AIM:To determine the prevalence of vision impairment(VI)and refractive error in first year university students at the Tianjin Medical University.METHODS:This is a cross-sectional observational cohort study of VI and r...AIM:To determine the prevalence of vision impairment(VI)and refractive error in first year university students at the Tianjin Medical University.METHODS:This is a cross-sectional observational cohort study of VI and refractive error among first year university students at the Tianjin Medical University.The first year university students were involved in this study and were given a detailed questionnaire including age,birth date,and spectacle wearing history.A standardized ophthalmologic examination including visual acuity(VA),slit-lamp examination,non-cycloplegic auto-refraction,objective refraction,fundus photography,and examination of their spectacles were recorded.RESULTS:A total of 3654 participants were included in this study.Totally 3436(94.03%) individuals had VI in this population.Totally 150(4.10%) individuals had VI due to ocular disease,including amblyopia,congenital cataract,retinal atrophy or degeneration,strabismus,congenital nystagmus,refractive surgery orthokeratology.Totally 3286(89.93%) subjects had VI due to refractive error.Only 218(5.97%) students were emmetropia.Moreover,refractive error was the main cause for the VI(95.63%).Totally 3242(92.52%) students were myopia and the prevalence of mild,moderate,and high myopia subgroup was 27.05%,44.35%,and 21.26% respectively.Totally 44(1.29%) subjects were hyperopic.The rates of uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),presenting visual acuity(PVA)and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)which better than 20/20 in both eyes were 5.65%,22.32% and 82.13% respectively.The rates of correction,under correction and well correction in myopia subjects were 82.73%,84.39% and 15.61%,respectively. CONCLUSION:We present a high prevalence of refractive errors and high rates of under correction refractive error among first year university students.These results may help to promote vision protection work in young adults.展开更多
AIM:To investigate time trends in myopia and high myopia prevalence over 6y among young university adults in China.METHODS:This is a 6-year series cross-sectional study from 2016 to 2021.Totally 4910 freshmen were enr...AIM:To investigate time trends in myopia and high myopia prevalence over 6y among young university adults in China.METHODS:This is a 6-year series cross-sectional study from 2016 to 2021.Totally 4910 freshmen were enrolled and completed a questionnaire concerning age,gender,and disease history.Students with eye diseases were excluded after a detailed eye examination.The refractive status was measured by non-cycloplegic objective refraction and ocular parameters were measured by Lenstar 900.The examination followed the same protocol each year.Trends over time in myopia and high myopia prevalence,as well as ocular biometry parameters,were analyzed.RESULTS:From 2016 to 2021,the axial length(AL)and corneal radius(CR)increased significantly(P=0.002 for AL;P=0.04 for CR).However,the spherical equivalent(SE)and the ratio of axial length to the corneal radius(AL/CR)did not change significantly(P=0.59 for SE;P=0.24 for AL/CR).The frequency of AL≥26.0 mm increased from 26.6%in 2016 to 29.3%in 2021(P=0.05 for trend).The prevalence of myopia and high myopia did not change significantly in our study(P≥0.18).Compared to a similar cross-sectional study conducted 10 years ago,the prevalence of myopia decreased significantly(94.9%vs 91.8%,P<0.001).Whereas the prevalence of high myopia increased largely(18.12%vs 27.6%,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of high myopia increases in young university adults during 10y period.Myopia control should begin earlier in childhood.However,these interventions are still needed for high myopia even in young adulthood.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of refractive errors and ocular biometry in 3573 freshman students at Tianjin Medical University for 4 consecutive years.METHODS:In this university-based, cross-sectional study, comprisi...AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of refractive errors and ocular biometry in 3573 freshman students at Tianjin Medical University for 4 consecutive years.METHODS:In this university-based, cross-sectional study, comprising 3573 students, visual acuity(VA), slitlamp examination, non-cycloplegic auto-refraction, and ocular biometry were recorded.RESULTS:The prevalence of myopia increased annually, from 2017 to 2020 were 93.5%, 94.5%, 95.9%, and 96.2%, respectively(P=0.03), and the prevalence of high myopia was 25.7%, 26.9%, 28.6%, and 28.6%, respectively. Males tended to have a higher percentage of total astigmatism than females, with astigmatism ≥0.75 and ≥1.0 D criteria. The percentage of with-the-rule astigmatism, against-therule astigmatism, and oblique astigmatism was 90.3%, 5.8%, and 3.9%, respectively, with astigmatism ≥1.00 D criteria. The mean spherical equivalent, axial length(AL), central corneal thickness(CCT), anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), corneal radius(CR), and lens position(LP) were 4.37±2.52 D, 25.28±1.24 mm, 539.49±34.98 μm, 3.31±0.34 mm, 3.47±0.21 mm, 7.8±0.28 mm, and 5.04±0.32 mm, respectively. With diopter increase in myopia, the AL became longer, CR became steeper, ACD became deeper, LT became thinner, and LP became more posterior(all P<0.01). Females had a shorter AL, thinner CCT, smaller CR, shallower ACD, thicker lens, and more anterior LP than males(P<0.01). The 64% of high myopia had AL≥26 mm, meanwhile, 5.8% mild myopia and 21.1% moderate myopia had AL≥26 mm. With AL≥26 mm, mild and moderate myopia compared to high myopia, AL was shorter(26.51±0.46 vs 26.87±0.70 mm), CR was larger(8.10±0.3 vs 7.85±0.23 mm) and LT was thinner(3.39±0.19 vs 3.45±0.19 mm, P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of myopia and high myopia is significantly high in freshman students. The majority of astigmatism is with-the-rule. Inconformity of refractive errors and ocular biometry existed in some students. Attention should be paid to the ocular biometry of myopia.展开更多
Dry eye disease(DED),primarily classified as multifactorial ocular surface disorder,afflicts tens of millions of individuals worldwide,adversely impacting their quality of life.Extensive research has been conducted on...Dry eye disease(DED),primarily classified as multifactorial ocular surface disorder,afflicts tens of millions of individuals worldwide,adversely impacting their quality of life.Extensive research has been conducted on tear film analysis over the past decades,offering a range of tests to evaluate its volume,health,and integrity.Yet,early diagnosis and effective treatment for DED continue to pose significant challenges in clinical settings.Nevertheless,by recognizing key phenomena in DED such as ocular surface inflammation,hyperosmolarity,and tear film instability,this article provides a comprehensive overview of both traditional and recently developed methods for diagnosing and monitoring DED.The information serves as a valuable resource not only for clinical diagnosis but also for further research into DED.展开更多
AIM:To observe ocular surface changes after phacovitrectomy in patients with mild to moderate meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)-type dry eye and track clinical treatment response using a Keratograph 5M and a Lipi View ...AIM:To observe ocular surface changes after phacovitrectomy in patients with mild to moderate meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)-type dry eye and track clinical treatment response using a Keratograph 5M and a Lipi View interferometer.METHODS:Forty cases were randomized into control group A and treatment group B;the latter received meibomian gland treatment 3d before phacovitrectomy and sodium hyaluronate before and after surgery.The average non-invasive tear film break-up time(NITBUTav),first noninvasive tear film break-up time(NITBUTf),non-invasive measured tear meniscus height(NTMH),meibomian gland loss(MGL),lipid layer thickness(LLT)and partial blink rate(PBR)were measured preoperatively and 1wk,1 and 3mo postoperatively.RESULTS:The NITBUTav values of group A at 1wk(4.38±0.47),1mo(6.76±0.70),and 3mo(7.25±0.68)were significantly lower than those of group B(7.45±0.78,10.46±0.97,and 11.31±0.89;P=0.002,0.004,and 0.001,respectively).The NTMH values of group B at 1wk(0.20±0.01)and 1mo(0.22±0.01)were markedly higher than those of group A(0.15±0.01 and 0.15±0.01;P=0.008 and P<0.001,respectively);however,there was no difference at 3mo.The LLT of group B at 3mo[91.5(76.25-100.00)]significantly exceeded that of group A[65.00(54.50-91.25),P=0.017].No obvious intergroup difference was found in MGL or PBR(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Mild to moderate MGD dry eye worsens in the short term after phacovitrectomy.Preoperative cleaning,hot compresses,and meibomian gland massage as well as preoperative and postoperative sodium hyaluronate promote the rapid recovery of tear film stability.展开更多
Dear Editor,Ocular trauma can cause severe visual functional impairment.The management is often challenging due to multistructures affected.Toric intraocular lens(IOL)implantation can be an effective method for the tr...Dear Editor,Ocular trauma can cause severe visual functional impairment.The management is often challenging due to multistructures affected.Toric intraocular lens(IOL)implantation can be an effective method for the treatment of traumatic corneal astigmatism^([1]).Because of the optic design,the toric IOLs require more precise centration.Conventional toric IOL fixation methods require two-point fixation,which make the IOL tilting unpredictable,and have not been the first choice for patients without sufficient capsule and iris support.Now,we report a rare case of a woman with posttraumatic aniridia.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the regulatory roles of the members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)family in lacrimal gland dysfunction under conditions of desiccating stress or diabetes.METHODS: Quantitat...AIM: To investigate the regulatory roles of the members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)family in lacrimal gland dysfunction under conditions of desiccating stress or diabetes.METHODS: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) was used to examine the expression of PPARs in the cornea, conjunctiva, meibomian gland, and lacrimal gland in adult rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups:a control group, dry eye group, and diabetic group. The phenol red threads test, tear film break-up time(BUT) test and fluorescein staining were carried out to evaluate the development of dry eye. Based on bioinformatics research,qP CR was used to examine the expression level of PPARγ,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6), sirtuin 1(Sirt1), myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88) and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)in the lacrimal glands.RESULTS: PPARα and PPARβ/δ were mainly expressed in the conjunctiva and the lacrimal gland, respectively.However, PPARγ was expressed in both the conjunctiva and lacrimal gland, at much higher levels than those measured for PPARα and PPARβ/δ. Dry eye rats and diabetic rats both showed decreased tear secretion, shortened BUT,and increased corneal staining. Significant changes in gene expression were observed compared with the control group. In the lacrimal glands of dry eye rats and diabetic rats, expression of PPARγ decreased(P<0.05), expression of Sirt1 also decreased(P<0.01), whereas expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MyD88, and TGF-β increased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Among PPARs, PPARγ might play a dominant role in the regulation of metabolic-and inflammatorysignaling pathways on the ocular surfaces and in lacrimal glands. Down-regulation of PPARγ is highly relevant to lacrimal gland dysfunction under desiccating-stress and diabetic conditions. PPARγ, thus, is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of environment-or diabetes-induced dry eye diseases.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the influence of unilateral congenital ptosis on the development of the eye and vision in children.METHODS:In this prospective observational study,41 patients with unilateral congenital ptosis were ...AIM:To investigate the influence of unilateral congenital ptosis on the development of the eye and vision in children.METHODS:In this prospective observational study,41 patients with unilateral congenital ptosis were enrolled(age range 3-15y).The blepharoptosis was divided into 3 subgroups according to the margin reflex distance-1(MRD-1),including mild group(MRD-1>2 mm),moderate group(0<MRD-1<2 mm),and severe group(MRD-1<0 mm).The fellow eyes served as controls.All subjects underwent ocular examinations,including axial length,keratometry,and refractive error.RESULTS:The incidence of astigmatism(ptotic eyes:58.5%vs fellow eyes:24.4%,P=0.002)and magnitude of cylindrical power(ptotic eyes:-0.86±0.79 D vs fellow eyes:-0.43±0.63 D,P=0.003)differed significantly between the ptotic eyes and the fellow eyes.The spherical equivalent refraction(P=0.006),spherical power(P=0.01),cylindrical power(P=0.011),axial length-corneal radius(AL/CR)ratio(P=0.009),frequency of hyperopia(P=0.002)and astigmatism(P=0.004)were significantly different among the ptotic eye subgroups and the fellow eye group.In addition,in patients with congenital ptosis,the incidence of amblyopia is 43.9%and the incidence of anisometropia is 24.4%.More importantly,the ratio of AL/CR showed significantly positive correlation with the severity of ptosis(P=0.002).CONCLUSION:Congenital ptosis may lead to a delayed eyeball development in the aspect of AL/CR.The risk of amblyopia is also increased due to visual deprivation and aggravated anisometropia,particularly in severe ptosis case.展开更多
In recent years, the advances in terahertz applications have stimulated interest in the biological effects associated with this frequency range. We study the gene expression profile in three types of cells exposed to ...In recent years, the advances in terahertz applications have stimulated interest in the biological effects associated with this frequency range. We study the gene expression profile in three types of cells exposed to terahertz radiation,i.e., human ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells, simian virus 40-transformed human corneal epithelial cells, and human MIO-M1 Müller cells. We find that the gene expression in response to heat shock is unaffected, indicating that the minimum temperature increases under controlled environment. The transcriptome sequencing survey demonstrates that 6-hour irradiation with a broadband terahertz source results in specific change in gene expression and also the biological functions that are closely related to these genes. Our results imply that the effect of terahertz radiation on gene expression can last over 15 hours and depends on the type of cell.展开更多
The incidences of open angle glaucoma(OAG)and high myopia are increasing concomitantly.Considering the aging population and concurrent rapid increase in the number of individuals with myopia,the risk of visual defects...The incidences of open angle glaucoma(OAG)and high myopia are increasing concomitantly.Considering the aging population and concurrent rapid increase in the number of individuals with myopia,the risk of visual defects caused by highly myopic OAG is likely to increase dramatically over the next few decades.However,precise screening and diagnosis of OAG is challenging because of the tilt and rotation of the optic disc,as well as extensiveβ-zone parapapillary atrophy in highly myopic eyes.Recent advances in optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA)technologies imply that both modalities are promising tools for the detection of highly myopic OAG.Notably,the diagnosis of OAG remains to be determined with the longitudinal changes of functional damages(e.g.visual field defect,visual electrophysiological changes).We herein describe some aspects of microvascular and microstructural pathology in patients with highly myopic OAG and proposes a framework for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.展开更多
AIM:To assess the correlation between disorganization of the retinal inner layers(DRIL)and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in patients with uveitis and macular edema(UME)who underwent systemic treatment using optica...AIM:To assess the correlation between disorganization of the retinal inner layers(DRIL)and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in patients with uveitis and macular edema(UME)who underwent systemic treatment using optical coherence tomography(OCT).METHODS:A retrospective clinical study of 23 patients(30 eyes)with DRIL and 23 patients(31 eyes)without DRIL secondary to UME were included.All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations at baseline,3,6,and 12 mo after local and systemic treatment.The OCTbased parameters included foveal center point thickness(FCPT),mean thickness(MT),and diameters of DRIL in horizontal and vertical directions.BCVA and OCT-based parameters were compared between the two groups.The relationship between each OCT parameter and BCVA was evaluated using linear correlation and regression analysis.RESULTS:At the initial visit,the mean baseline FCPT was 441.03±128.68μm in the eyes with DRIL and 337.26±99.31μm in the eyes without DRIL(P=0.001).No significant differences were observed in MT(P=0.357).The mean size of transverse and vertical diameters of DRIL was 684.07±267.51 and 267.07±104.61μm at baseline,respectively.There was significant improvement in BCVA and OCT-based parameters at 3,6,and 12 mo in all cases(P<0.001 for each timepoint).In addition,significant differences were detected in BCVA and OCT parameters between eyes with and without DRIL at each time point(P<0.01 for each timepoint).A greater DRIL range at baseline was associated with a worse baseline BCVA(transverse diameter of DRIL:r=0.875,P<0.001;vertical diameter of DRIL:r=0.622,P<0.001).The transverse diameter of baseline DRIL was found to be significantly correlated with the final BCVA(P=0.003).CONCLUSION:The improvement in BCVA is associated with DRIL in patients with UME.DRIL is an easy-todetermine and robust imaging biomarker that could help predict BCVA prognosis in eyes with UME.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the differences between human lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma with high-grade transformation(LACC-HGT)primar y cells cultured by high-grade transformation tissue and non-high-grade transformati...AIM:To evaluate the differences between human lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma with high-grade transformation(LACC-HGT)primar y cells cultured by high-grade transformation tissue and non-high-grade transformation(non-HGT)primary cells cultured by non-highgrade transformation tissue in proliferation,metastasis,drug susceptibility,and genes.METHODS:LACC-HGT primary cells were established by tissue block culture,and the 4^(th)to 10^(th)generation primary cells were selected as research objects.The cells were preliminarily identified by immunofluorescent staining.The differences between non-HGT and LACC-HGT primary cells in terms of proliferation,metastasis,and drug susceptibility were compared by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,wound healing,and drug sensitivity experiments.Differentially expressed genes were screened using mRNA array.Gene expression was analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).RESULTS:LACC-HGT primary cells were successfully cultured by tissue block culture.Immunofluorescence staining results showed that cytokeratin(CK)and CK7 expression levels were positive in LACC-HGT primary cells.CCK-8 results showed that the proliferation ability of LACCHGT cells was significantly higher than that of non-HGT cells.Wound healing experiment showed that the migration ability of LACC-HGT cells was significantly higher than that of non-HGT cells.LACC-HGT cells were also less sensitive to cisplatin and paclitaxel than non-HGT cells.Compared with non-HGT cells,9566 differentially expressed genes were found in LACC-HGT primary cells,of which 5162 were upregulated and 4404 were down-regulated.The expression of N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase(NPL),MARVEL domain containing 3(MARVELD3),syntabulin(SYBU),and allograft inflammatory factor 1(AIF1)was higher in LACCHGT cells than in non-HGT cells,whereas that of periostin(POSTN)was lower.CONCLUSION:LACC-HGT primary cells have faster proliferation,stronger migration ability,and poorer sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs than non-HGT primary cells.The expression of mRNAs in non-HGT and LACC-HGT primary cells are significantly different.These features are speculated to be the reasons why high-grade transformation tissues exhibit higher malignant degree and poorer prognosis than their counterparts.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the pooled prevalence of diabetic retinopathy(DR), proliferative DR(PDR) and nonproliferative DR(NPDR) in Asian type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) patients. METHODS: We performed a systematic search o...AIM: To investigate the pooled prevalence of diabetic retinopathy(DR), proliferative DR(PDR) and nonproliferative DR(NPDR) in Asian type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) patients. METHODS: We performed a systematic search online search using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and China WeiPu Library to identify eligible studies that reported the prevalence of DR, PDR and NPDR in Asian T2 DM patients. Effect size(ES) with 95% confidence interval(CI) was used to evaluate the prevalence of DR, PDR and NPDR in Asian T2 DM patients, respectively. RESULTS: There were 41 references and 48 995 T2 DM patients involved in this study. The prevalence of DR, PDR, and NPDR was 28%, 6%, and 27% in T2 DM patients, respectively; while the prevalence of PDR and NPDR in DR patients was 17% and 83%, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that prevalence of DR in T2 DM patients from Singaporean, Indian, South Korean, Malaysian, Asian, and Chinese was 33%, 42%, 16%, 35%, 21% and 25%, respectively. In T2 DM patients with NPDR from Indian, South Korean, Malaysian, Asian, Chinese, higher prevalence was found than that in PDR patients(45% vs 17%, 13% vs 3%, 30% vs 5%, 23% vs 2% and 22% vs 3%), as well as in DR patients(74% vs 26%, 81% vs 19%, 86% vs 14%, 92% vs 8% and 85% vs 15%). The prevalence of PDR in T2 DM from India was higher than patients fromother locations of Asia, and the same results were also observed in NPDR patients. CONCLUSION: In either T2 DM Asian patients or DR patients, NPDR is more common than PDR. Based on our results, we should pay more attention to NPDR screening and management in T2 DM patients, and we also recommend suitable interventions to prevent its progression.展开更多
Corneal diseases are a major cause of blindness in the world. Although great progress has been achieved in the treatment of corneal diseases, wound healing after severe corneal damage and immunosuppressive therapy aft...Corneal diseases are a major cause of blindness in the world. Although great progress has been achieved in the treatment of corneal diseases, wound healing after severe corneal damage and immunosuppressive therapy after corneal transplantation remain prob-lematic. Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) derived from bone marrow or other adult tissues can differentiate into various types of mesenchymal lineages, such as osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes, both in vivo and in vitro. These cells can further differentiate into specific cell types under specific conditions. MSCs migrate to injury sites and promote wound healing by secreting anti-inflammatory and growth factors. In ad-dition, MSCs interact with innate and acquired immune cells and modulate the immune response through their powerful paracrine function. Over the last decade, MSCs have drawn considerable attention because of their beneficial properties and promising therapeutic prospective. Furthermore, MSCs have been applied to various studies related to wound healing, autoim-mune diseases, and organ transplantation. This review discusses the potential functions of MSCs in protecting corneal tissue and their possible mechanisms in corneal wound healing and corneal transplantation.展开更多
AIM: To detect and analyze the changes on ocular surface and tear function in type II diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR), an advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy(DR), using conventional o...AIM: To detect and analyze the changes on ocular surface and tear function in type II diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR), an advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy(DR), using conventional ophthalmic tests and the high-resolution laser scanning confocal microscopy.METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with type II diabetes were selected. Based on the diagnostic criteria and stage classification of DR, the patients were divided into the non-DR(NDR) group and the PDR group. Thirty-six patients with cataract but no other ocular and systemic disease were included as non-diabetic controls. All the patients were subjected to the conventional clinical tests of corneal sensitivity, Schirmer I test, and corneal fluorescein staining. The non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUT) and tear interferometry were conducted by a Tearscope Plus. The morphology of corneal epithelia and nerve fibers was examined using the high-resolution confocal microscopy.RESULTS: The NDR group exhibited significantly declined corneal sensitivity and Schirmer I test value, as compared to the non-diabetic controls(P <0.001). The PDR group showed significantly reduced corneal sensitivity, Schirmer I test value, and NIBUT in comparison to the non-diabetic controls(P <0.001).Corneal fluorescein staining revealed the progressively injured corneal epithelia in the PDR patients. Moreover,significant decrease in the corneal epithelial density andmorphological abnormalities in the corneal epithelia and nerve fibers were also observed in the PDR patients.CONCLUSION: Ocular surface changes, including blunted corneal sensitivity, reduced tear secretion, tear film dysfunction, progressive loss of corneal epithelia and degeneration of nerve fibers, are common in type II diabetic patients, particularly in the diabetic patients with PDR. The corneal sensitivity, fluorescein staining scores,and the density of corneal epithelial cells and nerve fibers in the diabetic patients correlate with the duration of diabetes. Therefore, ocular surface of the patients with PDR should be examined regularly by conventional approaches and confocal microscopy to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of keratopathy.展开更多
· AIM: To determine the effects of rapamycin on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis(EAU) and investigate of role of rapamycin on T cell subsets in the disease.·METHODS: EAU was induced in rats using peptid...· AIM: To determine the effects of rapamycin on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis(EAU) and investigate of role of rapamycin on T cell subsets in the disease.·METHODS: EAU was induced in rats using peptides1169 to 1191 of the interphotoreceptor binding protein(IRBP). Rapamycin(0.2 mg/kg/d) was administrated by intraperitoneal injection for a consecutive 7d after immunization. Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines, TGF-β1, and IL-6produced by lymphocyteswere measured by ELISA, while Th17 cells and CD4 +CD25 + regulatory T cells(Tregs)from rat spleen were detected by flow cytometry.·RESULTS: Intraperitoneal treatment immediately after immunization dramatically ameliorated the clinical course of EAU. Clinical responses were associated with reduced retinal inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue destruction. Rapamycin induced suppression of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-10 release from T lymphocytes of EAU rats, in vitro.Rapamycin also significantly increased TGF-β1production but had no effect on IL-6 productionof T lymphocytes from EAU rats in vitro. Furthermore,rapamycin decreased the ratio of Th17 cells/CD4 +T cells and upregulated Tregs in EAU, as detected by flow cytometry.·CONCLUSION: Rapamycin effectively interferes with T cell mediated autoimmune uveitis by inhibiting antigen-specific T cell functions and enhancing Tregs in EAU.Rapamycin is a promising new alternative as an adjunct corticosteroid-sparing agent for treating uveitis.展开更多
AIM: To analyze the optical quality after implantation of toric intraocular lens with optical quality analysis system.METHODS: Fifty-two eyes of forty-four patients with regular corneal astigmatism of at least 1.00 D ...AIM: To analyze the optical quality after implantation of toric intraocular lens with optical quality analysis system.METHODS: Fifty-two eyes of forty-four patients with regular corneal astigmatism of at least 1.00 D underwent implantation of Acry Sof toric intraocular lens, including T3 group 19 eyes, T4 group 18 eyes, T5 group 10 eyes,T6 group 5 eyes. Main outcomes evaluated at 3mo of follow-up, included uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA), residual refractive cylinder and intraocular lens(IOL) axis rotation.Objective optical quality were measured using optical quality analysis system(OQAS Ⅱ, Visiometrics, Spain),included the cutoff frequency of modulation transfer function(MTFcutoff), objective scattering index(OSI),Strehl ratio, optical quality analysis system value(OV)100%, OV 20% and OV 9% [the optical quality analysis system(OQAS) values at contrasts of 100%, 20%, and 9%].RESULTS: At 3mo postoperative, the mean UDVA and CDVA was 0.18 ±0.11 and 0.07 ±0.08 log MAR; the mean residual refractive cylinder was 0.50 ±0.29 D; the mean toric IOL axis rotation was 3.62 ±1.76 degrees, the mean MTFcutoff, OSI, Strehl ratio, OV 100%, OV 20% and OV9% were 22.862 ±5.584, 1.80 ±0.84, 0.155 ±0.038, 0.76 ±0.18,0.77±0.19 and 0.78±0.21. The values of UDVA, CDVA, IOL axis rotation, MTFcutoff, OSI, Strehl ratio, OV100%,OV20% and OV9% depending on the power of the cylinder of the implantation were not significantly different(P >0.05), except the residual refractive cylinder(P <0.05).CONCLUSION: The optical quality analysis system was useful for characterizing the optical quality of Acry Sof toric IOL implantation. Implantation of an Acry Sof toric IOL is an effective and safe method to correct corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery.展开更多
● AIM: To evaluate corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification using 2.2 mm or 1.8 mm clear corneal micro-incisions and its effects on visual function.● METHODS: Sixty cases(60 eyes) with cataract were randomly di...● AIM: To evaluate corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification using 2.2 mm or 1.8 mm clear corneal micro-incisions and its effects on visual function.● METHODS: Sixty cases(60 eyes) with cataract were randomly divided into groups A(n=30) and B(n=30) respectively underwent 2.2 mm and 1.8 mm clear corneal tunnel incision phacoemulsification combined with folding intraocular lens implantation from the time direction of 11:00. On day 1 and at 1, 4, and 6wk after operation, patients' vision was measured and both the corneal curvature and corneal thickness(CT) were recorded using Pentacam. ● RESULTS: The measured surgery-induced astigmatism(SIA) in both groups A and B peaked on day 1 after operation, and then gradually decreased and eventually stabilized in week 4. No statistically significant difference was found in corneal astigmatism between two groups(P>0.05). The measured corneal astigmatism at 4wk and 6wk postoperatively were 0.28±0.09 D and 0.27±0.10 D for groups A and 0.27±0.09 D and 0.25±0.10 D for groups B without statistically significant difference(P>0.05). In addition, no significant differences in visual acuity and CT were found between groups A and B before or after operation.● CONCLUSION: Both 2.2 mm and 1.8 mm micro-incision cataract surgeries result in relatively small SIA with no difference in visual function and corneal astigmatism between two surgery approaches. Thus, the two types of surgical systems are safe and efficient for cataract treatment, by which satisfactory uncorrected visual acuity can be regained early postoperatively.展开更多
Artificial intelligence is a general term that means to accomplish a task mainly by a computer, with the least human beings participation, and it is widely accepted as the invention of robots. With the development of ...Artificial intelligence is a general term that means to accomplish a task mainly by a computer, with the least human beings participation, and it is widely accepted as the invention of robots. With the development of this new technology, artificial intelligence has been one of the most influential information technology revolutions. We searched these English-language studies relative to ophthalmology published on PubMed and Springer databases. The application of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology mainly concentrates on the diseases with a high incidence, such as diabetic retinopathy, agerelated macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related or congenital cataract and few with retinal vein occlusion. According to the above studies, we conclude that the sensitivity of detection and accuracy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy ranged from 75% to 91.7%, for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ranged from 75% to 94.7%, for age-related macular degeneration it ranged from 75% to 100%, for retinopathy of prematurity ranged over 95%, for retinal vein occlusion just one study reported ranged over 97%, for glaucoma ranged 63.7% to 93.1%, and for cataract it achieved a more than 70% similarity against clinical grading.展开更多
AIM: To investigate protective effects of a novel recombinant decoy receptor drug RC28-E on retinal damage in early diabetic rats.METHODS: The streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into 6 gro...AIM: To investigate protective effects of a novel recombinant decoy receptor drug RC28-E on retinal damage in early diabetic rats.METHODS: The streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: diabetes mellitus(DM) group(saline, 3 μL/eye); RC28-E at low(0.33 μg/μL, 3 μL), medium(1 μg/μL, 3 μL), and high(3 μg/μL,3 μL) dose groups; vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) Trap group(1 μg/μL, 3 μL); fibroblast growth factor(FGF) Trap group(1 μg/μL, 3 μL). Normal control group was included. At week 1 and 4 following diabetic induction,the rats were intravitreally injected with the corresponding solutions. At week 6 following the induction, apoptosis in retinal vessels was detected by TUNEL staining.Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) expression was examined by immunofluorescence. Blood-retinal barrier(BRB) breakdown was assessed by Evans blue assay.Ultrastructural changes in choroidal and retinal vessels were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Content of VEGF and FGF proteins in retina was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The retinal expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), VEGF and FGF genes was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).RESULTS: TUNEL staining showed that the aberrantly increased apoptotic cells death in diabetic retinal vascular network was significantly reduced by treatments of medium and high dose RC28-E, VEGF Trap, and FGF Trap(all P<0.05), the effects of medium and high dose RC28-E or FGF Trap were greater than VEGF Trap(P<0.01). GFAP staining suggested that reactive gliosis was substantially inhibited in all RC28-E and VEGF Trap groups, but the inhibition in FGF Trap group was not as prominent.Evans blue assay demonstrated that only high dose RC28-E could significantly reduce vascular leakage in early diabetic retina(P<0.01). TEM revealed that the ultrastructures in choroidal and retinal vessels were damaged in early diabetic retina, which was ameliorated to differential extents by each drug. The expression of VEGF and FGF2 proteins was significantly upregulated in early diabetic retina, and normalized by RC28-E at all dosages and by the corresponding Traps. The upregulation of ICAM-1 and TNF-α in diabetic retina was substantially suppressed by RC28-E and positive control drugs.CONCLUSION: Dual blockade of VEGF and FGF2 by RC28-E generates remarkable protective effects, including anti-apoptosis, anti-gliosis, anti-leakage, and improving ultrastructures and proinflammatory microenvironment,in early diabetic retina, thereby supporting further development of RC28-E into a novel and effective drug to diabetic retinopathy(DR).展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81500745No.81670875)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.16JCQNJC12700No.15JCZDJC34500)
文摘AIM:To determine the prevalence of vision impairment(VI)and refractive error in first year university students at the Tianjin Medical University.METHODS:This is a cross-sectional observational cohort study of VI and refractive error among first year university students at the Tianjin Medical University.The first year university students were involved in this study and were given a detailed questionnaire including age,birth date,and spectacle wearing history.A standardized ophthalmologic examination including visual acuity(VA),slit-lamp examination,non-cycloplegic auto-refraction,objective refraction,fundus photography,and examination of their spectacles were recorded.RESULTS:A total of 3654 participants were included in this study.Totally 3436(94.03%) individuals had VI in this population.Totally 150(4.10%) individuals had VI due to ocular disease,including amblyopia,congenital cataract,retinal atrophy or degeneration,strabismus,congenital nystagmus,refractive surgery orthokeratology.Totally 3286(89.93%) subjects had VI due to refractive error.Only 218(5.97%) students were emmetropia.Moreover,refractive error was the main cause for the VI(95.63%).Totally 3242(92.52%) students were myopia and the prevalence of mild,moderate,and high myopia subgroup was 27.05%,44.35%,and 21.26% respectively.Totally 44(1.29%) subjects were hyperopic.The rates of uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),presenting visual acuity(PVA)and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)which better than 20/20 in both eyes were 5.65%,22.32% and 82.13% respectively.The rates of correction,under correction and well correction in myopia subjects were 82.73%,84.39% and 15.61%,respectively. CONCLUSION:We present a high prevalence of refractive errors and high rates of under correction refractive error among first year university students.These results may help to promote vision protection work in young adults.
基金Supported by China Scholarship Council(CSC,No.202006945002)Chunhui Project of China Education Ministry(No.HZKY20220587)+1 种基金Tianjin Health Technology Research Project(No.TJWJ2022MS014)Tianjin Municipal Education Commission Scientific Research Program(Mental Health Education,No.2022ZDGX20).
文摘AIM:To investigate time trends in myopia and high myopia prevalence over 6y among young university adults in China.METHODS:This is a 6-year series cross-sectional study from 2016 to 2021.Totally 4910 freshmen were enrolled and completed a questionnaire concerning age,gender,and disease history.Students with eye diseases were excluded after a detailed eye examination.The refractive status was measured by non-cycloplegic objective refraction and ocular parameters were measured by Lenstar 900.The examination followed the same protocol each year.Trends over time in myopia and high myopia prevalence,as well as ocular biometry parameters,were analyzed.RESULTS:From 2016 to 2021,the axial length(AL)and corneal radius(CR)increased significantly(P=0.002 for AL;P=0.04 for CR).However,the spherical equivalent(SE)and the ratio of axial length to the corneal radius(AL/CR)did not change significantly(P=0.59 for SE;P=0.24 for AL/CR).The frequency of AL≥26.0 mm increased from 26.6%in 2016 to 29.3%in 2021(P=0.05 for trend).The prevalence of myopia and high myopia did not change significantly in our study(P≥0.18).Compared to a similar cross-sectional study conducted 10 years ago,the prevalence of myopia decreased significantly(94.9%vs 91.8%,P<0.001).Whereas the prevalence of high myopia increased largely(18.12%vs 27.6%,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of high myopia increases in young university adults during 10y period.Myopia control should begin earlier in childhood.However,these interventions are still needed for high myopia even in young adulthood.
基金Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education of China (No.2018KJ056)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of refractive errors and ocular biometry in 3573 freshman students at Tianjin Medical University for 4 consecutive years.METHODS:In this university-based, cross-sectional study, comprising 3573 students, visual acuity(VA), slitlamp examination, non-cycloplegic auto-refraction, and ocular biometry were recorded.RESULTS:The prevalence of myopia increased annually, from 2017 to 2020 were 93.5%, 94.5%, 95.9%, and 96.2%, respectively(P=0.03), and the prevalence of high myopia was 25.7%, 26.9%, 28.6%, and 28.6%, respectively. Males tended to have a higher percentage of total astigmatism than females, with astigmatism ≥0.75 and ≥1.0 D criteria. The percentage of with-the-rule astigmatism, against-therule astigmatism, and oblique astigmatism was 90.3%, 5.8%, and 3.9%, respectively, with astigmatism ≥1.00 D criteria. The mean spherical equivalent, axial length(AL), central corneal thickness(CCT), anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), corneal radius(CR), and lens position(LP) were 4.37±2.52 D, 25.28±1.24 mm, 539.49±34.98 μm, 3.31±0.34 mm, 3.47±0.21 mm, 7.8±0.28 mm, and 5.04±0.32 mm, respectively. With diopter increase in myopia, the AL became longer, CR became steeper, ACD became deeper, LT became thinner, and LP became more posterior(all P<0.01). Females had a shorter AL, thinner CCT, smaller CR, shallower ACD, thicker lens, and more anterior LP than males(P<0.01). The 64% of high myopia had AL≥26 mm, meanwhile, 5.8% mild myopia and 21.1% moderate myopia had AL≥26 mm. With AL≥26 mm, mild and moderate myopia compared to high myopia, AL was shorter(26.51±0.46 vs 26.87±0.70 mm), CR was larger(8.10±0.3 vs 7.85±0.23 mm) and LT was thinner(3.39±0.19 vs 3.45±0.19 mm, P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of myopia and high myopia is significantly high in freshman students. The majority of astigmatism is with-the-rule. Inconformity of refractive errors and ocular biometry existed in some students. Attention should be paid to the ocular biometry of myopia.
文摘Dry eye disease(DED),primarily classified as multifactorial ocular surface disorder,afflicts tens of millions of individuals worldwide,adversely impacting their quality of life.Extensive research has been conducted on tear film analysis over the past decades,offering a range of tests to evaluate its volume,health,and integrity.Yet,early diagnosis and effective treatment for DED continue to pose significant challenges in clinical settings.Nevertheless,by recognizing key phenomena in DED such as ocular surface inflammation,hyperosmolarity,and tear film instability,this article provides a comprehensive overview of both traditional and recently developed methods for diagnosing and monitoring DED.The information serves as a valuable resource not only for clinical diagnosis but also for further research into DED.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(No.20JCZXJC00040)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(No.Specialty)Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK-037A)The Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(No.2022ZD058)。
文摘AIM:To observe ocular surface changes after phacovitrectomy in patients with mild to moderate meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)-type dry eye and track clinical treatment response using a Keratograph 5M and a Lipi View interferometer.METHODS:Forty cases were randomized into control group A and treatment group B;the latter received meibomian gland treatment 3d before phacovitrectomy and sodium hyaluronate before and after surgery.The average non-invasive tear film break-up time(NITBUTav),first noninvasive tear film break-up time(NITBUTf),non-invasive measured tear meniscus height(NTMH),meibomian gland loss(MGL),lipid layer thickness(LLT)and partial blink rate(PBR)were measured preoperatively and 1wk,1 and 3mo postoperatively.RESULTS:The NITBUTav values of group A at 1wk(4.38±0.47),1mo(6.76±0.70),and 3mo(7.25±0.68)were significantly lower than those of group B(7.45±0.78,10.46±0.97,and 11.31±0.89;P=0.002,0.004,and 0.001,respectively).The NTMH values of group B at 1wk(0.20±0.01)and 1mo(0.22±0.01)were markedly higher than those of group A(0.15±0.01 and 0.15±0.01;P=0.008 and P<0.001,respectively);however,there was no difference at 3mo.The LLT of group B at 3mo[91.5(76.25-100.00)]significantly exceeded that of group A[65.00(54.50-91.25),P=0.017].No obvious intergroup difference was found in MGL or PBR(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Mild to moderate MGD dry eye worsens in the short term after phacovitrectomy.Preoperative cleaning,hot compresses,and meibomian gland massage as well as preoperative and postoperative sodium hyaluronate promote the rapid recovery of tear film stability.
基金Supported by Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(No.NTJYXZDXK-037A).
文摘Dear Editor,Ocular trauma can cause severe visual functional impairment.The management is often challenging due to multistructures affected.Toric intraocular lens(IOL)implantation can be an effective method for the treatment of traumatic corneal astigmatism^([1]).Because of the optic design,the toric IOLs require more precise centration.Conventional toric IOL fixation methods require two-point fixation,which make the IOL tilting unpredictable,and have not been the first choice for patients without sufficient capsule and iris support.Now,we report a rare case of a woman with posttraumatic aniridia.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81970769,No.81770890,No.81900891)。
文摘AIM: To investigate the regulatory roles of the members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)family in lacrimal gland dysfunction under conditions of desiccating stress or diabetes.METHODS: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) was used to examine the expression of PPARs in the cornea, conjunctiva, meibomian gland, and lacrimal gland in adult rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups:a control group, dry eye group, and diabetic group. The phenol red threads test, tear film break-up time(BUT) test and fluorescein staining were carried out to evaluate the development of dry eye. Based on bioinformatics research,qP CR was used to examine the expression level of PPARγ,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6), sirtuin 1(Sirt1), myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88) and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)in the lacrimal glands.RESULTS: PPARα and PPARβ/δ were mainly expressed in the conjunctiva and the lacrimal gland, respectively.However, PPARγ was expressed in both the conjunctiva and lacrimal gland, at much higher levels than those measured for PPARα and PPARβ/δ. Dry eye rats and diabetic rats both showed decreased tear secretion, shortened BUT,and increased corneal staining. Significant changes in gene expression were observed compared with the control group. In the lacrimal glands of dry eye rats and diabetic rats, expression of PPARγ decreased(P<0.05), expression of Sirt1 also decreased(P<0.01), whereas expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MyD88, and TGF-β increased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Among PPARs, PPARγ might play a dominant role in the regulation of metabolic-and inflammatorysignaling pathways on the ocular surfaces and in lacrimal glands. Down-regulation of PPARγ is highly relevant to lacrimal gland dysfunction under desiccating-stress and diabetic conditions. PPARγ, thus, is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of environment-or diabetes-induced dry eye diseases.
基金Supported by the Project of Science and Technology of Tianjin(No.17ZXHLSY00030).
文摘AIM:To investigate the influence of unilateral congenital ptosis on the development of the eye and vision in children.METHODS:In this prospective observational study,41 patients with unilateral congenital ptosis were enrolled(age range 3-15y).The blepharoptosis was divided into 3 subgroups according to the margin reflex distance-1(MRD-1),including mild group(MRD-1>2 mm),moderate group(0<MRD-1<2 mm),and severe group(MRD-1<0 mm).The fellow eyes served as controls.All subjects underwent ocular examinations,including axial length,keratometry,and refractive error.RESULTS:The incidence of astigmatism(ptotic eyes:58.5%vs fellow eyes:24.4%,P=0.002)and magnitude of cylindrical power(ptotic eyes:-0.86±0.79 D vs fellow eyes:-0.43±0.63 D,P=0.003)differed significantly between the ptotic eyes and the fellow eyes.The spherical equivalent refraction(P=0.006),spherical power(P=0.01),cylindrical power(P=0.011),axial length-corneal radius(AL/CR)ratio(P=0.009),frequency of hyperopia(P=0.002)and astigmatism(P=0.004)were significantly different among the ptotic eye subgroups and the fellow eye group.In addition,in patients with congenital ptosis,the incidence of amblyopia is 43.9%and the incidence of anisometropia is 24.4%.More importantly,the ratio of AL/CR showed significantly positive correlation with the severity of ptosis(P=0.002).CONCLUSION:Congenital ptosis may lead to a delayed eyeball development in the aspect of AL/CR.The risk of amblyopia is also increased due to visual deprivation and aggravated anisometropia,particularly in severe ptosis case.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61675151 and 81570872)the Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission Grants,China(Grant No.15JCYBJC24900)the Clinical Research Foundation of Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute,China(Grant No.16YKJS002)
文摘In recent years, the advances in terahertz applications have stimulated interest in the biological effects associated with this frequency range. We study the gene expression profile in three types of cells exposed to terahertz radiation,i.e., human ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells, simian virus 40-transformed human corneal epithelial cells, and human MIO-M1 Müller cells. We find that the gene expression in response to heat shock is unaffected, indicating that the minimum temperature increases under controlled environment. The transcriptome sequencing survey demonstrates that 6-hour irradiation with a broadband terahertz source results in specific change in gene expression and also the biological functions that are closely related to these genes. Our results imply that the effect of terahertz radiation on gene expression can last over 15 hours and depends on the type of cell.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81770901)。
文摘The incidences of open angle glaucoma(OAG)and high myopia are increasing concomitantly.Considering the aging population and concurrent rapid increase in the number of individuals with myopia,the risk of visual defects caused by highly myopic OAG is likely to increase dramatically over the next few decades.However,precise screening and diagnosis of OAG is challenging because of the tilt and rotation of the optic disc,as well as extensiveβ-zone parapapillary atrophy in highly myopic eyes.Recent advances in optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA)technologies imply that both modalities are promising tools for the detection of highly myopic OAG.Notably,the diagnosis of OAG remains to be determined with the longitudinal changes of functional damages(e.g.visual field defect,visual electrophysiological changes).We herein describe some aspects of microvascular and microstructural pathology in patients with highly myopic OAG and proposes a framework for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
文摘AIM:To assess the correlation between disorganization of the retinal inner layers(DRIL)and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in patients with uveitis and macular edema(UME)who underwent systemic treatment using optical coherence tomography(OCT).METHODS:A retrospective clinical study of 23 patients(30 eyes)with DRIL and 23 patients(31 eyes)without DRIL secondary to UME were included.All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations at baseline,3,6,and 12 mo after local and systemic treatment.The OCTbased parameters included foveal center point thickness(FCPT),mean thickness(MT),and diameters of DRIL in horizontal and vertical directions.BCVA and OCT-based parameters were compared between the two groups.The relationship between each OCT parameter and BCVA was evaluated using linear correlation and regression analysis.RESULTS:At the initial visit,the mean baseline FCPT was 441.03±128.68μm in the eyes with DRIL and 337.26±99.31μm in the eyes without DRIL(P=0.001).No significant differences were observed in MT(P=0.357).The mean size of transverse and vertical diameters of DRIL was 684.07±267.51 and 267.07±104.61μm at baseline,respectively.There was significant improvement in BCVA and OCT-based parameters at 3,6,and 12 mo in all cases(P<0.001 for each timepoint).In addition,significant differences were detected in BCVA and OCT parameters between eyes with and without DRIL at each time point(P<0.01 for each timepoint).A greater DRIL range at baseline was associated with a worse baseline BCVA(transverse diameter of DRIL:r=0.875,P<0.001;vertical diameter of DRIL:r=0.622,P<0.001).The transverse diameter of baseline DRIL was found to be significantly correlated with the final BCVA(P=0.003).CONCLUSION:The improvement in BCVA is associated with DRIL in patients with UME.DRIL is an easy-todetermine and robust imaging biomarker that could help predict BCVA prognosis in eyes with UME.
基金Supported by the Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK-037A)Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the differences between human lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma with high-grade transformation(LACC-HGT)primar y cells cultured by high-grade transformation tissue and non-high-grade transformation(non-HGT)primary cells cultured by non-highgrade transformation tissue in proliferation,metastasis,drug susceptibility,and genes.METHODS:LACC-HGT primary cells were established by tissue block culture,and the 4^(th)to 10^(th)generation primary cells were selected as research objects.The cells were preliminarily identified by immunofluorescent staining.The differences between non-HGT and LACC-HGT primary cells in terms of proliferation,metastasis,and drug susceptibility were compared by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,wound healing,and drug sensitivity experiments.Differentially expressed genes were screened using mRNA array.Gene expression was analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).RESULTS:LACC-HGT primary cells were successfully cultured by tissue block culture.Immunofluorescence staining results showed that cytokeratin(CK)and CK7 expression levels were positive in LACC-HGT primary cells.CCK-8 results showed that the proliferation ability of LACCHGT cells was significantly higher than that of non-HGT cells.Wound healing experiment showed that the migration ability of LACC-HGT cells was significantly higher than that of non-HGT cells.LACC-HGT cells were also less sensitive to cisplatin and paclitaxel than non-HGT cells.Compared with non-HGT cells,9566 differentially expressed genes were found in LACC-HGT primary cells,of which 5162 were upregulated and 4404 were down-regulated.The expression of N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase(NPL),MARVEL domain containing 3(MARVELD3),syntabulin(SYBU),and allograft inflammatory factor 1(AIF1)was higher in LACCHGT cells than in non-HGT cells,whereas that of periostin(POSTN)was lower.CONCLUSION:LACC-HGT primary cells have faster proliferation,stronger migration ability,and poorer sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs than non-HGT primary cells.The expression of mRNAs in non-HGT and LACC-HGT primary cells are significantly different.These features are speculated to be the reasons why high-grade transformation tissues exhibit higher malignant degree and poorer prognosis than their counterparts.
文摘AIM: To investigate the pooled prevalence of diabetic retinopathy(DR), proliferative DR(PDR) and nonproliferative DR(NPDR) in Asian type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) patients. METHODS: We performed a systematic search online search using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and China WeiPu Library to identify eligible studies that reported the prevalence of DR, PDR and NPDR in Asian T2 DM patients. Effect size(ES) with 95% confidence interval(CI) was used to evaluate the prevalence of DR, PDR and NPDR in Asian T2 DM patients, respectively. RESULTS: There were 41 references and 48 995 T2 DM patients involved in this study. The prevalence of DR, PDR, and NPDR was 28%, 6%, and 27% in T2 DM patients, respectively; while the prevalence of PDR and NPDR in DR patients was 17% and 83%, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that prevalence of DR in T2 DM patients from Singaporean, Indian, South Korean, Malaysian, Asian, and Chinese was 33%, 42%, 16%, 35%, 21% and 25%, respectively. In T2 DM patients with NPDR from Indian, South Korean, Malaysian, Asian, Chinese, higher prevalence was found than that in PDR patients(45% vs 17%, 13% vs 3%, 30% vs 5%, 23% vs 2% and 22% vs 3%), as well as in DR patients(74% vs 26%, 81% vs 19%, 86% vs 14%, 92% vs 8% and 85% vs 15%). The prevalence of PDR in T2 DM from India was higher than patients fromother locations of Asia, and the same results were also observed in NPDR patients. CONCLUSION: In either T2 DM Asian patients or DR patients, NPDR is more common than PDR. Based on our results, we should pay more attention to NPDR screening and management in T2 DM patients, and we also recommend suitable interventions to prevent its progression.
文摘Corneal diseases are a major cause of blindness in the world. Although great progress has been achieved in the treatment of corneal diseases, wound healing after severe corneal damage and immunosuppressive therapy after corneal transplantation remain prob-lematic. Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) derived from bone marrow or other adult tissues can differentiate into various types of mesenchymal lineages, such as osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes, both in vivo and in vitro. These cells can further differentiate into specific cell types under specific conditions. MSCs migrate to injury sites and promote wound healing by secreting anti-inflammatory and growth factors. In ad-dition, MSCs interact with innate and acquired immune cells and modulate the immune response through their powerful paracrine function. Over the last decade, MSCs have drawn considerable attention because of their beneficial properties and promising therapeutic prospective. Furthermore, MSCs have been applied to various studies related to wound healing, autoim-mune diseases, and organ transplantation. This review discusses the potential functions of MSCs in protecting corneal tissue and their possible mechanisms in corneal wound healing and corneal transplantation.
基金Supported by Shanxi China Scientific and Technological Project(No.2007031096-1)Ph.D.Program Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.20111202110008)
文摘AIM: To detect and analyze the changes on ocular surface and tear function in type II diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR), an advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy(DR), using conventional ophthalmic tests and the high-resolution laser scanning confocal microscopy.METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with type II diabetes were selected. Based on the diagnostic criteria and stage classification of DR, the patients were divided into the non-DR(NDR) group and the PDR group. Thirty-six patients with cataract but no other ocular and systemic disease were included as non-diabetic controls. All the patients were subjected to the conventional clinical tests of corneal sensitivity, Schirmer I test, and corneal fluorescein staining. The non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUT) and tear interferometry were conducted by a Tearscope Plus. The morphology of corneal epithelia and nerve fibers was examined using the high-resolution confocal microscopy.RESULTS: The NDR group exhibited significantly declined corneal sensitivity and Schirmer I test value, as compared to the non-diabetic controls(P <0.001). The PDR group showed significantly reduced corneal sensitivity, Schirmer I test value, and NIBUT in comparison to the non-diabetic controls(P <0.001).Corneal fluorescein staining revealed the progressively injured corneal epithelia in the PDR patients. Moreover,significant decrease in the corneal epithelial density andmorphological abnormalities in the corneal epithelia and nerve fibers were also observed in the PDR patients.CONCLUSION: Ocular surface changes, including blunted corneal sensitivity, reduced tear secretion, tear film dysfunction, progressive loss of corneal epithelia and degeneration of nerve fibers, are common in type II diabetic patients, particularly in the diabetic patients with PDR. The corneal sensitivity, fluorescein staining scores,and the density of corneal epithelial cells and nerve fibers in the diabetic patients correlate with the duration of diabetes. Therefore, ocular surface of the patients with PDR should be examined regularly by conventional approaches and confocal microscopy to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of keratopathy.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81371005)
文摘· AIM: To determine the effects of rapamycin on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis(EAU) and investigate of role of rapamycin on T cell subsets in the disease.·METHODS: EAU was induced in rats using peptides1169 to 1191 of the interphotoreceptor binding protein(IRBP). Rapamycin(0.2 mg/kg/d) was administrated by intraperitoneal injection for a consecutive 7d after immunization. Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines, TGF-β1, and IL-6produced by lymphocyteswere measured by ELISA, while Th17 cells and CD4 +CD25 + regulatory T cells(Tregs)from rat spleen were detected by flow cytometry.·RESULTS: Intraperitoneal treatment immediately after immunization dramatically ameliorated the clinical course of EAU. Clinical responses were associated with reduced retinal inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue destruction. Rapamycin induced suppression of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-10 release from T lymphocytes of EAU rats, in vitro.Rapamycin also significantly increased TGF-β1production but had no effect on IL-6 productionof T lymphocytes from EAU rats in vitro. Furthermore,rapamycin decreased the ratio of Th17 cells/CD4 +T cells and upregulated Tregs in EAU, as detected by flow cytometry.·CONCLUSION: Rapamycin effectively interferes with T cell mediated autoimmune uveitis by inhibiting antigen-specific T cell functions and enhancing Tregs in EAU.Rapamycin is a promising new alternative as an adjunct corticosteroid-sparing agent for treating uveitis.
文摘AIM: To analyze the optical quality after implantation of toric intraocular lens with optical quality analysis system.METHODS: Fifty-two eyes of forty-four patients with regular corneal astigmatism of at least 1.00 D underwent implantation of Acry Sof toric intraocular lens, including T3 group 19 eyes, T4 group 18 eyes, T5 group 10 eyes,T6 group 5 eyes. Main outcomes evaluated at 3mo of follow-up, included uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA), residual refractive cylinder and intraocular lens(IOL) axis rotation.Objective optical quality were measured using optical quality analysis system(OQAS Ⅱ, Visiometrics, Spain),included the cutoff frequency of modulation transfer function(MTFcutoff), objective scattering index(OSI),Strehl ratio, optical quality analysis system value(OV)100%, OV 20% and OV 9% [the optical quality analysis system(OQAS) values at contrasts of 100%, 20%, and 9%].RESULTS: At 3mo postoperative, the mean UDVA and CDVA was 0.18 ±0.11 and 0.07 ±0.08 log MAR; the mean residual refractive cylinder was 0.50 ±0.29 D; the mean toric IOL axis rotation was 3.62 ±1.76 degrees, the mean MTFcutoff, OSI, Strehl ratio, OV 100%, OV 20% and OV9% were 22.862 ±5.584, 1.80 ±0.84, 0.155 ±0.038, 0.76 ±0.18,0.77±0.19 and 0.78±0.21. The values of UDVA, CDVA, IOL axis rotation, MTFcutoff, OSI, Strehl ratio, OV100%,OV20% and OV9% depending on the power of the cylinder of the implantation were not significantly different(P >0.05), except the residual refractive cylinder(P <0.05).CONCLUSION: The optical quality analysis system was useful for characterizing the optical quality of Acry Sof toric IOL implantation. Implantation of an Acry Sof toric IOL is an effective and safe method to correct corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery.
文摘● AIM: To evaluate corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification using 2.2 mm or 1.8 mm clear corneal micro-incisions and its effects on visual function.● METHODS: Sixty cases(60 eyes) with cataract were randomly divided into groups A(n=30) and B(n=30) respectively underwent 2.2 mm and 1.8 mm clear corneal tunnel incision phacoemulsification combined with folding intraocular lens implantation from the time direction of 11:00. On day 1 and at 1, 4, and 6wk after operation, patients' vision was measured and both the corneal curvature and corneal thickness(CT) were recorded using Pentacam. ● RESULTS: The measured surgery-induced astigmatism(SIA) in both groups A and B peaked on day 1 after operation, and then gradually decreased and eventually stabilized in week 4. No statistically significant difference was found in corneal astigmatism between two groups(P>0.05). The measured corneal astigmatism at 4wk and 6wk postoperatively were 0.28±0.09 D and 0.27±0.10 D for groups A and 0.27±0.09 D and 0.25±0.10 D for groups B without statistically significant difference(P>0.05). In addition, no significant differences in visual acuity and CT were found between groups A and B before or after operation.● CONCLUSION: Both 2.2 mm and 1.8 mm micro-incision cataract surgeries result in relatively small SIA with no difference in visual function and corneal astigmatism between two surgery approaches. Thus, the two types of surgical systems are safe and efficient for cataract treatment, by which satisfactory uncorrected visual acuity can be regained early postoperatively.
文摘Artificial intelligence is a general term that means to accomplish a task mainly by a computer, with the least human beings participation, and it is widely accepted as the invention of robots. With the development of this new technology, artificial intelligence has been one of the most influential information technology revolutions. We searched these English-language studies relative to ophthalmology published on PubMed and Springer databases. The application of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology mainly concentrates on the diseases with a high incidence, such as diabetic retinopathy, agerelated macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related or congenital cataract and few with retinal vein occlusion. According to the above studies, we conclude that the sensitivity of detection and accuracy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy ranged from 75% to 91.7%, for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ranged from 75% to 94.7%, for age-related macular degeneration it ranged from 75% to 100%, for retinopathy of prematurity ranged over 95%, for retinal vein occlusion just one study reported ranged over 97%, for glaucoma ranged 63.7% to 93.1%, and for cataract it achieved a more than 70% similarity against clinical grading.
文摘AIM: To investigate protective effects of a novel recombinant decoy receptor drug RC28-E on retinal damage in early diabetic rats.METHODS: The streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: diabetes mellitus(DM) group(saline, 3 μL/eye); RC28-E at low(0.33 μg/μL, 3 μL), medium(1 μg/μL, 3 μL), and high(3 μg/μL,3 μL) dose groups; vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) Trap group(1 μg/μL, 3 μL); fibroblast growth factor(FGF) Trap group(1 μg/μL, 3 μL). Normal control group was included. At week 1 and 4 following diabetic induction,the rats were intravitreally injected with the corresponding solutions. At week 6 following the induction, apoptosis in retinal vessels was detected by TUNEL staining.Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) expression was examined by immunofluorescence. Blood-retinal barrier(BRB) breakdown was assessed by Evans blue assay.Ultrastructural changes in choroidal and retinal vessels were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Content of VEGF and FGF proteins in retina was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The retinal expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), VEGF and FGF genes was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).RESULTS: TUNEL staining showed that the aberrantly increased apoptotic cells death in diabetic retinal vascular network was significantly reduced by treatments of medium and high dose RC28-E, VEGF Trap, and FGF Trap(all P<0.05), the effects of medium and high dose RC28-E or FGF Trap were greater than VEGF Trap(P<0.01). GFAP staining suggested that reactive gliosis was substantially inhibited in all RC28-E and VEGF Trap groups, but the inhibition in FGF Trap group was not as prominent.Evans blue assay demonstrated that only high dose RC28-E could significantly reduce vascular leakage in early diabetic retina(P<0.01). TEM revealed that the ultrastructures in choroidal and retinal vessels were damaged in early diabetic retina, which was ameliorated to differential extents by each drug. The expression of VEGF and FGF2 proteins was significantly upregulated in early diabetic retina, and normalized by RC28-E at all dosages and by the corresponding Traps. The upregulation of ICAM-1 and TNF-α in diabetic retina was substantially suppressed by RC28-E and positive control drugs.CONCLUSION: Dual blockade of VEGF and FGF2 by RC28-E generates remarkable protective effects, including anti-apoptosis, anti-gliosis, anti-leakage, and improving ultrastructures and proinflammatory microenvironment,in early diabetic retina, thereby supporting further development of RC28-E into a novel and effective drug to diabetic retinopathy(DR).
