Plasmonic photocatalysis represents the synergetic union of two active fields of research:plasmonic effects in illuminated metallic nanoparticles and catalytic effects in tailored metallic nanoparticles.Traditionally,...Plasmonic photocatalysis represents the synergetic union of two active fields of research:plasmonic effects in illuminated metallic nanoparticles and catalytic effects in tailored metallic nanoparticles.Traditionally,metallic nanoparticles that excel for one application are limited for the other,but recent developments have shown that desirable catalytic behaviors,such as reduced activation barriers and improved product selectivity,derive from nonthermal behaviors uniquely produced by this synergy.After examining such findings,this review will address a specific debate that has recently surfaced:what is the relative degree of contributions of thermal and nonthermal effects in plasmonic photocatalysis?We demonstrate the importance of correctly accounting for thermal effects before characterizing nonthermal contributions.We show that another synergy occurs:these desirable nonthermal behaviors have a temperature dependence,and the resulting temperature-dependent reaction rates far exceed what can be explained from purely thermal effects alone.Thus,the synergy of plasmonic photocatalysis offers an exciting new contribution to the quest for efficient,selective,sustainable methods for chemical synthesis and energy conversion.展开更多
Medical implants with functionalities such as sensing,health monitoring,stimulation,diagnosis,and physiological treatment are rapidly growing.With the increasing functional sophistication and addition of modules such ...Medical implants with functionalities such as sensing,health monitoring,stimulation,diagnosis,and physiological treatment are rapidly growing.With the increasing functional sophistication and addition of modules such as data transmission,on-chip processing,and data storage,energy demand of the implantable system is also growing.Using implantable energy harvester either to recharge or ultimately replace hazardous battery is essential to provide a long-term sustainable solution.Energy harvesting techniques using piezoelectric,thermoelectric,radio frequency power transmission,biofuel,and photoelectronic(or sometimes termed as“photovoltaic”in terms of solar light harvesting,i.e.,PV)conversion,have been attempted for the implantable,but these methods are currently limited by insufficient power output,large footprint,and low efficiency.Nevertheless,the planar PV with potential of lighter weight,higher energy density,and higher efficiency,provides promising power solution for in-body medical implants.In this short review,we will discuss the potential opportunities and challenges associated with PV's for medical implants,covering materials,to devices,and to system level requirements.展开更多
基金The authors thank Dr.Xiao Zhang,Dr Matthew E.Reish,and Professor Weitao Yang for their valuable contributions to this work.Work at Duke was supported in part by the National Science Foundation(CHE-1565657)and the Army Research Office(Award W911NF-15-1-0320).X.L.was supported by the Department of Defense(DoD)through the National Defense Science&Engineering Graduate Fellowship(NDSEG)Program.
文摘Plasmonic photocatalysis represents the synergetic union of two active fields of research:plasmonic effects in illuminated metallic nanoparticles and catalytic effects in tailored metallic nanoparticles.Traditionally,metallic nanoparticles that excel for one application are limited for the other,but recent developments have shown that desirable catalytic behaviors,such as reduced activation barriers and improved product selectivity,derive from nonthermal behaviors uniquely produced by this synergy.After examining such findings,this review will address a specific debate that has recently surfaced:what is the relative degree of contributions of thermal and nonthermal effects in plasmonic photocatalysis?We demonstrate the importance of correctly accounting for thermal effects before characterizing nonthermal contributions.We show that another synergy occurs:these desirable nonthermal behaviors have a temperature dependence,and the resulting temperature-dependent reaction rates far exceed what can be explained from purely thermal effects alone.Thus,the synergy of plasmonic photocatalysis offers an exciting new contribution to the quest for efficient,selective,sustainable methods for chemical synthesis and energy conversion.
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy(EERE)under the Solar Energy Technologies Office Award Number DE-EE0009364K.W.acknowledges the support from U.S.DOE EERE under the Solar Energy Technologies Office award number DE-EE0009364.S.P+1 种基金the support through DOE STTR program(Prime-NanoSonic Inc.),DE-SC0019844.S.K.Kthe support from U.S.Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture(USDA-NIFA),under Award No.2019-67021-28991.
文摘Medical implants with functionalities such as sensing,health monitoring,stimulation,diagnosis,and physiological treatment are rapidly growing.With the increasing functional sophistication and addition of modules such as data transmission,on-chip processing,and data storage,energy demand of the implantable system is also growing.Using implantable energy harvester either to recharge or ultimately replace hazardous battery is essential to provide a long-term sustainable solution.Energy harvesting techniques using piezoelectric,thermoelectric,radio frequency power transmission,biofuel,and photoelectronic(or sometimes termed as“photovoltaic”in terms of solar light harvesting,i.e.,PV)conversion,have been attempted for the implantable,but these methods are currently limited by insufficient power output,large footprint,and low efficiency.Nevertheless,the planar PV with potential of lighter weight,higher energy density,and higher efficiency,provides promising power solution for in-body medical implants.In this short review,we will discuss the potential opportunities and challenges associated with PV's for medical implants,covering materials,to devices,and to system level requirements.
