighting(IVW),weighted median(WM),and MR-Egger regression were performed to estimate the causal association in this study.IVW took the inverse variance of each study as the weight to calculate the weighted average of effect sizes,to summarize the effect sizes of multiple independent studies,which could provide the most precise estimated results.IVW was used as the primary outcome,while WM and MR-Egger were used to improve the estimation of IVW.RESULTS:A nominal causal effect of genetically predicted IBD on risk of non-infectious conjunctivitis,keratitis,iridocyclitis,and optic neuritis,but not on chorioretinitis or episcleritis.After Bonferroni correction,the results showed that genetically predicted UC was significantly associated with an increased risk of iridocyclitis(IVW:OR,1.17;95%CI,1.10-1.24,P=2.54×10^(-7)).CD was significantly associated with conjunctivitis(IVW:OR,1.05;95%CI,1.03-1.08,P=3.20×10^(-5)),keratitis(IVW:OR,1.06;95%CI,1.02-1.09;P=1.13×10^(-3)),and iridocyclitis(IVW:OR,1.09;95%CI,1.04-1.14;P=1.43×10^(-4)).CONCLUSION:IBD causally poses a risk of inflammation of conjunctiva,cornea,Iris-ciliary body complex,and optic neuritis.CD is more closely associated with the eye inflammation than UC.These impliy that the relationship of IBD and different parts of the eye structure are different,and provide novel evidence linking based on the association of the gut-eye axis.展开更多
AIM:To analyze and compare the differences among ocular biometric parameters in Han and Uyghur populations undergoing cataract surgery.METHODS:In this hospital-based prospective study,410 patients undergoing cataract ...AIM:To analyze and compare the differences among ocular biometric parameters in Han and Uyghur populations undergoing cataract surgery.METHODS:In this hospital-based prospective study,410 patients undergoing cataract surgery(226 Han patients in Tianjin and 184 Uyghur patients in Xinjiang)were enrolled.The differences in axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),keratometry[steep K(Ks)and flat K(Kf)],and corneal astigmatism(CA)measured using IOL Master 700 were compared between Han and Uyghur patients.RESULTS:The average age of Han patients was higher than that of Uyghur patients(70.22±8.54 vs 63.04±9.56y,P<0.001).After adjusting for age factors,Han patients had longer AL(23.51±1.05 vs 22.86±0.92 mm,P<0.001),deeper ACD(3.06±0.44 vs 2.97±0.37 mm,P=0.001),greater Kf(43.95±1.40 vs 43.42±1.69 D,P=0.001),steeper Ks(45.00±1.47 vs 44.26±1.71 D,P=0.001),and higher CA(1.04±0.68 vs 0.79±0.65,P=0.025)than Uyghur patients.Intra-ethnic male patients had longer AL,deeper ACD,and lower keratometry than female patients;however,CA between the sexes was almost similar.In the correlation analysis,we observed a positive correlation between AL and ACD in patients of both ethnicities(rHan=0.48,rUyghur=0.44,P<0.001),while AL was negatively correlated with Kf(rHan=-0.42,rUyghur=-0.64,P<0.001)and Ks(rHan=-0.38,rUyghur=-0.66,P<0.001).Additionally,Kf was positively correlated with Ks(rHan=0.89,rUyghur=0.93,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:There are differences in ocular biometric parameters between individuals of Han ethnicity in Tianjin and those of Uyghur ethnicity in Xinjiang undergoing cataract surgery.These ethnic variances can enhance our understanding of ocular diseases related to these parameters and provide guidance for surgical procedures.展开更多
BACKGROUND Neovascular glaucoma(NVG)is likely to occur after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for diabetic retinopathy(DR)in some patients,thus reducing the expected benefit.Understanding the risk factors for NVG occurrence ...BACKGROUND Neovascular glaucoma(NVG)is likely to occur after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for diabetic retinopathy(DR)in some patients,thus reducing the expected benefit.Understanding the risk factors for NVG occurrence and building effective risk prediction models are currently required for clinical research.AIM To develop a visual risk profile model to explore factors influencing DR after surgery.METHODS We retrospectively selected 151 patients with DR undergoing PPV.The patients were divided into the NVG(NVG occurrence)and No-NVG(No NVG occurrence)groups according to the occurrence of NVG within 6 months after surgery.Independent risk factors for postoperative NVG were screened by logistic regression.A nomogram prediction model was established using R software,and the model’s prediction accuracy was verified internally and externally,involving the receiver operator characteristic curve and correction curve.RESULTS After importing the data into a logistic regression model,we concluded that a posterior capsular defect,preoperative vascular endothelial growth factor≥302.90 pg/mL,glycosylated hemoglobin≥9.05%,aqueous fluid interleukin 6(IL-6)≥53.27 pg/mL,and aqueous fluid IL-10≥9.11 pg/mL were independent risk factors for postoperative NVG in patients with DR(P<0.05).A nomogram model was established based on the aforementioned independent risk factors,and a computer simulation repeated sampling method was used to internally and externally verify the nomogram model.The area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity,and specificity of the model were 0.962[95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.932-0.991],91.5%,and 82.3%,respectively.The AUC,sensitivity,and specificity of the external validation were 0.878(95%CI:0.746-0.982),66.7%,and 95.7%,respectively.CONCLUSION A nomogram constructed based on the risk factors for postoperative NVG in patients with DR has a high prediction accuracy.This study can help formulate relevant preventive and treatment measures.展开更多
AIM:To assess and compare the variations and agreements across different ocular biometric parameters using swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)and Scheimpflug tomography in patients diagnosed with catarac...AIM:To assess and compare the variations and agreements across different ocular biometric parameters using swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)and Scheimpflug tomography in patients diagnosed with cataract.METHODS:This prospective case series was conducted at Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital.In total,212 eyes from 212 patients scheduled for phacoemulsification were included.Eyes were evaluated preoperatively using two SSOCT devices(IOLMaster700 and CASIA2)and Scheimpflug tomography(Pentacam).Central corneal thickness(CCT),anterior chamber depth(ACD),aqueous depth(AQD),white-to-white distance(WTW),flat simulated keratometry(Kf),steep simulated keratometry(Ks),mean keratometry(Km),and total corneal keratometry(TKm)were measured.Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC),95%confidence intervals(CI)and limits of agreement(LoA)widths were conducted to assess differences and correlations between devices.RESULTS:All parameters,except for Ks,were significantly different.Pairwise comparison revealed no significant differences between keratometry obtained by IOLMaster 700 and Pentacam.LoA widths of all paired comparisons for Ks were>0.80 D.Except for WTW between IOLMaster 700 and CASIA2 and between CASIA2 and Pentacam,other Pearson’s coefficients between devices showed a strong correlation(all r>0.95).The ICC of WTW(ICC=0.438,95%CI 0.167-0.625)showed poor reliability.The reliability of CCT,ACD,and AQD was excellent(all ICC>0.95),whereas that of TKm was good(ICC=0.827,95%CI 0.221-0.939).A significant linear correlation was also observed among devices.CONCLUSION:The ocular parameters derived from the use of IOLMaster700,CASIA2,and Pentacam exhibit significant discrepancies;as such,measurements from these devices should not be deemed as interchangeable.展开更多
Glycolysis produces large amounts of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)in a short time.The retinal vascular endothelium feeds itself primarily through aerobic glycolysis with less ATP.But when it generates new vessels,aerobi...Glycolysis produces large amounts of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)in a short time.The retinal vascular endothelium feeds itself primarily through aerobic glycolysis with less ATP.But when it generates new vessels,aerobic glycolysis provides rapid and abundant ATP support for angiogenesis,and thus inhibition of glycolysis in endothelial cells can be a target for the treatment of neovascularization.Aerobic glycolysis has a protective effect on Müller cells,and it can provide with a target for visual protection and maintenance of the blood-retinal barrier.Under physiological conditions,the mitochondria of RPE can use lactic acid produced by photoreceptor cells as an energy source to provide ATP for survival.In pathological conditions,because RPE cells avoid their oxidative damage by increasing glycolysis,a large number of glycolysis products accumulate,which in turn has a toxic effect on photoreceptor cells.This shows that stabilizing the function of RPE mitochondria may become a target for the treatment of diseases such as retinal degeneration.The decrease of aerobic glycolysis leads to the decline of photoreceptor cell function and impaired vision;therefore,aerobic glycolysis of stable photoreceptor cells provides a reliable target for delaying vision loss.It is of great significance to study the role of glycolysis in various retinal cells for the targeted treatment of ocular fundus diseases.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the differences between human lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma with high-grade transformation(LACC-HGT)primar y cells cultured by high-grade transformation tissue and non-high-grade transformati...AIM:To evaluate the differences between human lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma with high-grade transformation(LACC-HGT)primar y cells cultured by high-grade transformation tissue and non-high-grade transformation(non-HGT)primary cells cultured by non-highgrade transformation tissue in proliferation,metastasis,drug susceptibility,and genes.METHODS:LACC-HGT primary cells were established by tissue block culture,and the 4^(th)to 10^(th)generation primary cells were selected as research objects.The cells were preliminarily identified by immunofluorescent staining.The differences between non-HGT and LACC-HGT primary cells in terms of proliferation,metastasis,and drug susceptibility were compared by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,wound healing,and drug sensitivity experiments.Differentially expressed genes were screened using mRNA array.Gene expression was analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).RESULTS:LACC-HGT primary cells were successfully cultured by tissue block culture.Immunofluorescence staining results showed that cytokeratin(CK)and CK7 expression levels were positive in LACC-HGT primary cells.CCK-8 results showed that the proliferation ability of LACCHGT cells was significantly higher than that of non-HGT cells.Wound healing experiment showed that the migration ability of LACC-HGT cells was significantly higher than that of non-HGT cells.LACC-HGT cells were also less sensitive to cisplatin and paclitaxel than non-HGT cells.Compared with non-HGT cells,9566 differentially expressed genes were found in LACC-HGT primary cells,of which 5162 were upregulated and 4404 were down-regulated.The expression of N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase(NPL),MARVEL domain containing 3(MARVELD3),syntabulin(SYBU),and allograft inflammatory factor 1(AIF1)was higher in LACCHGT cells than in non-HGT cells,whereas that of periostin(POSTN)was lower.CONCLUSION:LACC-HGT primary cells have faster proliferation,stronger migration ability,and poorer sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs than non-HGT primary cells.The expression of mRNAs in non-HGT and LACC-HGT primary cells are significantly different.These features are speculated to be the reasons why high-grade transformation tissues exhibit higher malignant degree and poorer prognosis than their counterparts.展开更多
AIM:To observe ocular surface changes after phacovitrectomy in patients with mild to moderate meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)-type dry eye and track clinical treatment response using a Keratograph 5M and a Lipi View ...AIM:To observe ocular surface changes after phacovitrectomy in patients with mild to moderate meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)-type dry eye and track clinical treatment response using a Keratograph 5M and a Lipi View interferometer.METHODS:Forty cases were randomized into control group A and treatment group B;the latter received meibomian gland treatment 3d before phacovitrectomy and sodium hyaluronate before and after surgery.The average non-invasive tear film break-up time(NITBUTav),first noninvasive tear film break-up time(NITBUTf),non-invasive measured tear meniscus height(NTMH),meibomian gland loss(MGL),lipid layer thickness(LLT)and partial blink rate(PBR)were measured preoperatively and 1wk,1 and 3mo postoperatively.RESULTS:The NITBUTav values of group A at 1wk(4.38±0.47),1mo(6.76±0.70),and 3mo(7.25±0.68)were significantly lower than those of group B(7.45±0.78,10.46±0.97,and 11.31±0.89;P=0.002,0.004,and 0.001,respectively).The NTMH values of group B at 1wk(0.20±0.01)and 1mo(0.22±0.01)were markedly higher than those of group A(0.15±0.01 and 0.15±0.01;P=0.008 and P<0.001,respectively);however,there was no difference at 3mo.The LLT of group B at 3mo[91.5(76.25-100.00)]significantly exceeded that of group A[65.00(54.50-91.25),P=0.017].No obvious intergroup difference was found in MGL or PBR(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Mild to moderate MGD dry eye worsens in the short term after phacovitrectomy.Preoperative cleaning,hot compresses,and meibomian gland massage as well as preoperative and postoperative sodium hyaluronate promote the rapid recovery of tear film stability.展开更多
Dear Editor,Ocular trauma can cause severe visual functional impairment.The management is often challenging due to multistructures affected.Toric intraocular lens(IOL)implantation can be an effective method for the tr...Dear Editor,Ocular trauma can cause severe visual functional impairment.The management is often challenging due to multistructures affected.Toric intraocular lens(IOL)implantation can be an effective method for the treatment of traumatic corneal astigmatism^([1]).Because of the optic design,the toric IOLs require more precise centration.Conventional toric IOL fixation methods require two-point fixation,which make the IOL tilting unpredictable,and have not been the first choice for patients without sufficient capsule and iris support.Now,we report a rare case of a woman with posttraumatic aniridia.展开更多
AIM:To explore the therapeutic effect and main molecular mechanisms of acteoside in a glaucoma model in DBA/2J mice.METHODS:Proteomics was used to compare the differentially expressed proteins of C57 and DBA/2J mice.A...AIM:To explore the therapeutic effect and main molecular mechanisms of acteoside in a glaucoma model in DBA/2J mice.METHODS:Proteomics was used to compare the differentially expressed proteins of C57 and DBA/2J mice.After acteoside administration in DBA/2J mice,anterior segment observation,intraocular pressure(IOP)monitoring,electrophysiology examination,and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to analyze any potential effects.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)assays were used to verify the proteomics results.Furthermore,retinal ganglion cell 5(RGC5)cell proliferation was assessed with cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assays.Serta domain-containing protein 4(Sertad4)mRNA and protein expression levels were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis,respectively.RESULTS:Proteomics analysis suggested that Sertad4 was the most significantly differentially expressed protein.Compared with the saline group,the acteoside treatment group showed decreased IOP,improved N1-P1 wave amplitudes,thicker retina,and larger numbers of cells in the ganglion cell layer(GCL).The IHC results showed that Sertad4 expression levels in DBA/2J mice treated with acteoside were significantly lower than in the saline group.Acteoside treatment could improve RGC5 cell survival and reduce the Sertad4 mRNA and protein expression levels after glutamate injury.CONCLUSION:Sertad4 is differentially expressed in DBA/2J mice.Acteoside can protect RGCs from damage,possibly through the downregulation of Sertad4,and has a potential use in glaucoma treatment.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effect of miRNA-451 on rhesus macaque choroid-retinal endothelial(RF/6A)cell function and proteome profile.METHODS:The RF/6A cells were transfected with miRNA-451 mimic and inhibitor.The role of mi...AIM:To evaluate the effect of miRNA-451 on rhesus macaque choroid-retinal endothelial(RF/6A)cell function and proteome profile.METHODS:The RF/6A cells were transfected with miRNA-451 mimic and inhibitor.The role of miRNA-451 on proliferation ability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay.Furthermore,iTRAQ quantitative proteomic analysis was applied to comprehensively illuminate the change of cellular proteins and biological function between different groups.RESULTS:In miRNA-451 overexpression group,cell proliferation of RF/6A decreased both at 24 h and 48 h;while in miRNA-451 inhibition group,on the contrary,RF/6A cell proliferation was increased at 48 h.Based on iTRAQ quantitative proteomic analysis,23 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were detected in the comparison of miRNA-451 mimic and mimic control-transfected RF/6A cells,and 30 DEPs were identified in the comparison of RF/6A cells transfected with miRNA-451 inhibitor and inhibitor control.DEPs such as GORASP2,KRT1,SLC7 A2,RIC8 A,DDX42,CAP1,PCBP2 might be closely related to the inhibitory effect of miRNA-451 on RF/6A cell proliferation,while PCYT1 A,MGAT1,TUBB,MCU,SIL1,BID,MSH6 might account for the positive effect of miRNA-451 inhibitor on RF/6A cell growth.PTPN1,as the only protein exhibiting an opposite trend between miRNA-451 mimic and inhibitortransfected cells,was most likely accountable for the inhibition of miRNA-451 mimic on RF/6A cell growth,and the promotion of miRNA-451 inhibitor on RF/6A cell proliferation.CONCLUSION:miRNA-451 overexpression can suppress the growth of RF/6A cells while knockdown of miRNA-451 can promote RF/6A cell viability.Among all DEPs,increased PTPN1 is most likely to account for the negative regulation of miRNA-451 on RF/6A proliferation.miRNA-451 can be a protective factor for neovascular disease of fundus via regulating choroid retinal endothelial cell function.展开更多
AIM:To compare the changes in the objective visual quality of patients with low and moderate myopia postoperatively after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy using the smart pulse technology(SMART)and femtosec...AIM:To compare the changes in the objective visual quality of patients with low and moderate myopia postoperatively after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy using the smart pulse technology(SMART)and femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK).METHODS:Corneal higher-order aberrations(HOAs),horizontal coma,vertical coma and spherical aberration were measured using Pentacam,and cutoff for modulation transfer function(MTF cutoff),objective scatter index(OSI)and Strehl ratio(SR)was measured using an optical quality analysis system(OQAS-II),before and after operation at 1,3,and 6 mo,and data were analyzed by repeated measurement two-way analysis of variance.RESULTS:The difference in uncorrected distance visual acuity between SMART and FS-LASIK was statistically significant only 1 wk postoperatively.Approximately 86.36%and 80.69%of patients with spherical equivalent(SE)in±0.50 D were observed in the SMART and FS-LASIK groups,respectively.No significant difference was observed in SE between the two groups(P=0.509).The HOAs increased postoperatively compared with those before surgery in both groups(P<0.05).No significant difference in HOA,corneal horizontal coma,spherical aberration,ΔHOA,Δhorizontal coma,andΔspherical aberration were observed between the two group(P>0.05).Corneal vertical coma andΔcorneal vertical coma in the FS-LASIK group were higher than those in the SMART group(P<0.05).The OSI of both groups at 1 mo after surgery was higher than that before surgery(P<0.05).At 3 and 6 mo postoperatively,the OSI in the FS-LASIK group was slightly higher than that in the SMART group(P=0.040 and 0.047,respectively).At 6 mo after surgery,the MTF cutoff was statistically significant different between the two groups(P=0.026).No significant difference in SR between the FS-LASIK and SMART groups was observed at 1,3,and 6 mo postoperatively(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The HOAs increase and visual quality is delayed in both groups postoperatively,and the long-term objective visual quality after SMART is slightly better than that after FS-LASIK.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of refractive errors and ocular biometry in 3573 freshman students at Tianjin Medical University for 4 consecutive years.METHODS:In this university-based, cross-sectional study, comprisi...AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of refractive errors and ocular biometry in 3573 freshman students at Tianjin Medical University for 4 consecutive years.METHODS:In this university-based, cross-sectional study, comprising 3573 students, visual acuity(VA), slitlamp examination, non-cycloplegic auto-refraction, and ocular biometry were recorded.RESULTS:The prevalence of myopia increased annually, from 2017 to 2020 were 93.5%, 94.5%, 95.9%, and 96.2%, respectively(P=0.03), and the prevalence of high myopia was 25.7%, 26.9%, 28.6%, and 28.6%, respectively. Males tended to have a higher percentage of total astigmatism than females, with astigmatism ≥0.75 and ≥1.0 D criteria. The percentage of with-the-rule astigmatism, against-therule astigmatism, and oblique astigmatism was 90.3%, 5.8%, and 3.9%, respectively, with astigmatism ≥1.00 D criteria. The mean spherical equivalent, axial length(AL), central corneal thickness(CCT), anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), corneal radius(CR), and lens position(LP) were 4.37±2.52 D, 25.28±1.24 mm, 539.49±34.98 μm, 3.31±0.34 mm, 3.47±0.21 mm, 7.8±0.28 mm, and 5.04±0.32 mm, respectively. With diopter increase in myopia, the AL became longer, CR became steeper, ACD became deeper, LT became thinner, and LP became more posterior(all P<0.01). Females had a shorter AL, thinner CCT, smaller CR, shallower ACD, thicker lens, and more anterior LP than males(P<0.01). The 64% of high myopia had AL≥26 mm, meanwhile, 5.8% mild myopia and 21.1% moderate myopia had AL≥26 mm. With AL≥26 mm, mild and moderate myopia compared to high myopia, AL was shorter(26.51±0.46 vs 26.87±0.70 mm), CR was larger(8.10±0.3 vs 7.85±0.23 mm) and LT was thinner(3.39±0.19 vs 3.45±0.19 mm, P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of myopia and high myopia is significantly high in freshman students. The majority of astigmatism is with-the-rule. Inconformity of refractive errors and ocular biometry existed in some students. Attention should be paid to the ocular biometry of myopia.展开更多
AIM:To assess the correlation between disorganization of the retinal inner layers(DRIL)and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in patients with uveitis and macular edema(UME)who underwent systemic treatment using optica...AIM:To assess the correlation between disorganization of the retinal inner layers(DRIL)and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in patients with uveitis and macular edema(UME)who underwent systemic treatment using optical coherence tomography(OCT).METHODS:A retrospective clinical study of 23 patients(30 eyes)with DRIL and 23 patients(31 eyes)without DRIL secondary to UME were included.All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations at baseline,3,6,and 12 mo after local and systemic treatment.The OCTbased parameters included foveal center point thickness(FCPT),mean thickness(MT),and diameters of DRIL in horizontal and vertical directions.BCVA and OCT-based parameters were compared between the two groups.The relationship between each OCT parameter and BCVA was evaluated using linear correlation and regression analysis.RESULTS:At the initial visit,the mean baseline FCPT was 441.03±128.68μm in the eyes with DRIL and 337.26±99.31μm in the eyes without DRIL(P=0.001).No significant differences were observed in MT(P=0.357).The mean size of transverse and vertical diameters of DRIL was 684.07±267.51 and 267.07±104.61μm at baseline,respectively.There was significant improvement in BCVA and OCT-based parameters at 3,6,and 12 mo in all cases(P<0.001 for each timepoint).In addition,significant differences were detected in BCVA and OCT parameters between eyes with and without DRIL at each time point(P<0.01 for each timepoint).A greater DRIL range at baseline was associated with a worse baseline BCVA(transverse diameter of DRIL:r=0.875,P<0.001;vertical diameter of DRIL:r=0.622,P<0.001).The transverse diameter of baseline DRIL was found to be significantly correlated with the final BCVA(P=0.003).CONCLUSION:The improvement in BCVA is associated with DRIL in patients with UME.DRIL is an easy-todetermine and robust imaging biomarker that could help predict BCVA prognosis in eyes with UME.展开更多
AIM:To investigate time trends in myopia and high myopia prevalence over 6y among young university adults in China.METHODS:This is a 6-year series cross-sectional study from 2016 to 2021.Totally 4910 freshmen were enr...AIM:To investigate time trends in myopia and high myopia prevalence over 6y among young university adults in China.METHODS:This is a 6-year series cross-sectional study from 2016 to 2021.Totally 4910 freshmen were enrolled and completed a questionnaire concerning age,gender,and disease history.Students with eye diseases were excluded after a detailed eye examination.The refractive status was measured by non-cycloplegic objective refraction and ocular parameters were measured by Lenstar 900.The examination followed the same protocol each year.Trends over time in myopia and high myopia prevalence,as well as ocular biometry parameters,were analyzed.RESULTS:From 2016 to 2021,the axial length(AL)and corneal radius(CR)increased significantly(P=0.002 for AL;P=0.04 for CR).However,the spherical equivalent(SE)and the ratio of axial length to the corneal radius(AL/CR)did not change significantly(P=0.59 for SE;P=0.24 for AL/CR).The frequency of AL≥26.0 mm increased from 26.6%in 2016 to 29.3%in 2021(P=0.05 for trend).The prevalence of myopia and high myopia did not change significantly in our study(P≥0.18).Compared to a similar cross-sectional study conducted 10 years ago,the prevalence of myopia decreased significantly(94.9%vs 91.8%,P<0.001).Whereas the prevalence of high myopia increased largely(18.12%vs 27.6%,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of high myopia increases in young university adults during 10y period.Myopia control should begin earlier in childhood.However,these interventions are still needed for high myopia even in young adulthood.展开更多
Iron is an indispensable trace element in mammals and performs several important physiological functions in the body.Dynamic equilibrium in iron metabolism exists.Iron uptake,storage,and output are in equilibrium as w...Iron is an indispensable trace element in mammals and performs several important physiological functions in the body.Dynamic equilibrium in iron metabolism exists.Iron uptake,storage,and output are in equilibrium as well.Several laboratory animal models have shown that iron deficiency and deposition can lead to a variety of functional disorders.Cardiac diseases caused by iron deposition in laboratory animal models are caused by abnormal oxidative stress,electrophysiological changes,iron metabolism-related gene defects,myocardial cell apoptosis,fibrosis,ferroptosis,and other causes.This review discusses the causes of heart disease related to iron deposition in laboratory animal models to illustrate further the impact of effective iron removal therapy on cardiac disease associated with iron deposition.In addition,this review demonstrates the possibility of elucidating the precise molecular mechanism of iron abnormality in heart diseases in experimental animal models and the feasibility of using iron abnormality as a target for developing new therapeutic drugs for the treatment of heart disease.展开更多
AIM:To observe early clinical outcome with lens position adjustment following the implantable collamer lens(ICL)surgery.METHODS:Sixty patients were selected for this retrospective study.One eye from each patient recei...AIM:To observe early clinical outcome with lens position adjustment following the implantable collamer lens(ICL)surgery.METHODS:Sixty patients were selected for this retrospective study.One eye from each patient received Toric ICL for astigmatism correction,and the other received non-astigmatic ICL surgery using horizontal position.Patients with higher postoperative arch height were selected,and their non-astigmatic eye clinical outcome were observed after ICL surgery at 1wk,1,and 3mo.The clinical measurements included uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),refractive state,corneal endothelium cell count,and arch height.Three months later,the ICL in each patient’s non-astigmatic eye was adjusted to the vertical from the horizontal position.The results were compared before and 1wk,1,and 3mo after adjustment.RESULTS:UCVA and IOP were significantly reduced 1wk after position adjustment compared to 1wk after ICL implantation(P<0.05).The patients demonstrated significantly reduced arch height and corneal endothelium cell count 1wk,1,and 3mo after adjusting position compared to 1wk,1,and 3mo after ICL implantation(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in refraction between 1wk,1,and 3mo after ICL implantation and position adjustment(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Early positioning adjustment postphakic ICL implantation can benefit patients with adjusted arch height or higher IOP.Despite the good clinical effects,the doctors should pay attention to the potential for adverse effects on UCVA and corneal endothelium cells following early position adjustment after posterior chamber phakic ICL implantation.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have attracted considerable attention for their activity in the treatment of refractory visual disorders. Since MSCs were found to possess the beneficial effects by secreting paracrine fac...Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have attracted considerable attention for their activity in the treatment of refractory visual disorders. Since MSCs were found to possess the beneficial effects by secreting paracrine factors rather than direct differentiation, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles(EVs) were widely studied in various disease models. MSCs generate abundant EVs, which act as important mediators by exchanging protein and genetic information between MSCs and target cells. It has been confirmed that MSC-derived EVs possess unique antiinflammatory, anti-apoptotic, tissue repairing, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties, similar to their parent cells. Upon intravitreal injection, MSC-derived EVs rapidly diffuse through the retina to alleviate retinal injury or inflammation. Due to possible risks associated with MSC transplantation, such as vitreous opacity and pathological proliferation, EVs appear to be a better choice for intravitreal injection. Small size EVs can pass through biological barriers easily and their contents can be modified genetically for optimal therapeutic effect. Hence, currently, they are also explored for the possibility of serving as drug delivery vehicles. In the current review, we describe the characteristics of MSC-derived EVs briefly, comprehensively summarize their biological functions in ocular diseases, and discuss their potential applications in clinical settings.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effect of posterior sclera collagen cross-linking induced by riboflavin-ultraviolet A(UVA)on form-deprived myopia in guinea pigs.METHODES:Twenty-five pigmented guinea pigs of 3-week-old were random...AIM:To evaluate the effect of posterior sclera collagen cross-linking induced by riboflavin-ultraviolet A(UVA)on form-deprived myopia in guinea pigs.METHODES:Twenty-five pigmented guinea pigs of 3-week-old were randomly assigned into 4 groups that included normal control(NOR,n=7),form-deprived(FDM,n=7),normal with riboflavin-UVA cross-linking(NOR+CL,n=5)and form-deprived with cross-linking(FDM+CL,n=6).The NOR+CL group and the FDM+CL group received the riboflavin-UVA induced cross-linking at day 0.FDM was induced by monocularly deprived with facemask in the right eyes.The refraction,axial length and corneal curvature were measured by retinoscopy,A-scan and keratometer respectively in scheduled time points(day 0 and 1,2,3,4 wk after form-deprivation).At the end of 4 weeks’experiment,stress-strain tests of sclera were measured and morphological changes of sclera and retina were examined.RESULTS:After 4 wk,the interocular difference of refractive error were-0.11±0.67,-2.93±0.56,1.10±0.58,and-1.63±0.41 D in the NOR,FDM,NOR+CL,and FDM+CL groups respectively.Mixed-effect linear model revealed significant effect of FDM(P<0.01)and CL(P<0.001).Also,after 4 wk,the interocular difference of axial length were 0.01±0.04,0.29±0.07,-0.13±0.06,and 0.11±0.05 mm in the NOR,FDM,NOR+CL,and FDM+CL group.Mixedeffect linear model revealed significant effect of FDM(P<0.001)and CL(P<0.01).As for corneal curvature,significant interocular difference have not found between any of the two groups.At the end of this experiment,the ultimate stress and elastic modulus were found significantly increased in both CL groups.But no difference was found in the groups without cross-linked.There was no abnormality observed in the retina and RPE cells of the treated eyes.CONCLUSION:The posterior sclera collagen crosslinking induced by riboflavin-UVA can slow down the progress of myopia and increase the sclera biomechanical strength in the guinea pig model of form-deprived myopia.展开更多
AIM:To report the refractive outcomes after vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation(phaco-vitrectomy)in idiopathic macular holes(IMH).METHODS:A total of 56 eyes with IMH(IMH ...AIM:To report the refractive outcomes after vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation(phaco-vitrectomy)in idiopathic macular holes(IMH).METHODS:A total of 56 eyes with IMH(IMH group)that underwent phaco-vitrectomy and 44 eyes with age-related cataract(ARC group)that underwent cataract surgery were retrospectively reviewed.The best corrective visual acuity(BCVA),predicted refractive error(PRE),actual refractive error(ARE),axial length(AL),were measured in both groups before and 6 mo after operation.The power calculation of IOL and the predicted refractive error(PRE)were calculated according to the SRK/T formula.The difference of PRE and ARE between the two groups were compared and analyzed.RESULTS:In the IMH group,the diameters of macular holes were 271.73±75.85μm,the closure rate was 100%.The pre-and post-operative BCVA were 0.80±0.35 and 0.40±0.35 log MAR.The PRE of A-ultrasound and IOL Master in the IMH group was-0.27±0.25 and 0.10±0.66 D.The postoperative mean absolute prediction error(MAE)was observed to be 0.58±0.65 and 0.53±0.37 D in the IOL Master and A-ultrasound(P=0.758).The PRE and ARE of the IMH group were 0.10±0.66 D and-0.19±0.64 D(P=0.102).The PRE and ARE of the ARC group was-0.43±0.95 and-0.31±0.93 D(P=0.383).The difference between PRE and ARE was-0.33±0.81 and 0.09±0.64 D in the IMH and ARC groups(P=0.021).The proportion of myopic shift was 67.9%in the IMH group and 27.3%in the ARC group(P=0.004).CONCLUSION:The myopic shift can be observed in patients with IMH after phaco-vitrectomy.展开更多
Fungal keratitis(FK)is a refractory disease that poses a serious threat to vision,with common risk factors like eye trauma,contact lens wearing,topical corticosteroids and antibiotic abuse.Nowadays,topical and systemi...Fungal keratitis(FK)is a refractory disease that poses a serious threat to vision,with common risk factors like eye trauma,contact lens wearing,topical corticosteroids and antibiotic abuse.Nowadays,topical and systemic anti-fungal drugs and ocular surgeries are still the main therapeutic modalities.However,the pathogenesis of FK,especially the immunologic mechanism within it,has not yet been deeply clarified.A better understanding of the pathogenesis of FK is imperative for more effective therapies and prognosis.Meanwhile,the immune protection strategies are also urgently required to manage FK.This review highlights recent advances in the immunologic mechanism in the pathogenesis of FK,in hope of providing valuable reference information for more effective anti-fungal treatment.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171085).
文摘AIM:To investigate the causal effect of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)on ocular inflammation using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.METHODS:Genetic instruments associated with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),ulcerative colitis(UC),and Crohn’s disease(CD)were derived from the largest genome-wide association studies(GWAS)published to date.The FinnGen research project was utilized to identify genetic risk variants associated with conjunctivitis,keratitis,iridocyclitis,chorioretinitis,episcleritis,and optic neuritis.All participants were of European ancestry.Three methods which included inverse variance weighting(IVW),weighted median(WM),and MR-Egger regression were performed to estimate the causal association in this study.IVW took the inverse variance of each study as the weight to calculate the weighted average of effect sizes,to summarize the effect sizes of multiple independent studies,which could provide the most precise estimated results.IVW was used as the primary outcome,while WM and MR-Egger were used to improve the estimation of IVW.RESULTS:A nominal causal effect of genetically predicted IBD on risk of non-infectious conjunctivitis,keratitis,iridocyclitis,and optic neuritis,but not on chorioretinitis or episcleritis.After Bonferroni correction,the results showed that genetically predicted UC was significantly associated with an increased risk of iridocyclitis(IVW:OR,1.17;95%CI,1.10-1.24,P=2.54×10^(-7)).CD was significantly associated with conjunctivitis(IVW:OR,1.05;95%CI,1.03-1.08,P=3.20×10^(-5)),keratitis(IVW:OR,1.06;95%CI,1.02-1.09;P=1.13×10^(-3)),and iridocyclitis(IVW:OR,1.09;95%CI,1.04-1.14;P=1.43×10^(-4)).CONCLUSION:IBD causally poses a risk of inflammation of conjunctiva,cornea,Iris-ciliary body complex,and optic neuritis.CD is more closely associated with the eye inflammation than UC.These impliy that the relationship of IBD and different parts of the eye structure are different,and provide novel evidence linking based on the association of the gut-eye axis.
基金Supported by Tianjin Higher Education Commission Science and Technology Development Fund Project(No.2022ZD057)Tianjin Binhai New Area Health Commission Science and Technology Project(No.2022BWKZ003)+4 种基金Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Function and Disease Open Project(No.2021tjswmm002)Tianjin Health Researh(No.TJWJ2023ZD002)General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2020D01A06)Special Fund for Youth of Clinical Research Center in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital(No.2020QN02)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK-037A)。
文摘AIM:To analyze and compare the differences among ocular biometric parameters in Han and Uyghur populations undergoing cataract surgery.METHODS:In this hospital-based prospective study,410 patients undergoing cataract surgery(226 Han patients in Tianjin and 184 Uyghur patients in Xinjiang)were enrolled.The differences in axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),keratometry[steep K(Ks)and flat K(Kf)],and corneal astigmatism(CA)measured using IOL Master 700 were compared between Han and Uyghur patients.RESULTS:The average age of Han patients was higher than that of Uyghur patients(70.22±8.54 vs 63.04±9.56y,P<0.001).After adjusting for age factors,Han patients had longer AL(23.51±1.05 vs 22.86±0.92 mm,P<0.001),deeper ACD(3.06±0.44 vs 2.97±0.37 mm,P=0.001),greater Kf(43.95±1.40 vs 43.42±1.69 D,P=0.001),steeper Ks(45.00±1.47 vs 44.26±1.71 D,P=0.001),and higher CA(1.04±0.68 vs 0.79±0.65,P=0.025)than Uyghur patients.Intra-ethnic male patients had longer AL,deeper ACD,and lower keratometry than female patients;however,CA between the sexes was almost similar.In the correlation analysis,we observed a positive correlation between AL and ACD in patients of both ethnicities(rHan=0.48,rUyghur=0.44,P<0.001),while AL was negatively correlated with Kf(rHan=-0.42,rUyghur=-0.64,P<0.001)and Ks(rHan=-0.38,rUyghur=-0.66,P<0.001).Additionally,Kf was positively correlated with Ks(rHan=0.89,rUyghur=0.93,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:There are differences in ocular biometric parameters between individuals of Han ethnicity in Tianjin and those of Uyghur ethnicity in Xinjiang undergoing cataract surgery.These ethnic variances can enhance our understanding of ocular diseases related to these parameters and provide guidance for surgical procedures.
基金Supported by the Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project,No.TJYXZDXK-037A.
文摘BACKGROUND Neovascular glaucoma(NVG)is likely to occur after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for diabetic retinopathy(DR)in some patients,thus reducing the expected benefit.Understanding the risk factors for NVG occurrence and building effective risk prediction models are currently required for clinical research.AIM To develop a visual risk profile model to explore factors influencing DR after surgery.METHODS We retrospectively selected 151 patients with DR undergoing PPV.The patients were divided into the NVG(NVG occurrence)and No-NVG(No NVG occurrence)groups according to the occurrence of NVG within 6 months after surgery.Independent risk factors for postoperative NVG were screened by logistic regression.A nomogram prediction model was established using R software,and the model’s prediction accuracy was verified internally and externally,involving the receiver operator characteristic curve and correction curve.RESULTS After importing the data into a logistic regression model,we concluded that a posterior capsular defect,preoperative vascular endothelial growth factor≥302.90 pg/mL,glycosylated hemoglobin≥9.05%,aqueous fluid interleukin 6(IL-6)≥53.27 pg/mL,and aqueous fluid IL-10≥9.11 pg/mL were independent risk factors for postoperative NVG in patients with DR(P<0.05).A nomogram model was established based on the aforementioned independent risk factors,and a computer simulation repeated sampling method was used to internally and externally verify the nomogram model.The area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity,and specificity of the model were 0.962[95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.932-0.991],91.5%,and 82.3%,respectively.The AUC,sensitivity,and specificity of the external validation were 0.878(95%CI:0.746-0.982),66.7%,and 95.7%,respectively.CONCLUSION A nomogram constructed based on the risk factors for postoperative NVG in patients with DR has a high prediction accuracy.This study can help formulate relevant preventive and treatment measures.
基金Supported by Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project (No.TJYXZDXK-037A)Weifang Science and Technology Bureau Project (No.2020YX065).
文摘AIM:To assess and compare the variations and agreements across different ocular biometric parameters using swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)and Scheimpflug tomography in patients diagnosed with cataract.METHODS:This prospective case series was conducted at Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital.In total,212 eyes from 212 patients scheduled for phacoemulsification were included.Eyes were evaluated preoperatively using two SSOCT devices(IOLMaster700 and CASIA2)and Scheimpflug tomography(Pentacam).Central corneal thickness(CCT),anterior chamber depth(ACD),aqueous depth(AQD),white-to-white distance(WTW),flat simulated keratometry(Kf),steep simulated keratometry(Ks),mean keratometry(Km),and total corneal keratometry(TKm)were measured.Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC),95%confidence intervals(CI)and limits of agreement(LoA)widths were conducted to assess differences and correlations between devices.RESULTS:All parameters,except for Ks,were significantly different.Pairwise comparison revealed no significant differences between keratometry obtained by IOLMaster 700 and Pentacam.LoA widths of all paired comparisons for Ks were>0.80 D.Except for WTW between IOLMaster 700 and CASIA2 and between CASIA2 and Pentacam,other Pearson’s coefficients between devices showed a strong correlation(all r>0.95).The ICC of WTW(ICC=0.438,95%CI 0.167-0.625)showed poor reliability.The reliability of CCT,ACD,and AQD was excellent(all ICC>0.95),whereas that of TKm was good(ICC=0.827,95%CI 0.221-0.939).A significant linear correlation was also observed among devices.CONCLUSION:The ocular parameters derived from the use of IOLMaster700,CASIA2,and Pentacam exhibit significant discrepancies;as such,measurements from these devices should not be deemed as interchangeable.
文摘Glycolysis produces large amounts of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)in a short time.The retinal vascular endothelium feeds itself primarily through aerobic glycolysis with less ATP.But when it generates new vessels,aerobic glycolysis provides rapid and abundant ATP support for angiogenesis,and thus inhibition of glycolysis in endothelial cells can be a target for the treatment of neovascularization.Aerobic glycolysis has a protective effect on Müller cells,and it can provide with a target for visual protection and maintenance of the blood-retinal barrier.Under physiological conditions,the mitochondria of RPE can use lactic acid produced by photoreceptor cells as an energy source to provide ATP for survival.In pathological conditions,because RPE cells avoid their oxidative damage by increasing glycolysis,a large number of glycolysis products accumulate,which in turn has a toxic effect on photoreceptor cells.This shows that stabilizing the function of RPE mitochondria may become a target for the treatment of diseases such as retinal degeneration.The decrease of aerobic glycolysis leads to the decline of photoreceptor cell function and impaired vision;therefore,aerobic glycolysis of stable photoreceptor cells provides a reliable target for delaying vision loss.It is of great significance to study the role of glycolysis in various retinal cells for the targeted treatment of ocular fundus diseases.
基金Supported by the Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK-037A)Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the differences between human lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma with high-grade transformation(LACC-HGT)primar y cells cultured by high-grade transformation tissue and non-high-grade transformation(non-HGT)primary cells cultured by non-highgrade transformation tissue in proliferation,metastasis,drug susceptibility,and genes.METHODS:LACC-HGT primary cells were established by tissue block culture,and the 4^(th)to 10^(th)generation primary cells were selected as research objects.The cells were preliminarily identified by immunofluorescent staining.The differences between non-HGT and LACC-HGT primary cells in terms of proliferation,metastasis,and drug susceptibility were compared by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,wound healing,and drug sensitivity experiments.Differentially expressed genes were screened using mRNA array.Gene expression was analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).RESULTS:LACC-HGT primary cells were successfully cultured by tissue block culture.Immunofluorescence staining results showed that cytokeratin(CK)and CK7 expression levels were positive in LACC-HGT primary cells.CCK-8 results showed that the proliferation ability of LACCHGT cells was significantly higher than that of non-HGT cells.Wound healing experiment showed that the migration ability of LACC-HGT cells was significantly higher than that of non-HGT cells.LACC-HGT cells were also less sensitive to cisplatin and paclitaxel than non-HGT cells.Compared with non-HGT cells,9566 differentially expressed genes were found in LACC-HGT primary cells,of which 5162 were upregulated and 4404 were down-regulated.The expression of N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase(NPL),MARVEL domain containing 3(MARVELD3),syntabulin(SYBU),and allograft inflammatory factor 1(AIF1)was higher in LACCHGT cells than in non-HGT cells,whereas that of periostin(POSTN)was lower.CONCLUSION:LACC-HGT primary cells have faster proliferation,stronger migration ability,and poorer sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs than non-HGT primary cells.The expression of mRNAs in non-HGT and LACC-HGT primary cells are significantly different.These features are speculated to be the reasons why high-grade transformation tissues exhibit higher malignant degree and poorer prognosis than their counterparts.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(No.20JCZXJC00040)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(No.Specialty)Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK-037A)The Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(No.2022ZD058)。
文摘AIM:To observe ocular surface changes after phacovitrectomy in patients with mild to moderate meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)-type dry eye and track clinical treatment response using a Keratograph 5M and a Lipi View interferometer.METHODS:Forty cases were randomized into control group A and treatment group B;the latter received meibomian gland treatment 3d before phacovitrectomy and sodium hyaluronate before and after surgery.The average non-invasive tear film break-up time(NITBUTav),first noninvasive tear film break-up time(NITBUTf),non-invasive measured tear meniscus height(NTMH),meibomian gland loss(MGL),lipid layer thickness(LLT)and partial blink rate(PBR)were measured preoperatively and 1wk,1 and 3mo postoperatively.RESULTS:The NITBUTav values of group A at 1wk(4.38±0.47),1mo(6.76±0.70),and 3mo(7.25±0.68)were significantly lower than those of group B(7.45±0.78,10.46±0.97,and 11.31±0.89;P=0.002,0.004,and 0.001,respectively).The NTMH values of group B at 1wk(0.20±0.01)and 1mo(0.22±0.01)were markedly higher than those of group A(0.15±0.01 and 0.15±0.01;P=0.008 and P<0.001,respectively);however,there was no difference at 3mo.The LLT of group B at 3mo[91.5(76.25-100.00)]significantly exceeded that of group A[65.00(54.50-91.25),P=0.017].No obvious intergroup difference was found in MGL or PBR(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Mild to moderate MGD dry eye worsens in the short term after phacovitrectomy.Preoperative cleaning,hot compresses,and meibomian gland massage as well as preoperative and postoperative sodium hyaluronate promote the rapid recovery of tear film stability.
基金Supported by Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(No.NTJYXZDXK-037A).
文摘Dear Editor,Ocular trauma can cause severe visual functional impairment.The management is often challenging due to multistructures affected.Toric intraocular lens(IOL)implantation can be an effective method for the treatment of traumatic corneal astigmatism^([1]).Because of the optic design,the toric IOLs require more precise centration.Conventional toric IOL fixation methods require two-point fixation,which make the IOL tilting unpredictable,and have not been the first choice for patients without sufficient capsule and iris support.Now,we report a rare case of a woman with posttraumatic aniridia.
基金Supported by Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK-037A).
文摘AIM:To explore the therapeutic effect and main molecular mechanisms of acteoside in a glaucoma model in DBA/2J mice.METHODS:Proteomics was used to compare the differentially expressed proteins of C57 and DBA/2J mice.After acteoside administration in DBA/2J mice,anterior segment observation,intraocular pressure(IOP)monitoring,electrophysiology examination,and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to analyze any potential effects.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)assays were used to verify the proteomics results.Furthermore,retinal ganglion cell 5(RGC5)cell proliferation was assessed with cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assays.Serta domain-containing protein 4(Sertad4)mRNA and protein expression levels were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis,respectively.RESULTS:Proteomics analysis suggested that Sertad4 was the most significantly differentially expressed protein.Compared with the saline group,the acteoside treatment group showed decreased IOP,improved N1-P1 wave amplitudes,thicker retina,and larger numbers of cells in the ganglion cell layer(GCL).The IHC results showed that Sertad4 expression levels in DBA/2J mice treated with acteoside were significantly lower than in the saline group.Acteoside treatment could improve RGC5 cell survival and reduce the Sertad4 mRNA and protein expression levels after glutamate injury.CONCLUSION:Sertad4 is differentially expressed in DBA/2J mice.Acteoside can protect RGCs from damage,possibly through the downregulation of Sertad4,and has a potential use in glaucoma treatment.
基金Supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81900891)Global Ophthalmology Awards Program 2020(No.482667)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effect of miRNA-451 on rhesus macaque choroid-retinal endothelial(RF/6A)cell function and proteome profile.METHODS:The RF/6A cells were transfected with miRNA-451 mimic and inhibitor.The role of miRNA-451 on proliferation ability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay.Furthermore,iTRAQ quantitative proteomic analysis was applied to comprehensively illuminate the change of cellular proteins and biological function between different groups.RESULTS:In miRNA-451 overexpression group,cell proliferation of RF/6A decreased both at 24 h and 48 h;while in miRNA-451 inhibition group,on the contrary,RF/6A cell proliferation was increased at 48 h.Based on iTRAQ quantitative proteomic analysis,23 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were detected in the comparison of miRNA-451 mimic and mimic control-transfected RF/6A cells,and 30 DEPs were identified in the comparison of RF/6A cells transfected with miRNA-451 inhibitor and inhibitor control.DEPs such as GORASP2,KRT1,SLC7 A2,RIC8 A,DDX42,CAP1,PCBP2 might be closely related to the inhibitory effect of miRNA-451 on RF/6A cell proliferation,while PCYT1 A,MGAT1,TUBB,MCU,SIL1,BID,MSH6 might account for the positive effect of miRNA-451 inhibitor on RF/6A cell growth.PTPN1,as the only protein exhibiting an opposite trend between miRNA-451 mimic and inhibitortransfected cells,was most likely accountable for the inhibition of miRNA-451 mimic on RF/6A cell growth,and the promotion of miRNA-451 inhibitor on RF/6A cell proliferation.CONCLUSION:miRNA-451 overexpression can suppress the growth of RF/6A cells while knockdown of miRNA-451 can promote RF/6A cell viability.Among all DEPs,increased PTPN1 is most likely to account for the negative regulation of miRNA-451 on RF/6A proliferation.miRNA-451 can be a protective factor for neovascular disease of fundus via regulating choroid retinal endothelial cell function.
基金Supported by Tianjin Clinical Key Discipline Project(No.TJLCZDXKM013)。
文摘AIM:To compare the changes in the objective visual quality of patients with low and moderate myopia postoperatively after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy using the smart pulse technology(SMART)and femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK).METHODS:Corneal higher-order aberrations(HOAs),horizontal coma,vertical coma and spherical aberration were measured using Pentacam,and cutoff for modulation transfer function(MTF cutoff),objective scatter index(OSI)and Strehl ratio(SR)was measured using an optical quality analysis system(OQAS-II),before and after operation at 1,3,and 6 mo,and data were analyzed by repeated measurement two-way analysis of variance.RESULTS:The difference in uncorrected distance visual acuity between SMART and FS-LASIK was statistically significant only 1 wk postoperatively.Approximately 86.36%and 80.69%of patients with spherical equivalent(SE)in±0.50 D were observed in the SMART and FS-LASIK groups,respectively.No significant difference was observed in SE between the two groups(P=0.509).The HOAs increased postoperatively compared with those before surgery in both groups(P<0.05).No significant difference in HOA,corneal horizontal coma,spherical aberration,ΔHOA,Δhorizontal coma,andΔspherical aberration were observed between the two group(P>0.05).Corneal vertical coma andΔcorneal vertical coma in the FS-LASIK group were higher than those in the SMART group(P<0.05).The OSI of both groups at 1 mo after surgery was higher than that before surgery(P<0.05).At 3 and 6 mo postoperatively,the OSI in the FS-LASIK group was slightly higher than that in the SMART group(P=0.040 and 0.047,respectively).At 6 mo after surgery,the MTF cutoff was statistically significant different between the two groups(P=0.026).No significant difference in SR between the FS-LASIK and SMART groups was observed at 1,3,and 6 mo postoperatively(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The HOAs increase and visual quality is delayed in both groups postoperatively,and the long-term objective visual quality after SMART is slightly better than that after FS-LASIK.
基金Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education of China (No.2018KJ056)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of refractive errors and ocular biometry in 3573 freshman students at Tianjin Medical University for 4 consecutive years.METHODS:In this university-based, cross-sectional study, comprising 3573 students, visual acuity(VA), slitlamp examination, non-cycloplegic auto-refraction, and ocular biometry were recorded.RESULTS:The prevalence of myopia increased annually, from 2017 to 2020 were 93.5%, 94.5%, 95.9%, and 96.2%, respectively(P=0.03), and the prevalence of high myopia was 25.7%, 26.9%, 28.6%, and 28.6%, respectively. Males tended to have a higher percentage of total astigmatism than females, with astigmatism ≥0.75 and ≥1.0 D criteria. The percentage of with-the-rule astigmatism, against-therule astigmatism, and oblique astigmatism was 90.3%, 5.8%, and 3.9%, respectively, with astigmatism ≥1.00 D criteria. The mean spherical equivalent, axial length(AL), central corneal thickness(CCT), anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), corneal radius(CR), and lens position(LP) were 4.37±2.52 D, 25.28±1.24 mm, 539.49±34.98 μm, 3.31±0.34 mm, 3.47±0.21 mm, 7.8±0.28 mm, and 5.04±0.32 mm, respectively. With diopter increase in myopia, the AL became longer, CR became steeper, ACD became deeper, LT became thinner, and LP became more posterior(all P<0.01). Females had a shorter AL, thinner CCT, smaller CR, shallower ACD, thicker lens, and more anterior LP than males(P<0.01). The 64% of high myopia had AL≥26 mm, meanwhile, 5.8% mild myopia and 21.1% moderate myopia had AL≥26 mm. With AL≥26 mm, mild and moderate myopia compared to high myopia, AL was shorter(26.51±0.46 vs 26.87±0.70 mm), CR was larger(8.10±0.3 vs 7.85±0.23 mm) and LT was thinner(3.39±0.19 vs 3.45±0.19 mm, P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of myopia and high myopia is significantly high in freshman students. The majority of astigmatism is with-the-rule. Inconformity of refractive errors and ocular biometry existed in some students. Attention should be paid to the ocular biometry of myopia.
文摘AIM:To assess the correlation between disorganization of the retinal inner layers(DRIL)and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in patients with uveitis and macular edema(UME)who underwent systemic treatment using optical coherence tomography(OCT).METHODS:A retrospective clinical study of 23 patients(30 eyes)with DRIL and 23 patients(31 eyes)without DRIL secondary to UME were included.All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations at baseline,3,6,and 12 mo after local and systemic treatment.The OCTbased parameters included foveal center point thickness(FCPT),mean thickness(MT),and diameters of DRIL in horizontal and vertical directions.BCVA and OCT-based parameters were compared between the two groups.The relationship between each OCT parameter and BCVA was evaluated using linear correlation and regression analysis.RESULTS:At the initial visit,the mean baseline FCPT was 441.03±128.68μm in the eyes with DRIL and 337.26±99.31μm in the eyes without DRIL(P=0.001).No significant differences were observed in MT(P=0.357).The mean size of transverse and vertical diameters of DRIL was 684.07±267.51 and 267.07±104.61μm at baseline,respectively.There was significant improvement in BCVA and OCT-based parameters at 3,6,and 12 mo in all cases(P<0.001 for each timepoint).In addition,significant differences were detected in BCVA and OCT parameters between eyes with and without DRIL at each time point(P<0.01 for each timepoint).A greater DRIL range at baseline was associated with a worse baseline BCVA(transverse diameter of DRIL:r=0.875,P<0.001;vertical diameter of DRIL:r=0.622,P<0.001).The transverse diameter of baseline DRIL was found to be significantly correlated with the final BCVA(P=0.003).CONCLUSION:The improvement in BCVA is associated with DRIL in patients with UME.DRIL is an easy-todetermine and robust imaging biomarker that could help predict BCVA prognosis in eyes with UME.
基金Supported by China Scholarship Council(CSC,No.202006945002)Chunhui Project of China Education Ministry(No.HZKY20220587)+1 种基金Tianjin Health Technology Research Project(No.TJWJ2022MS014)Tianjin Municipal Education Commission Scientific Research Program(Mental Health Education,No.2022ZDGX20).
文摘AIM:To investigate time trends in myopia and high myopia prevalence over 6y among young university adults in China.METHODS:This is a 6-year series cross-sectional study from 2016 to 2021.Totally 4910 freshmen were enrolled and completed a questionnaire concerning age,gender,and disease history.Students with eye diseases were excluded after a detailed eye examination.The refractive status was measured by non-cycloplegic objective refraction and ocular parameters were measured by Lenstar 900.The examination followed the same protocol each year.Trends over time in myopia and high myopia prevalence,as well as ocular biometry parameters,were analyzed.RESULTS:From 2016 to 2021,the axial length(AL)and corneal radius(CR)increased significantly(P=0.002 for AL;P=0.04 for CR).However,the spherical equivalent(SE)and the ratio of axial length to the corneal radius(AL/CR)did not change significantly(P=0.59 for SE;P=0.24 for AL/CR).The frequency of AL≥26.0 mm increased from 26.6%in 2016 to 29.3%in 2021(P=0.05 for trend).The prevalence of myopia and high myopia did not change significantly in our study(P≥0.18).Compared to a similar cross-sectional study conducted 10 years ago,the prevalence of myopia decreased significantly(94.9%vs 91.8%,P<0.001).Whereas the prevalence of high myopia increased largely(18.12%vs 27.6%,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of high myopia increases in young university adults during 10y period.Myopia control should begin earlier in childhood.However,these interventions are still needed for high myopia even in young adulthood.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31900502&81903448)the Henan Medical Science and Technology Joint Building Program(No.LHGJ20190229&LHGJ20190265)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(212300410275)the Key R&D and promotion Special Projects of Henan Province(No.212102310194).
文摘Iron is an indispensable trace element in mammals and performs several important physiological functions in the body.Dynamic equilibrium in iron metabolism exists.Iron uptake,storage,and output are in equilibrium as well.Several laboratory animal models have shown that iron deficiency and deposition can lead to a variety of functional disorders.Cardiac diseases caused by iron deposition in laboratory animal models are caused by abnormal oxidative stress,electrophysiological changes,iron metabolism-related gene defects,myocardial cell apoptosis,fibrosis,ferroptosis,and other causes.This review discusses the causes of heart disease related to iron deposition in laboratory animal models to illustrate further the impact of effective iron removal therapy on cardiac disease associated with iron deposition.In addition,this review demonstrates the possibility of elucidating the precise molecular mechanism of iron abnormality in heart diseases in experimental animal models and the feasibility of using iron abnormality as a target for developing new therapeutic drugs for the treatment of heart disease.
基金Supported by Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK-037A).
文摘AIM:To observe early clinical outcome with lens position adjustment following the implantable collamer lens(ICL)surgery.METHODS:Sixty patients were selected for this retrospective study.One eye from each patient received Toric ICL for astigmatism correction,and the other received non-astigmatic ICL surgery using horizontal position.Patients with higher postoperative arch height were selected,and their non-astigmatic eye clinical outcome were observed after ICL surgery at 1wk,1,and 3mo.The clinical measurements included uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),refractive state,corneal endothelium cell count,and arch height.Three months later,the ICL in each patient’s non-astigmatic eye was adjusted to the vertical from the horizontal position.The results were compared before and 1wk,1,and 3mo after adjustment.RESULTS:UCVA and IOP were significantly reduced 1wk after position adjustment compared to 1wk after ICL implantation(P<0.05).The patients demonstrated significantly reduced arch height and corneal endothelium cell count 1wk,1,and 3mo after adjusting position compared to 1wk,1,and 3mo after ICL implantation(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in refraction between 1wk,1,and 3mo after ICL implantation and position adjustment(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Early positioning adjustment postphakic ICL implantation can benefit patients with adjusted arch height or higher IOP.Despite the good clinical effects,the doctors should pay attention to the potential for adverse effects on UCVA and corneal endothelium cells following early position adjustment after posterior chamber phakic ICL implantation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81800825,No.81870651 and No.81870675。
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have attracted considerable attention for their activity in the treatment of refractory visual disorders. Since MSCs were found to possess the beneficial effects by secreting paracrine factors rather than direct differentiation, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles(EVs) were widely studied in various disease models. MSCs generate abundant EVs, which act as important mediators by exchanging protein and genetic information between MSCs and target cells. It has been confirmed that MSC-derived EVs possess unique antiinflammatory, anti-apoptotic, tissue repairing, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties, similar to their parent cells. Upon intravitreal injection, MSC-derived EVs rapidly diffuse through the retina to alleviate retinal injury or inflammation. Due to possible risks associated with MSC transplantation, such as vitreous opacity and pathological proliferation, EVs appear to be a better choice for intravitreal injection. Small size EVs can pass through biological barriers easily and their contents can be modified genetically for optimal therapeutic effect. Hence, currently, they are also explored for the possibility of serving as drug delivery vehicles. In the current review, we describe the characteristics of MSC-derived EVs briefly, comprehensively summarize their biological functions in ocular diseases, and discuss their potential applications in clinical settings.
基金Supported by the Tianjin Clinical Key Discipline Project(No.TJLCZDXKQ013)the Research Project of Health Committee in Binhai District,Tianjin(No.2019BWKQ033)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effect of posterior sclera collagen cross-linking induced by riboflavin-ultraviolet A(UVA)on form-deprived myopia in guinea pigs.METHODES:Twenty-five pigmented guinea pigs of 3-week-old were randomly assigned into 4 groups that included normal control(NOR,n=7),form-deprived(FDM,n=7),normal with riboflavin-UVA cross-linking(NOR+CL,n=5)and form-deprived with cross-linking(FDM+CL,n=6).The NOR+CL group and the FDM+CL group received the riboflavin-UVA induced cross-linking at day 0.FDM was induced by monocularly deprived with facemask in the right eyes.The refraction,axial length and corneal curvature were measured by retinoscopy,A-scan and keratometer respectively in scheduled time points(day 0 and 1,2,3,4 wk after form-deprivation).At the end of 4 weeks’experiment,stress-strain tests of sclera were measured and morphological changes of sclera and retina were examined.RESULTS:After 4 wk,the interocular difference of refractive error were-0.11±0.67,-2.93±0.56,1.10±0.58,and-1.63±0.41 D in the NOR,FDM,NOR+CL,and FDM+CL groups respectively.Mixed-effect linear model revealed significant effect of FDM(P<0.01)and CL(P<0.001).Also,after 4 wk,the interocular difference of axial length were 0.01±0.04,0.29±0.07,-0.13±0.06,and 0.11±0.05 mm in the NOR,FDM,NOR+CL,and FDM+CL group.Mixedeffect linear model revealed significant effect of FDM(P<0.001)and CL(P<0.01).As for corneal curvature,significant interocular difference have not found between any of the two groups.At the end of this experiment,the ultimate stress and elastic modulus were found significantly increased in both CL groups.But no difference was found in the groups without cross-linked.There was no abnormality observed in the retina and RPE cells of the treated eyes.CONCLUSION:The posterior sclera collagen crosslinking induced by riboflavin-UVA can slow down the progress of myopia and increase the sclera biomechanical strength in the guinea pig model of form-deprived myopia.
文摘AIM:To report the refractive outcomes after vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation(phaco-vitrectomy)in idiopathic macular holes(IMH).METHODS:A total of 56 eyes with IMH(IMH group)that underwent phaco-vitrectomy and 44 eyes with age-related cataract(ARC group)that underwent cataract surgery were retrospectively reviewed.The best corrective visual acuity(BCVA),predicted refractive error(PRE),actual refractive error(ARE),axial length(AL),were measured in both groups before and 6 mo after operation.The power calculation of IOL and the predicted refractive error(PRE)were calculated according to the SRK/T formula.The difference of PRE and ARE between the two groups were compared and analyzed.RESULTS:In the IMH group,the diameters of macular holes were 271.73±75.85μm,the closure rate was 100%.The pre-and post-operative BCVA were 0.80±0.35 and 0.40±0.35 log MAR.The PRE of A-ultrasound and IOL Master in the IMH group was-0.27±0.25 and 0.10±0.66 D.The postoperative mean absolute prediction error(MAE)was observed to be 0.58±0.65 and 0.53±0.37 D in the IOL Master and A-ultrasound(P=0.758).The PRE and ARE of the IMH group were 0.10±0.66 D and-0.19±0.64 D(P=0.102).The PRE and ARE of the ARC group was-0.43±0.95 and-0.31±0.93 D(P=0.383).The difference between PRE and ARE was-0.33±0.81 and 0.09±0.64 D in the IMH and ARC groups(P=0.021).The proportion of myopic shift was 67.9%in the IMH group and 27.3%in the ARC group(P=0.004).CONCLUSION:The myopic shift can be observed in patients with IMH after phaco-vitrectomy.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.19JCYBJC25700)Clinical Key Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project of Tianjin(No.TJLCZDXKM002)+1 种基金Science and Technology Projects of Social Development of Tianjin Binhai New District(No.BHXQKJXM-SF-2018-05)Science and Technology Projects of Health Commission of Tianjin Binhai New District(No.2019BWKZ008)。
文摘Fungal keratitis(FK)is a refractory disease that poses a serious threat to vision,with common risk factors like eye trauma,contact lens wearing,topical corticosteroids and antibiotic abuse.Nowadays,topical and systemic anti-fungal drugs and ocular surgeries are still the main therapeutic modalities.However,the pathogenesis of FK,especially the immunologic mechanism within it,has not yet been deeply clarified.A better understanding of the pathogenesis of FK is imperative for more effective therapies and prognosis.Meanwhile,the immune protection strategies are also urgently required to manage FK.This review highlights recent advances in the immunologic mechanism in the pathogenesis of FK,in hope of providing valuable reference information for more effective anti-fungal treatment.
