The aim of the article is to present non-clasical copyrighted algorithm for prediction of time series, presenting macroeconomic indicators and stock market indices. The algorithm is based on artificial neural networks...The aim of the article is to present non-clasical copyrighted algorithm for prediction of time series, presenting macroeconomic indicators and stock market indices. The algorithm is based on artificial neural networks and multi-resolution analysis （the algorithm is based on Daubechies wavelet）. However, the main feature of the algorithm, which gives a good quality of the forecasts, is all included in the series analysis division into, a few partial under-series and prediction dependence on a number of other economic series. The algorithm used for the prediction, is copyrighted algorithm, labeled M.H-D in this article. Application of the algorithm was performed on a series presenting WIG 20. The forecast of WIG 20 was conditional on trading the Dow Jones, DAX, Nikkei, Hang Seng, taking into account the sliding time window. As an example application of copyrighted model, the forecast of WIG 20 for a period of two years, one year, six month was appointed. An empirical example is described. It shows that the proposed model can predict index with the scale of two years, one year, a half year and other intervals. Precision of prediction is satisfactory. An average absolute percentage error of each forecast was： 0.0099%---for two-year forecasts WIG 20; 0.0552%--for the annual forecast WIG 20; and 0.1788%---for the six-month forecasts WIG 20.展开更多
The paper aims at identifying the transformations in trade influenced by the main macroeconomic forces of trade companies in European countries in the 21st century. The author surveys the specialist literature dealing...The paper aims at identifying the transformations in trade influenced by the main macroeconomic forces of trade companies in European countries in the 21st century. The author surveys the specialist literature dealing with marketing and trade. On the basis of the research carried out, it has been established that the development of new retail formats （e.g. convenience shops, e-commerce）, which was influenced by the transformations in the macroeconomic environment of companies, was observed. At the same time, retail formats of hybrid character （e.g. discount convenience shops） have appeared and old well-known ones like department stores, supermarkets, or discount shops have strengthened their market position. The knowledge about the issues presented in the following paper has practical implications and can be helpful for managers of trade companies.展开更多
Research objectives presented in the article are of theoretical, methodological, and empirical nature. The theoretical aim of the article is to present the different approaches to conceptualization and operationalizat...Research objectives presented in the article are of theoretical, methodological, and empirical nature. The theoretical aim of the article is to present the different approaches to conceptualization and operationalization of psychic distance. The methodological aim of the article is to show the pilot research results of quantitative research planned in future. The paper aims at presenting the results of testifying the questionnaire, especially reactions of the respondents on the level of difficulty of questions included in it. The empirical aim of the article is to present the perceptions of managers about the importance of psychic distance stimuli （differences in culture, differences in economic and political systems, as well as differences in mentality and geographic distance） in the process of Polish companies＇ internationalization. The paper is based on the critical literature overview and on the field research conducted on the sample of 18 Polish companies with the technique of direct interview. In the first part of the article, the research design as well as methodological issues connected with psychic distance measurement is presented. The second part of the article is dedicated to the field research results on the importance of psychic distance in the process of internationalization. The conclusions of the current stage of the research will comprise the base of complete research. The conducted research enabled the author to answer the following research questions： What is the impact of psychic distance stimuli on the process of Polish companies＇ internationalization （the directions and forms of internationalization, the pace and amount of countries subject to foreign expansion of Polish companies, and the value of sales and foreign capital engagement of Polish companies abroad）？ What is the impact of psychic distance stimuli on managers＇ decisions connected with engagement on international markets （initiating business with foreign partners, leading business on international markets, and withdrawal business from international markets）？ What are the factors determining perceptions of psychic distance by managers？ What is the size of psychic distance among Poland and the foreign expansion markets of Polish companies？ The respondents stated that the managers＇ perceptions about psychic distance importance in the process of companies＇ internationalization depend on the managers＇ experience in activity on international markets, the knowledge of managers about international markets, the level of education of managers, and the level of stability and changeability of environment, in which the company operates. According to the managers, the most important factors having impact on decisions connected with internationalization are： cultural differences （especially differences in religion）, political differences （especially the level of democracy）, geographic distance （the differences in time zones）, the differences in economic systems （the level of economic development）, and the differences in mentality （different way of thinking of managers）. The factors having impact on companies＇engagement in international markets are： the level of democracy, the level of infrastructure development, different way of thinking of managers, and differences in time zones. The managers stated that the most significant differences in cultural systems are among Poland-China, Poland-Turkey, and Poland-Romania. The most significant differences in economic systems occur among Poland and the receivers of Polish export China, Ukraine, and the United States. The biggest differences in political systems are among Poland-China, Poland-Russia Belarus, and Poland-Ukraine. According to the managers, the biggest differences in mentality occur among Poland-China, Poland-Turkey, and Poland-the United States. Geographic distance is the most important factor in Polish export to the United States, China, Turkey, and Spain. There is applied a methodology stating that psychic distance （and its stimuli） should not be measured only with the use of objective constructs and statistical data, but also with the use of subjective data, such as the responses of decision makers of companies under internationalization. The value of the article is the presentation of the application of new research tool for psychic distance measurement.展开更多
The health care sector is the most difficult one to manage and control. Special units in this field are public hospitals which are required to prepare a lot of reports to various institutions, including the ownership ...The health care sector is the most difficult one to manage and control. Special units in this field are public hospitals which are required to prepare a lot of reports to various institutions, including the ownership body. The paper focuses on two issues. The first is the presence of behavioral factors in the reporting of public hospitals in Poland to the ownership bodies. This article aims to indicate the thematic areas of specific reports, most affected by behavioral factors and explain the causes and consequences of their occurrence. The second issue is the analysis of the legal status of obligatory reporting of public hospitals. Participants of the conducted research, due to their specific ownership and political and social position, were public hospitals in Poland. The paper uses the research methods of the meta-analysis of the literature, legal acts in Poland and empirical materials, and also the methods of synthesis, observation, and deduction. Data analysis focused on specific sample of reports issued by Polish public hospitals for their ownership body. The research shows that hospitals draw up a tremendous number of often thematically overlapping and redundant reports addressed to different institutions in different time periods. It is a consequence of legal regulations failing to streamline the reporting of the health care sector institutions, in particular public hospitals. The paper points to the large number of legal instruments that contain imprecise requirements resulting from the complex and obscure forms of control of public funds allocation in this sector. There are many behavioral factors that shape some fields of public hospitals＇ reports, for example, interpersonal relationships, egoism, private financial interests, strengthening of the employment status and professional position, and professional competences. There is considerable freedom in the reporting process fulfilled by public hospitals in Poland for their ownership body. It causes strong consequences, like poor-quality data, duplication of information, and its chaos, as well as high costs of obtaining information. Reporting system of financial and non-financial data of public hospitals in Poland is dysfunctional.展开更多
The financial crisis undoubtedly exerted a pressure on the companies operating in Poland. Thus, it is important to undertake researches that reveal the paths and strength of the transmission of financial crisis with r...The financial crisis undoubtedly exerted a pressure on the companies operating in Poland. Thus, it is important to undertake researches that reveal the paths and strength of the transmission of financial crisis with regard to the business entities. This paper presents partial results of the researches dedicated to the analysis of the impact of financial crisis on the financial situation of companies operating in Silesian Region in Poland. It analyses and discusses the general changes in the financial ratios that inform about the company＇s financial liquidity and the level of liquidity risk. As a research paper, it aims at justifying hypotheses about the changes of liquidity and liquidity risk in companies operating in Poland, Silesian Region within the period of 2006-2009. The tested hypotheses generally indicate the decrease of liquidity in the aftermath of crisis and a worse situation in the Silesian Region, as compared to the national level. The study is based on an application of a part of authors＇ self-developed method--the CFS Watch （Corporate Financial Situation Watch）, which consists of five analytical modules. In this study, one module is applied： the FLA Module （Financial Liquidity Analysis） with regard to financial liquidity and the level of liquidity risk. The research is based on the data collected by the Polish Central Statistical Office. The analysis of FLA Module is based on two samples of companies： companies operating in the Silesian Region （denoted as the MEPP sample）, and companies operating in Poland （denoted as the MAPP sample）. This allows developing a comparative analysis between regional and national dimension. The results of the study represent an interesting starting point for further comparative researches based on the analysis of the changes in the level of liquidity and liquidity risk of companies operating in different countries. It may form a base for finding similarities or differences in their financial situation in the aftermath of the financial crisis. The CFS Watch method in terms of the liquidity can be widely applied to make the results comparable.展开更多
The new prudential standards implemented by the Basel Committee treat banks＇ capital as a foundation for safety. The appropriate level of bank＇s capital helps to manage all kinds of risks with the special attendance...The new prudential standards implemented by the Basel Committee treat banks＇ capital as a foundation for safety. The appropriate level of bank＇s capital helps to manage all kinds of risks with the special attendance on credit risk. The adequate capital base enables absorbing losses and maintaining bank＇s stability. The necessity to fulfill the capital requirements influences banks＇ credit policy and, as a result, the access to companies＇ external financing. The main purpose of the paper is to present the impact of the capital requirements implemented by Basel Committee （Basel III requirements） on companies＇ access to external finance. The paper discusses the changes in credit standards, the companies＇ external financing and formulates the prerequisites for the further development of companies＇ external financing. The paper contains the empirical data for largest European euro area countries regarding the GDP.展开更多
The paper focuses on the increasing development of e-services and an increase in interest in them. With e-government is developed, a collaboration between employees of public administration at different levels of the ...The paper focuses on the increasing development of e-services and an increase in interest in them. With e-government is developed, a collaboration between employees of public administration at different levels of the natural or legal persons according to their needs. The paper presents the electronic platforms of public administration services in Poland. The analysis of e-government was conducted based on selected statistics from reports prepared by the United Nations in 2010 and 2012. The data for the European Union and Poland are summarized in the table in order of occupied places in the ranking and evaluation of e-government and e-services in Poland on the background of world and the European Union are presented in the form of graphs.展开更多
Background Histopathology diagnosis is often regarded as the final diagnostic method for malignant tumors;however,it has some drawbacks.This study explored a computer-aided diagnostic method that can be used to identi...Background Histopathology diagnosis is often regarded as the final diagnostic method for malignant tumors;however,it has some drawbacks.This study explored a computer-aided diagnostic method that can be used to identify benign and malignant gastric cancer using histopathological images.Methods The most suitable process was selected through multiple experiments by comparing multiple meth-ods and features for classification.First,the U-net was applied to segment the image.Next,the nucleus was extracted from the segmented image,and the minimum spanning tree(MST)diagram structure that can cap-ture the topological information was drawn.The third step was to extract the graph-curvature features of the histopathological image according to the MST image.Finally,by inputting the graph-curvature features into the classifier,the recognition results for benign or malignant cancer can be obtained.Results During the experiment,we used various methods for comparison.In the image segmentation stage,U-net,watershed algorithm,and Otsu threshold segmentation methods were used.We found that the U-net method,combined with multiple indicators,was the most suitable for segmentation of histopathological images.In the feature extraction stage,in addition to extracting graph-edge and graph-curvature features,several basic im-age features were extracted,including the red,green and blue feature,gray-level co-occurrence matrix feature,histogram of oriented gradient feature,and local binary pattern feature.In the classifier design stage,we exper-imented with various methods,such as support vector machine(SVM),random forest,artificial neural network,K nearest neighbors,VGG-16,and inception-V3.Through comparison and analysis,it was found that classifica-tion results with an accuracy of 98.57%can be obtained by inputting the graph-curvature feature into the SVM classifier.展开更多
The aim of this article is to present author＇s application of wavelets to predict short-term macroeconomic indicators Proposed to predict short-term time series （in particular for predicting macroeconomic indicators...The aim of this article is to present author＇s application of wavelets to predict short-term macroeconomic indicators Proposed to predict short-term time series （in particular for predicting macroeconomic indicators）, proprietary model is based on wavelet analysis with Haar wavelets, Daubechies wavelets, and adaptive models; they are the trend crawling model and alignment exponential model. Adaptive models have been modified through the introduction of wavelet function and combined into a single forecast model. Obtained from conducted research results, it shows the model an effective instrument to predict the short-term.展开更多
The evolution of interuet within last years and continuous advances in electronic commerce and communication provide exciting opportunities to implement powerful framework of resources, tools and applications that rev...The evolution of interuet within last years and continuous advances in electronic commerce and communication provide exciting opportunities to implement powerful framework of resources, tools and applications that revolutionize way in which healthcare institutions interact with their patients, as well as deliver and manage medical services. Internet-based healthcare is application of information and communication technologies across the whole range of healthcare functions. It covers everything from electronic prescriptions and computerized medical records to the use of new systems and services that cut waiting times and reduces data errors. Development and implementation of web-enabled communication, patient services and other e-health initiatives are increasingly important to maintaining competitive advantage and to compete for market share. More importantly, value added for patients by facilitating access to information and resources is expected to improve quality of services, speed of treatment and potentially to rationalize management of administrative processes. However, introductions of such e-healthcare services into market can be successful on condition that customers will recognize all these advantages and have trust in organizations provide theses e-services. In this paper authors will concentrate on customer trust as key factor determining success of e-healthcare. The purpose of this study will determine character and power of trust placed by customers in e-healthcare, and to identify factors influencing customers trust to e-healthcare. Authors have ventured thesis that customer trust to e-healthcare is high as consequence of even higher customer satisfaction with traditional healthcare services and great customer trust in traditional healthcare institutions.展开更多
文摘The aim of the article is to present non-clasical copyrighted algorithm for prediction of time series, presenting macroeconomic indicators and stock market indices. The algorithm is based on artificial neural networks and multi-resolution analysis （the algorithm is based on Daubechies wavelet）. However, the main feature of the algorithm, which gives a good quality of the forecasts, is all included in the series analysis division into, a few partial under-series and prediction dependence on a number of other economic series. The algorithm used for the prediction, is copyrighted algorithm, labeled M.H-D in this article. Application of the algorithm was performed on a series presenting WIG 20. The forecast of WIG 20 was conditional on trading the Dow Jones, DAX, Nikkei, Hang Seng, taking into account the sliding time window. As an example application of copyrighted model, the forecast of WIG 20 for a period of two years, one year, six month was appointed. An empirical example is described. It shows that the proposed model can predict index with the scale of two years, one year, a half year and other intervals. Precision of prediction is satisfactory. An average absolute percentage error of each forecast was： 0.0099%---for two-year forecasts WIG 20; 0.0552%--for the annual forecast WIG 20; and 0.1788%---for the six-month forecasts WIG 20.
文摘The paper aims at identifying the transformations in trade influenced by the main macroeconomic forces of trade companies in European countries in the 21st century. The author surveys the specialist literature dealing with marketing and trade. On the basis of the research carried out, it has been established that the development of new retail formats （e.g. convenience shops, e-commerce）, which was influenced by the transformations in the macroeconomic environment of companies, was observed. At the same time, retail formats of hybrid character （e.g. discount convenience shops） have appeared and old well-known ones like department stores, supermarkets, or discount shops have strengthened their market position. The knowledge about the issues presented in the following paper has practical implications and can be helpful for managers of trade companies.
文摘Research objectives presented in the article are of theoretical, methodological, and empirical nature. The theoretical aim of the article is to present the different approaches to conceptualization and operationalization of psychic distance. The methodological aim of the article is to show the pilot research results of quantitative research planned in future. The paper aims at presenting the results of testifying the questionnaire, especially reactions of the respondents on the level of difficulty of questions included in it. The empirical aim of the article is to present the perceptions of managers about the importance of psychic distance stimuli （differences in culture, differences in economic and political systems, as well as differences in mentality and geographic distance） in the process of Polish companies＇ internationalization. The paper is based on the critical literature overview and on the field research conducted on the sample of 18 Polish companies with the technique of direct interview. In the first part of the article, the research design as well as methodological issues connected with psychic distance measurement is presented. The second part of the article is dedicated to the field research results on the importance of psychic distance in the process of internationalization. The conclusions of the current stage of the research will comprise the base of complete research. The conducted research enabled the author to answer the following research questions： What is the impact of psychic distance stimuli on the process of Polish companies＇ internationalization （the directions and forms of internationalization, the pace and amount of countries subject to foreign expansion of Polish companies, and the value of sales and foreign capital engagement of Polish companies abroad）？ What is the impact of psychic distance stimuli on managers＇ decisions connected with engagement on international markets （initiating business with foreign partners, leading business on international markets, and withdrawal business from international markets）？ What are the factors determining perceptions of psychic distance by managers？ What is the size of psychic distance among Poland and the foreign expansion markets of Polish companies？ The respondents stated that the managers＇ perceptions about psychic distance importance in the process of companies＇ internationalization depend on the managers＇ experience in activity on international markets, the knowledge of managers about international markets, the level of education of managers, and the level of stability and changeability of environment, in which the company operates. According to the managers, the most important factors having impact on decisions connected with internationalization are： cultural differences （especially differences in religion）, political differences （especially the level of democracy）, geographic distance （the differences in time zones）, the differences in economic systems （the level of economic development）, and the differences in mentality （different way of thinking of managers）. The factors having impact on companies＇engagement in international markets are： the level of democracy, the level of infrastructure development, different way of thinking of managers, and differences in time zones. The managers stated that the most significant differences in cultural systems are among Poland-China, Poland-Turkey, and Poland-Romania. The most significant differences in economic systems occur among Poland and the receivers of Polish export China, Ukraine, and the United States. The biggest differences in political systems are among Poland-China, Poland-Russia Belarus, and Poland-Ukraine. According to the managers, the biggest differences in mentality occur among Poland-China, Poland-Turkey, and Poland-the United States. Geographic distance is the most important factor in Polish export to the United States, China, Turkey, and Spain. There is applied a methodology stating that psychic distance （and its stimuli） should not be measured only with the use of objective constructs and statistical data, but also with the use of subjective data, such as the responses of decision makers of companies under internationalization. The value of the article is the presentation of the application of new research tool for psychic distance measurement.
文摘The health care sector is the most difficult one to manage and control. Special units in this field are public hospitals which are required to prepare a lot of reports to various institutions, including the ownership body. The paper focuses on two issues. The first is the presence of behavioral factors in the reporting of public hospitals in Poland to the ownership bodies. This article aims to indicate the thematic areas of specific reports, most affected by behavioral factors and explain the causes and consequences of their occurrence. The second issue is the analysis of the legal status of obligatory reporting of public hospitals. Participants of the conducted research, due to their specific ownership and political and social position, were public hospitals in Poland. The paper uses the research methods of the meta-analysis of the literature, legal acts in Poland and empirical materials, and also the methods of synthesis, observation, and deduction. Data analysis focused on specific sample of reports issued by Polish public hospitals for their ownership body. The research shows that hospitals draw up a tremendous number of often thematically overlapping and redundant reports addressed to different institutions in different time periods. It is a consequence of legal regulations failing to streamline the reporting of the health care sector institutions, in particular public hospitals. The paper points to the large number of legal instruments that contain imprecise requirements resulting from the complex and obscure forms of control of public funds allocation in this sector. There are many behavioral factors that shape some fields of public hospitals＇ reports, for example, interpersonal relationships, egoism, private financial interests, strengthening of the employment status and professional position, and professional competences. There is considerable freedom in the reporting process fulfilled by public hospitals in Poland for their ownership body. It causes strong consequences, like poor-quality data, duplication of information, and its chaos, as well as high costs of obtaining information. Reporting system of financial and non-financial data of public hospitals in Poland is dysfunctional.
文摘The financial crisis undoubtedly exerted a pressure on the companies operating in Poland. Thus, it is important to undertake researches that reveal the paths and strength of the transmission of financial crisis with regard to the business entities. This paper presents partial results of the researches dedicated to the analysis of the impact of financial crisis on the financial situation of companies operating in Silesian Region in Poland. It analyses and discusses the general changes in the financial ratios that inform about the company＇s financial liquidity and the level of liquidity risk. As a research paper, it aims at justifying hypotheses about the changes of liquidity and liquidity risk in companies operating in Poland, Silesian Region within the period of 2006-2009. The tested hypotheses generally indicate the decrease of liquidity in the aftermath of crisis and a worse situation in the Silesian Region, as compared to the national level. The study is based on an application of a part of authors＇ self-developed method--the CFS Watch （Corporate Financial Situation Watch）, which consists of five analytical modules. In this study, one module is applied： the FLA Module （Financial Liquidity Analysis） with regard to financial liquidity and the level of liquidity risk. The research is based on the data collected by the Polish Central Statistical Office. The analysis of FLA Module is based on two samples of companies： companies operating in the Silesian Region （denoted as the MEPP sample）, and companies operating in Poland （denoted as the MAPP sample）. This allows developing a comparative analysis between regional and national dimension. The results of the study represent an interesting starting point for further comparative researches based on the analysis of the changes in the level of liquidity and liquidity risk of companies operating in different countries. It may form a base for finding similarities or differences in their financial situation in the aftermath of the financial crisis. The CFS Watch method in terms of the liquidity can be widely applied to make the results comparable.
文摘The new prudential standards implemented by the Basel Committee treat banks＇ capital as a foundation for safety. The appropriate level of bank＇s capital helps to manage all kinds of risks with the special attendance on credit risk. The adequate capital base enables absorbing losses and maintaining bank＇s stability. The necessity to fulfill the capital requirements influences banks＇ credit policy and, as a result, the access to companies＇ external financing. The main purpose of the paper is to present the impact of the capital requirements implemented by Basel Committee （Basel III requirements） on companies＇ access to external finance. The paper discusses the changes in credit standards, the companies＇ external financing and formulates the prerequisites for the further development of companies＇ external financing. The paper contains the empirical data for largest European euro area countries regarding the GDP.
文摘The paper focuses on the increasing development of e-services and an increase in interest in them. With e-government is developed, a collaboration between employees of public administration at different levels of the natural or legal persons according to their needs. The paper presents the electronic platforms of public administration services in Poland. The analysis of e-government was conducted based on selected statistics from reports prepared by the United Nations in 2010 and 2012. The data for the European Union and Poland are summarized in the table in order of occupied places in the ranking and evaluation of e-government and e-services in Poland on the background of world and the European Union are presented in the form of graphs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82220108007).
文摘Background Histopathology diagnosis is often regarded as the final diagnostic method for malignant tumors;however,it has some drawbacks.This study explored a computer-aided diagnostic method that can be used to identify benign and malignant gastric cancer using histopathological images.Methods The most suitable process was selected through multiple experiments by comparing multiple meth-ods and features for classification.First,the U-net was applied to segment the image.Next,the nucleus was extracted from the segmented image,and the minimum spanning tree(MST)diagram structure that can cap-ture the topological information was drawn.The third step was to extract the graph-curvature features of the histopathological image according to the MST image.Finally,by inputting the graph-curvature features into the classifier,the recognition results for benign or malignant cancer can be obtained.Results During the experiment,we used various methods for comparison.In the image segmentation stage,U-net,watershed algorithm,and Otsu threshold segmentation methods were used.We found that the U-net method,combined with multiple indicators,was the most suitable for segmentation of histopathological images.In the feature extraction stage,in addition to extracting graph-edge and graph-curvature features,several basic im-age features were extracted,including the red,green and blue feature,gray-level co-occurrence matrix feature,histogram of oriented gradient feature,and local binary pattern feature.In the classifier design stage,we exper-imented with various methods,such as support vector machine(SVM),random forest,artificial neural network,K nearest neighbors,VGG-16,and inception-V3.Through comparison and analysis,it was found that classifica-tion results with an accuracy of 98.57%can be obtained by inputting the graph-curvature feature into the SVM classifier.
文摘The aim of this article is to present author＇s application of wavelets to predict short-term macroeconomic indicators Proposed to predict short-term time series （in particular for predicting macroeconomic indicators）, proprietary model is based on wavelet analysis with Haar wavelets, Daubechies wavelets, and adaptive models; they are the trend crawling model and alignment exponential model. Adaptive models have been modified through the introduction of wavelet function and combined into a single forecast model. Obtained from conducted research results, it shows the model an effective instrument to predict the short-term.
文摘The evolution of interuet within last years and continuous advances in electronic commerce and communication provide exciting opportunities to implement powerful framework of resources, tools and applications that revolutionize way in which healthcare institutions interact with their patients, as well as deliver and manage medical services. Internet-based healthcare is application of information and communication technologies across the whole range of healthcare functions. It covers everything from electronic prescriptions and computerized medical records to the use of new systems and services that cut waiting times and reduces data errors. Development and implementation of web-enabled communication, patient services and other e-health initiatives are increasingly important to maintaining competitive advantage and to compete for market share. More importantly, value added for patients by facilitating access to information and resources is expected to improve quality of services, speed of treatment and potentially to rationalize management of administrative processes. However, introductions of such e-healthcare services into market can be successful on condition that customers will recognize all these advantages and have trust in organizations provide theses e-services. In this paper authors will concentrate on customer trust as key factor determining success of e-healthcare. The purpose of this study will determine character and power of trust placed by customers in e-healthcare, and to identify factors influencing customers trust to e-healthcare. Authors have ventured thesis that customer trust to e-healthcare is high as consequence of even higher customer satisfaction with traditional healthcare services and great customer trust in traditional healthcare institutions.
