Sb_(2)Se_(3) with unique one-dimensional(1D) crystal structure exhibits exceptional deformation tolerance,demonstrating great application potential in flexible devices.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of f...Sb_(2)Se_(3) with unique one-dimensional(1D) crystal structure exhibits exceptional deformation tolerance,demonstrating great application potential in flexible devices.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) photovoltaic devices is temporarily limited by the complicated intrinsic defects and the undesirable contact interfaces.Herein,a high-quality Sb_(2)Se_(3) absorber layer with large crystal grains and benign [hkl] growth orientation can be first prepared on a Mo foil substrate.Then NaF intermediate layer is introduced between Mo and Sb_(2)Se_(3),which can further optimize the growth of Sb_(2)Se_(3)thin film.Moreover,positive Na ion diffusion enables it to dramatically lower barrier height at the back contact interface and passivate harmful defects at both bulk and heterojunction.As a result,the champion substrate structured Mo-foil/Mo/NaF/Sb_(2)Se_(3)/CdS/ITO/Ag flexible thin-film solar cell delivers an obviously higher efficiency of 8.03% and a record open-circuit voltage(V_(OC)) of 0.492 V.This flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) device also exhibits excellent stability and flexibility to stand large bending radius and multiple bending times,as well as superior weak light photo-response with derived efficiency of 12.60%.This work presents an effective strategy to enhance the flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) device performance and expand its potential photovoltaic applications.展开更多
Candida auris since it discovery in 2009 is becoming a severe threat to human health due to its very quickly spread, its worldwide high resistance to systemic antifungal drugs. In resource-constrained settings where s...Candida auris since it discovery in 2009 is becoming a severe threat to human health due to its very quickly spread, its worldwide high resistance to systemic antifungal drugs. In resource-constrained settings where several conditions are met for its emergence and spread, this worrisome fungus could cause large hospital and/or community-based outbreaks. This review aimed to summarize the available data on C. auris in Africa focusing on its epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile. Major databases were searched for articles on the epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile of C. auris in Africa. Out of 2,521 articles identified 22 met the inclusion criteria. In Africa, nearly 89% of African countries have no published data on C. auris. The prevalence of C. auris in Africa was 8.74%. The case fatality rate of C. auris infection in Africa was 39.46%. The main C. auris risk factors reported in Africa were cardiovascular disease, renal failure, diabetes, HIV, recent intake of antimicrobial drugs, ICU admissions, surgery, hemodialysis, parenteral nutrition and indwelling devices. Four phylogenetic clades were reported in Africa, namely clades I, II, III and IV. Candida auris showed a pan-African very high resistance rate to fluconazole, moderate resistance to amphotericin B, and high susceptibility to echinocandins. Finally, C. auris clade-specific mutations were observed within the ERG2, ERG3, ERG9, ERG11, FKS1, TAC1b and MRR1 genes in Africa. This systematic review showed the presence of C. auris in the African continent and a worrying unavailability of data on this resilient fungus in most African countries.展开更多
The synthesis of new 4-imino-4H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(5H)-amine in four steps including one step under microwave dielectric heating is reported. The structural identity of the synthesized compounds was establishe...The synthesis of new 4-imino-4H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(5H)-amine in four steps including one step under microwave dielectric heating is reported. The structural identity of the synthesized compounds was established according to their spectroscopic analysis, such as FT-IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. These new compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activities on seven representative human tumoral cell lines (Huh7 D12, Caco2, MDA-MB231, MDA-MB468, HCT116, PC3 and MCF7) and also on fibroblasts. Among them, only the compounds 6c showed micromolar cytotoxic activity on tumor cell lines (1.8 50 50 > 25 μM). Finally, in silico ADMET studies ware performed to investigate the possibility of using of the identified compound 6c as potential anti-tumor compound.展开更多
As buildings evolve to meet the challenges of energy efficiency and indoor comfort,phase change materials(PCM)emerge as a promising solution due to their ability to store and release latent heat.This paper explores th...As buildings evolve to meet the challenges of energy efficiency and indoor comfort,phase change materials(PCM)emerge as a promising solution due to their ability to store and release latent heat.This paper explores the transformative impact of incorporating PCMon the hygrothermal dynamics of multi-zone constructions.The study focuses on analyzing heat transfer,particularly through thermal conduction,in a wall containing PCM.A novel approach was proposed,wherein the studied system(sensitive balance)interacts directly with a latent balance to realistically define the behavior of specific humidity and mass flow rates.In addition,a numerical model implemented in MATLAB software has been developed to investigate the effect of integrating PCM on the hygrothermal balances inside the building.The obtained results indicate a consistent response in internal temperatures,specific humidity,and mass flow rates,with temperature differences ranging from 5℃to 13℃and a maximum phase shift of 13 h.In addition,the findings provided valuable insights into optimizing the design and performance of multi-zone constructions,offering a sustainable pathway for enhancing building resilience and occupant well-being.展开更多
This study provides new low-temperature thermochronometric data, mainly apatite fission track data on the basement rocks in and adjacent to the Talas-Fergana Fault, in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan in the first place.In the se...This study provides new low-temperature thermochronometric data, mainly apatite fission track data on the basement rocks in and adjacent to the Talas-Fergana Fault, in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan in the first place.In the second place, we also present new detrital apatite fission track data on the Meso-Cenozoic sediments from fault related basins and surrounding intramontane basins. Our results confirm multistaged Meso-Cenozoic tectonic activity, possibly induced by the accretion of the so-called Cimmerian blocks to the Eurasian margin. New evidence for this multi-staged thermo-tectonic activity is found in the data of both basement and Meso-Cenozoic sediment samples in or close to the Talas-Fergana Fault.Zircon(U-Th)/He and apatite fission track data constrain rapid Late TriassiceE arly Jurassic and Late JurassiceE arly Cretaceous basement cooling in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan around 200 Ma and 130 -100 Ma respectively. Detrital apatite fission track results indicate a different burial history on both sides of the Talas-Fergana Fault. The apatite fission track system of the Jurassic sediments in the Middle Tien Shan unit east of the Talas-Fergana Fault is not reset, while the Jurassic sediments in the Fergana Basin and Yarkand-Fergana Basin, west of the fault zone, are partially and in some cases even totally reset. The totally reset samples exhibit Oligocene and Miocene ages and evidence the Cenozoic reactivation of the western Kyrgyz Tien Shan as a consequence of the India-Eurasia convergence.展开更多
The Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean extended between the Siberian and Amur–North China continents.The timing and modalities of the oceanic closure are widely discussed.It is largely accepted that ...The Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean extended between the Siberian and Amur–North China continents.The timing and modalities of the oceanic closure are widely discussed.It is largely accepted that the ocean closed in a scissor-like manner from southwest to northeast(in modern coordinates),though the timing of this process remains uncertain.Recent studies have shown that both western(West Transbaikalia)and eastern(Dzhagda)parts of the ocean closed almost simultaneously at the Early–Middle Jurassic boundary.However,little information on the key central part of the oceanic suture zone is available.We performed U-Pb(LA-ICP-MS)dating of detrital zircon from wellcharacterized stratigraphic sections of the central part of the Mongol-Okhotsk suture zone.These include the initial marine and final continental sequences of the East Transbaikalia Basin,deposited on the northern Argun-Idemeg terrane basement.We provide new stratigraphic ages for the marine and continental deposits.This revised chronostratigraphy allows assigning an age of~165–155 Ma,to the collisionrelated flexure of the northern Argun-Idemeg terrane and the development of a peripheral foreland basin.This collisional process took place 5 to10 million years later than in the western and eastern parts of the ocean.We demonstrate that the northern Argun-Idemeg terrane was the last block to collide with the Siberian continent,challenging the widely supported scissor-like model of closure of the MongolOkhotsk Ocean.Different segments of the ocean closed independently,depending on the initial shape of the paleo continental margins.展开更多
Stream networks are considered important units in many environmental decision making processes. The extraction of streams using digital elevation models (DEMs) presents many advantages. However it is very sensitive to...Stream networks are considered important units in many environmental decision making processes. The extraction of streams using digital elevation models (DEMs) presents many advantages. However it is very sensitive to the uncertainty of the elevation datasets used. The main aim of this paper is to implement geostatistical simulations and assess the propagated uncertainty and map the error of location streams. First, point sampled elevations are used to fit a variogram model. Next two hundred DEM realizations are generated using conditional sequential Gaussian simulation;the stream network map is extracted for each of these realizations, and the collection of stream networks is analyzed to quantify the error propagation. At each grid cell, the probability of the occurrence of a stream and the propagated error are estimated. The more probable stream network are delineated and compared with the digital stream network derived from topographic map. The method is illustrated using a small dataset (8742 sampled elevations) for Anaguid Saharan platform. All computations are run in two free softwares: R and SAGA. R is used to fit variogram and to run sequential Gaussian simulation. SAGA is used to extract streams via RSAGA library.展开更多
The synthesis of 2-phenylimino-4<em>H</em>-chromene-3-carbonitriles <strong>6(a-d)</strong> in good overall yields using an efficient and practical methodology in 3 steps has been implemented i...The synthesis of 2-phenylimino-4<em>H</em>-chromene-3-carbonitriles <strong>6(a-d)</strong> in good overall yields using an efficient and practical methodology in 3 steps has been implemented in this present work. The first step was a heterocyclization between 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde <strong>1</strong> and propanedinitrile <strong>2</strong> which produced 2-iminocoumarin <strong>3</strong> which was submitted to nitrogen/nitrogen displacement in the presence of aromatic primary amine <strong>4</strong>. In the third step, reduction of <strong>5</strong> led to the desired 2-phenylimino-4<em>H</em>-chromene-3-carbonitriles <strong>6</strong>. Compounds <strong>5(a-d)</strong> and <strong>6(a-d)</strong> were evaluated for their potential <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity against six selected tumor cell lines (Huh7-D12, Caco2, MDA-MB231, HCT 116, PC3 and NCI-H727) and tested for their protein kinase inhibition on eight selected protein kinases. Among them, compounds <strong>5c</strong> and <strong>6b</strong> exhibited inhibition on HsCK1e (<strong>5c</strong>: 44% and <strong>6b</strong>: 42% at 1 μM) and <strong>5c </strong>for cytotoxicity on PC3 cell lines (63% at 25 μM).展开更多
The first report of new 3-(tetrazol-5-yl)-2-iminocoumarin derivatives is described. The title compounds were prepared in two steps and were obtained in good yields (55-93%). They have been fully characterized by <s...The first report of new 3-(tetrazol-5-yl)-2-iminocoumarin derivatives is described. The title compounds were prepared in two steps and were obtained in good yields (55-93%). They have been fully characterized by <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, FTIR, UV-Visible and HRMS. They were tested for their antiproliferative activities against six representative human tumor cell lines (Huh 7-D12, Caco2, MDA-MB231, HCT 116, PC3 and NCI-H727) and HaCat keratinocytes. Among them, compound 5e was active on HCT 116 (IC<sub>50</sub> 15 μM).展开更多
Abemaciclib (Verzerio<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span>...Abemaciclib (Verzerio<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></sup></span>) is a cell cycle inhibitor of both CDK4 and CDK6. In 2017, abemaciclib was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and, in 2018 by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive (HR<sup>+</sup>), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></sup></span></sup>) advanced breast cancer. In this mini-review, we provide a series of information for respectively their targets and its selectivity, results on preclinical trial, clinical phase I, II and III trials, and some perspectives. We also describe the batch and flow steps used for the synthesis of this cancer drug.展开更多
This theoretical chemical reactivity study was conducted using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method, at computational level B3LYP/6-31G (d). It involved a series of six (06) 5-arylidene rhodanines and allowed to...This theoretical chemical reactivity study was conducted using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method, at computational level B3LYP/6-31G (d). It involved a series of six (06) 5-arylidene rhodanines and allowed to predict the chemical reactivity of these compounds. DFT global chemical reactivity descriptors (HOMO and LUMO energies, chemical hardness, softness, electronegativity) were examined to predict the relative stability and reactivity of rhodanin derivatives. Thus, the compound 6 which has an energy gap between the orbitals of ΔEgap = 3.004 eV is the most polarizable, the most reactive, the least stable, the best electron donor and the softest molecule. Calculation of the local indices of reactivity as well as dual descriptors revealed that the sulfur heteroatom of the Rhodanine ring is the privileged site of electrophilic attack in a state of sp3 hybridization and privileged site of nucleophilic attack in a state of sp2 hybridization.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> The number of connected objects and therefore of IoT devices that invade our daily lives is growing exponentially. These objects are based on electronics in the form o...<div style="text-align:justify;"> The number of connected objects and therefore of IoT devices that invade our daily lives is growing exponentially. These objects are based on electronics in the form of elementary components, circuits and hybrid and complex integrated systems. Electronics must therefore respond to an exponential growth in the number of circuits, components per circuit, data transmitted, stored and processed in data centers. As a corollary, the energy consumed by operators, servers and users follows the same law of growth. In the coming years, the main challenges will be to slow down these exponential growths by improving the design and architecture of components, circuits and systems for processing and transmitting information. These challenges require the acquisition of skills based on knowledge and know-how and an increase in the pool of future competent and innovative players. This approach is part of the strategy led by the national academic training network which, by pooling the skills of trainers and technological platforms at the French level, aims to meet the needs of companies within the framework of a Recovery Plan for the Electronic Sector. After a presentation of the context and the consequences on the technical challenges, and after several approaches proposed, the actions carried out by the national network of microelectronics are detailed and illustrated with several examples of realizations and results. </div>展开更多
In the work, a study of mass fragmentation routes by the electron-impact mass spectrometry data has been examined for two open chain intermediates of indole derivatives and two pyrroloquinolines. By the isolation of o...In the work, a study of mass fragmentation routes by the electron-impact mass spectrometry data has been examined for two open chain intermediates of indole derivatives and two pyrroloquinolines. By the isolation of open chain intermediate and the mass spectra, the structures of pyrroloquinoline have been confirmed.展开更多
The valorization of Senegalese attapulgite clay in concrete, as a solution against the exhaustion of the cement deposits was studied. In that purpose, attapulgite was first calcined at 800°C to make it reactive a...The valorization of Senegalese attapulgite clay in concrete, as a solution against the exhaustion of the cement deposits was studied. In that purpose, attapulgite was first calcined at 800°C to make it reactive and added in concrete by substitution of Portland cement (CEM I 52.5N) at contents of 0, 5 and 10% by conserving a constant water/cement ratio value of 0.65. The effects of the partial replacement of cement by attapulgite on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the concrete as well as on the steel-concrete bond were examined. For this purpose, the water porosity, the intrinsic permeability and the density of the clay-based concrete were evaluated. Compression, tensile and pull-out tests were carried out to determine the impact of clay on the Young modulus, the compressive and tensile strengths and the steel-concrete bond. This study was completed by a characterization of the pozzolanic reactivity of calcined attapulgite. All the results of these studies were compared with those of Portland cement as a reference. The substitution of cement by attapulgite up to 10% in concrete has only a small influence on its porosity and permeability and confers to the concrete gain in compressive strength of 11%. However, it caused a loss of steel-concrete bond of 10%.展开更多
Nonlinear optics has been the subject of intensive research because of its wide applications in field of photonics, nanophotonics [1] and optoelectroncs such as optical signal processing, broad-band optical communicat...Nonlinear optics has been the subject of intensive research because of its wide applications in field of photonics, nanophotonics [1] and optoelectroncs such as optical signal processing, broad-band optical communications, integrated optics, optical sensing, optical poling, optical limiting, optical computing etc. A common problem in the laser technology is the protection of human eye and optical sensors from the damaging effects of high-energy light. Passive optical limiters can be the solution of this kind of problems.So optical materials with large coefficients of TPA and nonlinear refraction are of prime importance in optical limiting applications. Recently the C_ 60-TTF have attracted much attention because of their three-dimensional π-electron conjugated systems which makes them promising as new limiting materials [2]. Two-photon absorption, second harmonic generation (SHG), detection of phase transition using photoinduced nonlinear effects and illustration of new system for optical recording and erasing of holograms under weak laser illumination will be discussed. In other hand a series of new Donor-π-Acceptor ruthenium acetylide systems built around thiophene-based π-conjugating spacers has been developed and studied, in terms of the oligothienyl chain length. Comparison of the linear and third-order nonlinear optical properties of these Donor-π-Acceptor chromophores shows that the elongation of the spacer and introduction of a double bond in this spacer produces a considerable bathochromic shift of the absorption maximum together with a dramatic enhancement of the molecular cubic hyperpolarizability in these systems. Finally, acoustically induced second harmonic generation (AISHG) has been observed for thin films of these complexes incorporated in PMMA matrices, which reaches values among the highest, reported so far.展开更多
Mikir Hills region,which represents the eastern segment of the Assam-Meghalaya Gneissic Complex(AMGC)in northeast India,constitutes part of the Eastern Gondwana.The Mikir Hills preserves multiple metamorphic and magma...Mikir Hills region,which represents the eastern segment of the Assam-Meghalaya Gneissic Complex(AMGC)in northeast India,constitutes part of the Eastern Gondwana.The Mikir Hills preserves multiple metamorphic and magmatic events ranging from Early Mesoproterozoic to Early Cambrian.Out of these events,documenting the late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian tectonothermal events is helpful in correlating the continental blocks of Eastern Gondwana.We present an integrated study involving field relations,petrology,P-T history and zircon-monazite geochronology of hitherto poorly studied pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses from the Mikir Hills region.These gneisses have experienced at least three deformation events(D_(1),D_(2) and D_(3))with dominant foliation indicated by ENE-WSW striking and shallow-moderately dipping(<40°)S_(2) gneissic foliation.The peak metamorphism in pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses is characterized by garnet(core)-K-feldspar-sillimanite-plagioclase-bio tite-rutile-quartz-ilmenite-melt and garnet-plagioclase-K-feldspar-biotite-quartz-ilmenite-melt assemblages,respectively.The application of thermobarometric methods constrains the peak P-T conditions of 7.5-8.4 kbar at 674-778℃and 6.7-7.4 kbar at 601-618℃for pelitic and quartzofeldspathic gneisses,respectively.These results are consistent with the values estimated using phase equilibria modelling and melt reintegration approach.The results of pseudosection modelling suggests a clockwise P-T path for pelitic gneisses involving migmatisation during peak metamorphism followed by near isothermal decompression from 8.0 to 8.6 kbar at 768-780℃to 4.0-5.0 kbar at 720-765℃.In contrast,quartzo-feldspathic gneisses preserved slightly lower peak P-T conditions at 3.8-4.6 kbar and 590-650℃.The U-Pb zircon dating of migmatised pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses yielded concordant ages of 1647±11 Ma and 1590±7 Ma,respectively.These dates represent the inherited igneous protolith components,possibly equivalent to the Mesoproterozoic granulite facies metamorphism in the western AMGC.The rarely preserved cores of monazite in pelitic gneisses yielded an older population of 1058±35 Ma,most likely representing a weak tectonic imprint associated with the amalgamation of India with Western Australia and East Antarctica in the Rodinia assembly.However,the majority of monazite grains in pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses show high Th/U ratios with ages between 496±7 Ma and 467±16 Ma,indicating the timing of migmatisation that is contemporary with voluminous~500 Ma granite magmatism in and around the Mikir Hills.The similarities in P-T-t histories estimated in this study(eastern AMGC)and those obtained from the Sonapahar-Umpretha region(central AMGC)confirm that these domains experienced common tectonometamorphic history during Pan-African orogeny.The dominance of Late Neoproterozoic migmatisation and magmatism in the Mikir Hills region indicate that the eastern AMGC represent an active convergent margin with Western Australia and East Antarctica and evolved as a hot orogen during the assembly of Western and Eastern Gondwana continental fragments.展开更多
Two organic-inorganic hybrid materials, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>∙Cl<sub>2</sub> (I) and β-[C<sub>6</sub>H<sub&g...Two organic-inorganic hybrid materials, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>∙Cl<sub>2</sub> (I) and β-[C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>N<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>ZnCl<sub>4</sub> (II), have been synthesized by hydrothermal method. These two materials are one of the hybrid materials have emerged as one of the most brilliant components classes. These extraordinary compounds synergistically combine the desired physical properties of both organic and inorganic components into a single compound offering the possibility to achieve great improvement over time in terms of science across various sectors. Their structures were determined by XRD pattern investigations and single crystal X-ray diffraction. These two compounds are crystallized in the monoclinic system;C2/c space group. In the both structures, the anionic-cationic entities are interconnected by hydrogen bonding contacts and p-p Interaction forming three-dimensional networks. Intermolecular interactions were investigated by Hirshfeld surfaces and the contacts of the four different chloride atoms in (II) were compared. The vibrational absorption bands were identified by infrared spectroscopy. These compounds were also investigated by solid state<sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62104156,62074102)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2023A1515011256,2022A1515010979)China+1 种基金Science and Technology plan project of Shenzhen(Grant Nos.20220808165025003,20200812000347001)Chinasupported by the open foundation of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials,State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures,Guangxi University(Grant No.2022GXYSOF13)。
文摘Sb_(2)Se_(3) with unique one-dimensional(1D) crystal structure exhibits exceptional deformation tolerance,demonstrating great application potential in flexible devices.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) photovoltaic devices is temporarily limited by the complicated intrinsic defects and the undesirable contact interfaces.Herein,a high-quality Sb_(2)Se_(3) absorber layer with large crystal grains and benign [hkl] growth orientation can be first prepared on a Mo foil substrate.Then NaF intermediate layer is introduced between Mo and Sb_(2)Se_(3),which can further optimize the growth of Sb_(2)Se_(3)thin film.Moreover,positive Na ion diffusion enables it to dramatically lower barrier height at the back contact interface and passivate harmful defects at both bulk and heterojunction.As a result,the champion substrate structured Mo-foil/Mo/NaF/Sb_(2)Se_(3)/CdS/ITO/Ag flexible thin-film solar cell delivers an obviously higher efficiency of 8.03% and a record open-circuit voltage(V_(OC)) of 0.492 V.This flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) device also exhibits excellent stability and flexibility to stand large bending radius and multiple bending times,as well as superior weak light photo-response with derived efficiency of 12.60%.This work presents an effective strategy to enhance the flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) device performance and expand its potential photovoltaic applications.
文摘Candida auris since it discovery in 2009 is becoming a severe threat to human health due to its very quickly spread, its worldwide high resistance to systemic antifungal drugs. In resource-constrained settings where several conditions are met for its emergence and spread, this worrisome fungus could cause large hospital and/or community-based outbreaks. This review aimed to summarize the available data on C. auris in Africa focusing on its epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile. Major databases were searched for articles on the epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile of C. auris in Africa. Out of 2,521 articles identified 22 met the inclusion criteria. In Africa, nearly 89% of African countries have no published data on C. auris. The prevalence of C. auris in Africa was 8.74%. The case fatality rate of C. auris infection in Africa was 39.46%. The main C. auris risk factors reported in Africa were cardiovascular disease, renal failure, diabetes, HIV, recent intake of antimicrobial drugs, ICU admissions, surgery, hemodialysis, parenteral nutrition and indwelling devices. Four phylogenetic clades were reported in Africa, namely clades I, II, III and IV. Candida auris showed a pan-African very high resistance rate to fluconazole, moderate resistance to amphotericin B, and high susceptibility to echinocandins. Finally, C. auris clade-specific mutations were observed within the ERG2, ERG3, ERG9, ERG11, FKS1, TAC1b and MRR1 genes in Africa. This systematic review showed the presence of C. auris in the African continent and a worrying unavailability of data on this resilient fungus in most African countries.
文摘The synthesis of new 4-imino-4H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(5H)-amine in four steps including one step under microwave dielectric heating is reported. The structural identity of the synthesized compounds was established according to their spectroscopic analysis, such as FT-IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. These new compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activities on seven representative human tumoral cell lines (Huh7 D12, Caco2, MDA-MB231, MDA-MB468, HCT116, PC3 and MCF7) and also on fibroblasts. Among them, only the compounds 6c showed micromolar cytotoxic activity on tumor cell lines (1.8 50 50 > 25 μM). Finally, in silico ADMET studies ware performed to investigate the possibility of using of the identified compound 6c as potential anti-tumor compound.
基金supported in entire part by the Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena LaboratoryAgreementNo.30303-12-2003,at theUniversity of Medea.
文摘As buildings evolve to meet the challenges of energy efficiency and indoor comfort,phase change materials(PCM)emerge as a promising solution due to their ability to store and release latent heat.This paper explores the transformative impact of incorporating PCMon the hygrothermal dynamics of multi-zone constructions.The study focuses on analyzing heat transfer,particularly through thermal conduction,in a wall containing PCM.A novel approach was proposed,wherein the studied system(sensitive balance)interacts directly with a latent balance to realistically define the behavior of specific humidity and mass flow rates.In addition,a numerical model implemented in MATLAB software has been developed to investigate the effect of integrating PCM on the hygrothermal balances inside the building.The obtained results indicate a consistent response in internal temperatures,specific humidity,and mass flow rates,with temperature differences ranging from 5℃to 13℃and a maximum phase shift of 13 h.In addition,the findings provided valuable insights into optimizing the design and performance of multi-zone constructions,offering a sustainable pathway for enhancing building resilience and occupant well-being.
基金supported by a Ghent University project (BOF 015B1309)the DARIUS program+2 种基金supported by ARC DP150101730TRAX record 387. F.Isupported by state assignment project No. 0330-2016-0015
文摘This study provides new low-temperature thermochronometric data, mainly apatite fission track data on the basement rocks in and adjacent to the Talas-Fergana Fault, in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan in the first place.In the second place, we also present new detrital apatite fission track data on the Meso-Cenozoic sediments from fault related basins and surrounding intramontane basins. Our results confirm multistaged Meso-Cenozoic tectonic activity, possibly induced by the accretion of the so-called Cimmerian blocks to the Eurasian margin. New evidence for this multi-staged thermo-tectonic activity is found in the data of both basement and Meso-Cenozoic sediment samples in or close to the Talas-Fergana Fault.Zircon(U-Th)/He and apatite fission track data constrain rapid Late TriassiceE arly Jurassic and Late JurassiceE arly Cretaceous basement cooling in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan around 200 Ma and 130 -100 Ma respectively. Detrital apatite fission track results indicate a different burial history on both sides of the Talas-Fergana Fault. The apatite fission track system of the Jurassic sediments in the Middle Tien Shan unit east of the Talas-Fergana Fault is not reset, while the Jurassic sediments in the Fergana Basin and Yarkand-Fergana Basin, west of the fault zone, are partially and in some cases even totally reset. The totally reset samples exhibit Oligocene and Miocene ages and evidence the Cenozoic reactivation of the western Kyrgyz Tien Shan as a consequence of the India-Eurasia convergence.
基金conducted in the frame of the grant of the Ministry of Science and High Education of the Russian Federation No.075-15-2019-1883。
文摘The Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean extended between the Siberian and Amur–North China continents.The timing and modalities of the oceanic closure are widely discussed.It is largely accepted that the ocean closed in a scissor-like manner from southwest to northeast(in modern coordinates),though the timing of this process remains uncertain.Recent studies have shown that both western(West Transbaikalia)and eastern(Dzhagda)parts of the ocean closed almost simultaneously at the Early–Middle Jurassic boundary.However,little information on the key central part of the oceanic suture zone is available.We performed U-Pb(LA-ICP-MS)dating of detrital zircon from wellcharacterized stratigraphic sections of the central part of the Mongol-Okhotsk suture zone.These include the initial marine and final continental sequences of the East Transbaikalia Basin,deposited on the northern Argun-Idemeg terrane basement.We provide new stratigraphic ages for the marine and continental deposits.This revised chronostratigraphy allows assigning an age of~165–155 Ma,to the collisionrelated flexure of the northern Argun-Idemeg terrane and the development of a peripheral foreland basin.This collisional process took place 5 to10 million years later than in the western and eastern parts of the ocean.We demonstrate that the northern Argun-Idemeg terrane was the last block to collide with the Siberian continent,challenging the widely supported scissor-like model of closure of the MongolOkhotsk Ocean.Different segments of the ocean closed independently,depending on the initial shape of the paleo continental margins.
文摘Stream networks are considered important units in many environmental decision making processes. The extraction of streams using digital elevation models (DEMs) presents many advantages. However it is very sensitive to the uncertainty of the elevation datasets used. The main aim of this paper is to implement geostatistical simulations and assess the propagated uncertainty and map the error of location streams. First, point sampled elevations are used to fit a variogram model. Next two hundred DEM realizations are generated using conditional sequential Gaussian simulation;the stream network map is extracted for each of these realizations, and the collection of stream networks is analyzed to quantify the error propagation. At each grid cell, the probability of the occurrence of a stream and the propagated error are estimated. The more probable stream network are delineated and compared with the digital stream network derived from topographic map. The method is illustrated using a small dataset (8742 sampled elevations) for Anaguid Saharan platform. All computations are run in two free softwares: R and SAGA. R is used to fit variogram and to run sequential Gaussian simulation. SAGA is used to extract streams via RSAGA library.
文摘The synthesis of 2-phenylimino-4<em>H</em>-chromene-3-carbonitriles <strong>6(a-d)</strong> in good overall yields using an efficient and practical methodology in 3 steps has been implemented in this present work. The first step was a heterocyclization between 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde <strong>1</strong> and propanedinitrile <strong>2</strong> which produced 2-iminocoumarin <strong>3</strong> which was submitted to nitrogen/nitrogen displacement in the presence of aromatic primary amine <strong>4</strong>. In the third step, reduction of <strong>5</strong> led to the desired 2-phenylimino-4<em>H</em>-chromene-3-carbonitriles <strong>6</strong>. Compounds <strong>5(a-d)</strong> and <strong>6(a-d)</strong> were evaluated for their potential <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity against six selected tumor cell lines (Huh7-D12, Caco2, MDA-MB231, HCT 116, PC3 and NCI-H727) and tested for their protein kinase inhibition on eight selected protein kinases. Among them, compounds <strong>5c</strong> and <strong>6b</strong> exhibited inhibition on HsCK1e (<strong>5c</strong>: 44% and <strong>6b</strong>: 42% at 1 μM) and <strong>5c </strong>for cytotoxicity on PC3 cell lines (63% at 25 μM).
文摘The first report of new 3-(tetrazol-5-yl)-2-iminocoumarin derivatives is described. The title compounds were prepared in two steps and were obtained in good yields (55-93%). They have been fully characterized by <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, FTIR, UV-Visible and HRMS. They were tested for their antiproliferative activities against six representative human tumor cell lines (Huh 7-D12, Caco2, MDA-MB231, HCT 116, PC3 and NCI-H727) and HaCat keratinocytes. Among them, compound 5e was active on HCT 116 (IC<sub>50</sub> 15 μM).
文摘Abemaciclib (Verzerio<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></sup></span>) is a cell cycle inhibitor of both CDK4 and CDK6. In 2017, abemaciclib was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and, in 2018 by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive (HR<sup>+</sup>), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></sup></span></sup>) advanced breast cancer. In this mini-review, we provide a series of information for respectively their targets and its selectivity, results on preclinical trial, clinical phase I, II and III trials, and some perspectives. We also describe the batch and flow steps used for the synthesis of this cancer drug.
文摘This theoretical chemical reactivity study was conducted using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method, at computational level B3LYP/6-31G (d). It involved a series of six (06) 5-arylidene rhodanines and allowed to predict the chemical reactivity of these compounds. DFT global chemical reactivity descriptors (HOMO and LUMO energies, chemical hardness, softness, electronegativity) were examined to predict the relative stability and reactivity of rhodanin derivatives. Thus, the compound 6 which has an energy gap between the orbitals of ΔEgap = 3.004 eV is the most polarizable, the most reactive, the least stable, the best electron donor and the softest molecule. Calculation of the local indices of reactivity as well as dual descriptors revealed that the sulfur heteroatom of the Rhodanine ring is the privileged site of electrophilic attack in a state of sp3 hybridization and privileged site of nucleophilic attack in a state of sp2 hybridization.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> The number of connected objects and therefore of IoT devices that invade our daily lives is growing exponentially. These objects are based on electronics in the form of elementary components, circuits and hybrid and complex integrated systems. Electronics must therefore respond to an exponential growth in the number of circuits, components per circuit, data transmitted, stored and processed in data centers. As a corollary, the energy consumed by operators, servers and users follows the same law of growth. In the coming years, the main challenges will be to slow down these exponential growths by improving the design and architecture of components, circuits and systems for processing and transmitting information. These challenges require the acquisition of skills based on knowledge and know-how and an increase in the pool of future competent and innovative players. This approach is part of the strategy led by the national academic training network which, by pooling the skills of trainers and technological platforms at the French level, aims to meet the needs of companies within the framework of a Recovery Plan for the Electronic Sector. After a presentation of the context and the consequences on the technical challenges, and after several approaches proposed, the actions carried out by the national network of microelectronics are detailed and illustrated with several examples of realizations and results. </div>
文摘In the work, a study of mass fragmentation routes by the electron-impact mass spectrometry data has been examined for two open chain intermediates of indole derivatives and two pyrroloquinolines. By the isolation of open chain intermediate and the mass spectra, the structures of pyrroloquinoline have been confirmed.
文摘The valorization of Senegalese attapulgite clay in concrete, as a solution against the exhaustion of the cement deposits was studied. In that purpose, attapulgite was first calcined at 800°C to make it reactive and added in concrete by substitution of Portland cement (CEM I 52.5N) at contents of 0, 5 and 10% by conserving a constant water/cement ratio value of 0.65. The effects of the partial replacement of cement by attapulgite on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the concrete as well as on the steel-concrete bond were examined. For this purpose, the water porosity, the intrinsic permeability and the density of the clay-based concrete were evaluated. Compression, tensile and pull-out tests were carried out to determine the impact of clay on the Young modulus, the compressive and tensile strengths and the steel-concrete bond. This study was completed by a characterization of the pozzolanic reactivity of calcined attapulgite. All the results of these studies were compared with those of Portland cement as a reference. The substitution of cement by attapulgite up to 10% in concrete has only a small influence on its porosity and permeability and confers to the concrete gain in compressive strength of 11%. However, it caused a loss of steel-concrete bond of 10%.
文摘Nonlinear optics has been the subject of intensive research because of its wide applications in field of photonics, nanophotonics [1] and optoelectroncs such as optical signal processing, broad-band optical communications, integrated optics, optical sensing, optical poling, optical limiting, optical computing etc. A common problem in the laser technology is the protection of human eye and optical sensors from the damaging effects of high-energy light. Passive optical limiters can be the solution of this kind of problems.So optical materials with large coefficients of TPA and nonlinear refraction are of prime importance in optical limiting applications. Recently the C_ 60-TTF have attracted much attention because of their three-dimensional π-electron conjugated systems which makes them promising as new limiting materials [2]. Two-photon absorption, second harmonic generation (SHG), detection of phase transition using photoinduced nonlinear effects and illustration of new system for optical recording and erasing of holograms under weak laser illumination will be discussed. In other hand a series of new Donor-π-Acceptor ruthenium acetylide systems built around thiophene-based π-conjugating spacers has been developed and studied, in terms of the oligothienyl chain length. Comparison of the linear and third-order nonlinear optical properties of these Donor-π-Acceptor chromophores shows that the elongation of the spacer and introduction of a double bond in this spacer produces a considerable bathochromic shift of the absorption maximum together with a dramatic enhancement of the molecular cubic hyperpolarizability in these systems. Finally, acoustically induced second harmonic generation (AISHG) has been observed for thin films of these complexes incorporated in PMMA matrices, which reaches values among the highest, reported so far.
基金supported by the Prime Minister’s Research Fellows(PMRF)scheme from the Ministry of Education,New Delhi,Government of India(PMRF ID:1300753)Fieldwork and laboratory studies were financially supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB,Govt.of India)core research grant(CRG/2019/000812)to N.Prabhakar+1 种基金Mineral and monazite analyses were performed using the SERB-funded EPMA National Facility at the Department of Earth Sciences,IIT Bombay(IRPHA grant no.IR/S4/ESF-16/2009)Prabhakar acknowledges the core research grant(file no.CRG/2019/000812)for the financial support given for laboratory analysis。
文摘Mikir Hills region,which represents the eastern segment of the Assam-Meghalaya Gneissic Complex(AMGC)in northeast India,constitutes part of the Eastern Gondwana.The Mikir Hills preserves multiple metamorphic and magmatic events ranging from Early Mesoproterozoic to Early Cambrian.Out of these events,documenting the late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian tectonothermal events is helpful in correlating the continental blocks of Eastern Gondwana.We present an integrated study involving field relations,petrology,P-T history and zircon-monazite geochronology of hitherto poorly studied pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses from the Mikir Hills region.These gneisses have experienced at least three deformation events(D_(1),D_(2) and D_(3))with dominant foliation indicated by ENE-WSW striking and shallow-moderately dipping(<40°)S_(2) gneissic foliation.The peak metamorphism in pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses is characterized by garnet(core)-K-feldspar-sillimanite-plagioclase-bio tite-rutile-quartz-ilmenite-melt and garnet-plagioclase-K-feldspar-biotite-quartz-ilmenite-melt assemblages,respectively.The application of thermobarometric methods constrains the peak P-T conditions of 7.5-8.4 kbar at 674-778℃and 6.7-7.4 kbar at 601-618℃for pelitic and quartzofeldspathic gneisses,respectively.These results are consistent with the values estimated using phase equilibria modelling and melt reintegration approach.The results of pseudosection modelling suggests a clockwise P-T path for pelitic gneisses involving migmatisation during peak metamorphism followed by near isothermal decompression from 8.0 to 8.6 kbar at 768-780℃to 4.0-5.0 kbar at 720-765℃.In contrast,quartzo-feldspathic gneisses preserved slightly lower peak P-T conditions at 3.8-4.6 kbar and 590-650℃.The U-Pb zircon dating of migmatised pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses yielded concordant ages of 1647±11 Ma and 1590±7 Ma,respectively.These dates represent the inherited igneous protolith components,possibly equivalent to the Mesoproterozoic granulite facies metamorphism in the western AMGC.The rarely preserved cores of monazite in pelitic gneisses yielded an older population of 1058±35 Ma,most likely representing a weak tectonic imprint associated with the amalgamation of India with Western Australia and East Antarctica in the Rodinia assembly.However,the majority of monazite grains in pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses show high Th/U ratios with ages between 496±7 Ma and 467±16 Ma,indicating the timing of migmatisation that is contemporary with voluminous~500 Ma granite magmatism in and around the Mikir Hills.The similarities in P-T-t histories estimated in this study(eastern AMGC)and those obtained from the Sonapahar-Umpretha region(central AMGC)confirm that these domains experienced common tectonometamorphic history during Pan-African orogeny.The dominance of Late Neoproterozoic migmatisation and magmatism in the Mikir Hills region indicate that the eastern AMGC represent an active convergent margin with Western Australia and East Antarctica and evolved as a hot orogen during the assembly of Western and Eastern Gondwana continental fragments.
文摘Two organic-inorganic hybrid materials, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>∙Cl<sub>2</sub> (I) and β-[C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>N<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>ZnCl<sub>4</sub> (II), have been synthesized by hydrothermal method. These two materials are one of the hybrid materials have emerged as one of the most brilliant components classes. These extraordinary compounds synergistically combine the desired physical properties of both organic and inorganic components into a single compound offering the possibility to achieve great improvement over time in terms of science across various sectors. Their structures were determined by XRD pattern investigations and single crystal X-ray diffraction. These two compounds are crystallized in the monoclinic system;C2/c space group. In the both structures, the anionic-cationic entities are interconnected by hydrogen bonding contacts and p-p Interaction forming three-dimensional networks. Intermolecular interactions were investigated by Hirshfeld surfaces and the contacts of the four different chloride atoms in (II) were compared. The vibrational absorption bands were identified by infrared spectroscopy. These compounds were also investigated by solid state<sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy.
