Objective:To determine the anticancer potential of the methanolic extract from Ephedra alata against breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo.Methods:The effects of the methanolic extract of Ephedra alata on the viabil...Objective:To determine the anticancer potential of the methanolic extract from Ephedra alata against breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo.Methods:The effects of the methanolic extract of Ephedra alata on the viability,migration as well as apoptosis of breast cancer 4T1 cells were measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay,Transwell assay,and annexin V-FITC staining assay,respectively.Histological examination was also carried out.Moreover,a murine breast cancer model was established to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the extract.Biochemical parameters including hepatic and non-hepatic enzymes,malondialdehyde,and glutathione were investigated.Results:The methanolic extract of Ephedra alata showed a strong anti-proliferative and anti-migratory activity against 4T1 cells in a dose-dependent manner.It also induced apoptosis in 4T1 cells.In an in vivo mouse model,the extract markedly inhibited tumor growth,reduced malondialdehyde,and hepatic and non-hepatic enzymes as well as increased glutathione level.Conclusions:The methanolic extract of Ephedra alata inhibits breast cancer in vitro and in vivo,which may be a promising anticancer agent.展开更多
BACKGROUND Angelman syndrome(AS)is caused by maternal chromosomal deletions,imprinting defects,paternal uniparental disomy involving chromosome 15 and the ubiquitin-protein ligase UBE3A gene mutations.However the gene...BACKGROUND Angelman syndrome(AS)is caused by maternal chromosomal deletions,imprinting defects,paternal uniparental disomy involving chromosome 15 and the ubiquitin-protein ligase UBE3A gene mutations.However the genetic basis remains unclear for several patients.AIM To investigate the involvement of UBE3A gene in AS and identifying new potential genes using exome sequencing.METHODS We established a cohort study in 50 patients referred to Farhat Hached University Hospital between 2006 and 2021,with a strong suspicion of AS and absence of chromosomal aberrations.The UBE3A gene was screened for mutation detection.Two unrelated patients issued from consanguineous families were subjected to exome analysis.RESULTS We describe seven UBE3A variants among them 3 none previously described including intronic variants c.2220+14T>C(intron14),c.2507+43T>A(Exon15)and insertion in Exon7:c.30-47_30-46.The exome sequencing revealed 22 potential genes that could be involved in AS-like syndromes that should be investigated further.CONCLUSION Screening for UBE3A mutations in AS patients has been proven to be useful to confirm the diagnosis.Our exome findings could rise to new potential alternative target genes for genetic counseling.展开更多
Thiswork investigates an oblique stagnation point flowof hybrid nanofluid over a rigid surface with power lawfluidas lubricated layers. Copper (Cu) and Silver (Ag) solid particles are used as hybrid particles acting i...Thiswork investigates an oblique stagnation point flowof hybrid nanofluid over a rigid surface with power lawfluidas lubricated layers. Copper (Cu) and Silver (Ag) solid particles are used as hybrid particles acting in water H2O asa base fluid. The mathematical formulation of flow configuration is presented in terms of differential systemthat isnonlinear in nature. The thermal aspects of the flow field are also investigated by assuming the surface is a heatedsurface with a constant temperature T. Numerical solutions to the governing mathematical model are calculatedby the RK45 algorithm. The results based on the numerical solution against various flow and thermal controllingparameters are presented in terms of line graphs. The specific results depict that the heat flux increases over thelubricated-indexed parameter.展开更多
AIM To compare liver proteolysis and proteasome activation in steatotic liver grafts conserved in University of Wisconsin(UW) and Institut Georges Lopez-1(IGL-1)solutions.METHODS Fatty liver grafts from male obese Z&#...AIM To compare liver proteolysis and proteasome activation in steatotic liver grafts conserved in University of Wisconsin(UW) and Institut Georges Lopez-1(IGL-1)solutions.METHODS Fatty liver grafts from male obese Zücker rats were conserved in UW and IGL-1 solutions for 24 h at 4 ℃and subjected to "ex vivo " normo-thermic perfusion(2 h; 37 ℃). Liver proteolysis in tissue specimens and perfusate was measured by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Total free amino acid release was correlated with the activation of the ubiquitin proteasome system(UPS: measured as chymotryptic-like activity and 20 S and 19 S proteasome), the prevention of liver injury(transaminases), mitochondrial injury(confocal microscopy) and inflammation markers(TNF 1 alpha, high mobility group box-1(HGMB-1) and PPAR gamma), and liver apoptosis(TUNEL assay, cytochrome c and caspase 3).RESULTS Profiles of free AA(alanine, proline, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, lysine, ornithine, and threonine, among others) were similar for tissue and reperfusion effluent. In all cases, the IGL-1 solution showed a significantly higher prevention of proteolysis than UW(P < 0.05) after cold ischemia reperfusion. Livers conserved in IGL-1 presented more effective prevention of ATP-breakdown and more inhibition of UPS activity(measured as chymotryptic-like activity). In addition, the prevention of liver proteolysis and UPS activation correlated with the prevention of liver injury(AST/ALT) and mitochondrial damage(revealed by confocal microscopy findings) as well as with the prevention of inflammatory markers(TNF1alpha and HMGB) after reperfusion. In addition, the liver grafts preserved in IGL-1 showed a significant decrease in liver apoptosis, as shown by TUNEL assay and the reduction of cytochrome c, caspase 3 and P62 levels. CONCLUSION Our comparison of these two preservation solutions suggests that IGL-1 helps to prevent ATP breakdown more effectively than UW and subsequently achieves a higher UPS inhibition and reduced liver proteolysis.展开更多
Objectives: To evaluate the perceived mental workload and to identify its individual and professional determinants among Tunisian caregivers in university hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in...Objectives: To evaluate the perceived mental workload and to identify its individual and professional determinants among Tunisian caregivers in university hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in two university hospitals of the center of Tunisia, which employ 1179 paramedics providing care activities. The survey was conducted within a representative sample, of 301 caregivers assigned to 28 medical and surgical services, randomly drawn, after being paired according to age, gender and work schedule. It included structured inquiry (socio-professional characteristics, occupational perceived workload) and validated questionnaires (Job Content Questionnaire of Karasek, SF12, WAI). Results: Mental workload was perceived as “moderate” by 145 caregivers (48.49%) and as “heavy” by 119 caregivers (40.61% of them). Among the sample, 209 paramedics endured at least once the fixed night work schedules along their respective careers, with an average of 5.63 ± 7.54 years. According to the WAI index, 39.59% of subjects considered their capacity of work as low. Moreover, job strain was noted in 19.79%. Indeed, work latitude was unsatisfactory among 41% of caregiver, 60.1% of them mentioned the absence of colleagues’ support. A feeling of job insecurity was reported by 73.72% of subjects. Multi-varied analytic study concluded that heavier perceived mental work load was correlated to individual determinants particularly age >45 years (p -3), overweight or obesity (p = 0.02), more than three depending children (p -3), lower degree obtained (p -3), working grade as nurse assistant (P = 0.001), lower quality of physical life (0.010) and expressed willingness to retire early (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The heavy perception of mental workload associated to care activities, is one of the reasons of premature departure among nurses from professional activity. Preventive actions on professional determinants of perceived workload can reduce this phenomenon.展开更多
This survey paper aims to show methods to analyze and classify field satellite images using deep learning and machine learning algorithms.Users of deep learning-based Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)technology to har...This survey paper aims to show methods to analyze and classify field satellite images using deep learning and machine learning algorithms.Users of deep learning-based Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)technology to harvest fields from satellite images or generate zones of interest were among the planned application scenarios(ROI).Using machine learning,the satellite image is placed on the input image,segmented,and then tagged.In contem-porary categorization,field size ratio,Local Binary Pattern(LBP)histograms,and color data are taken into account.Field satellite image localization has several practical applications,including pest management,scene analysis,and field tracking.The relationship between satellite images in a specific area,or contextual information,is essential to comprehending the field in its whole.展开更多
Introducing IoT devices to healthcare fields has made it possible to remotely monitor patients’information and provide a proper diagnosis as needed,resulting in the Internet of Medical Things(IoMT).However,obtaining ...Introducing IoT devices to healthcare fields has made it possible to remotely monitor patients’information and provide a proper diagnosis as needed,resulting in the Internet of Medical Things(IoMT).However,obtaining good security features that ensure the integrity and confidentiality of patient’s information is a significant challenge.However,due to the computational resources being limited,an edge device may struggle to handle heavy detection tasks such as complex machine learning algorithms.Therefore,designing and developing a lightweight detection mechanism is crucial.To address the aforementioned challenges,a new lightweight IDS approach is developed to effectively combat a diverse range of cyberattacks in IoMT networks.The proposed anomaly-based IDS is divided into three steps:pre-processing,feature selection,and decision.In the pre-processing phase,data cleaning and normalization are performed.In the feature selection step,the proposed approach uses two data-driven kernel techniques:kernel principal component analysis and kernel partial least square techniques to reduce the dimension of extracted features and to ameliorate the detection results.Therefore,in decision step,in order to classify whether the traffic flow is normal or malicious the kernel extreme learning machine is used.To check the efficiency of the developed detection scheme,a modern IoMT dataset named WUSTL-EHMS-2020 is considered to evaluate and discuss the achieved results.The proposed method achieved 99.9%accuracy,99.8%specificity,100%Sensitivity,99.9 F-score.展开更多
Drying of a deformable saturated porous medium based on convective tempering is a novel method that can enhance energy efficiency and the quality of the dried product itself.In this experimental investigation,the perf...Drying of a deformable saturated porous medium based on convective tempering is a novel method that can enhance energy efficiency and the quality of the dried product itself.In this experimental investigation,the performances of this specific technique are compared with those of a standard stationary drying process in terms of deformation,drying kinetics,moisture redistribution,and energy consumption.In particular,the response of a deformable saturated porous medium(Kaolin)is considered.The results are critically discussed pointing out advantages and drawbacks.展开更多
A high percentage of failure in pump elements originates from fatigue.This study focuses on the discharge section behavior,made of ductile iron,under dynamic load.An experimental protocol is established to collect the...A high percentage of failure in pump elements originates from fatigue.This study focuses on the discharge section behavior,made of ductile iron,under dynamic load.An experimental protocol is established to collect the strain under pressurization and depressurization tests at specific locations.These experimental results are used to formulate the ultimate pressure expression function of the strain and the lateral surface of the discharge section and to validate finite element modeling.Fe-Safe is then used to assess the fatigue life cycle using different types of fatigue criteria(Coffin-Manson,Morrow,Goodman,and Soderberg).When the pressure is under 3000 PSI,pumps have an unlimited service life of 107 cycles,regardless of the criterion.However,for a pressure of 3555 PSI,only the Morrow criterion denotes a significant decrease in fatigue life cycles,as it considers the average stress.The topological optimization is then applied to the most critical pump model(with the lowest fatigue life cycle)to increase its fatigue life.Using the solid isotropic material with a penalization approach,the Abaqus Topology OptimizationModule is employed.The goal is to reduce the strain energy density while keeping the volume within bounds.According to the findings,a 5%volume reduction causes the strain energy density to decrease from 1.06 to 0.66106 J/m^(3).According to Morrow,the fatigue life cycle at 3,555 PSI is 782,425 longer than the initial 309,742 cycles.展开更多
Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) detected in the hospital and in the community is one of the most common reasons for consultation in everyday practice;it represents a major source of antibiotic consumption. T...Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) detected in the hospital and in the community is one of the most common reasons for consultation in everyday practice;it represents a major source of antibiotic consumption. This study’s objectives were to outline the microbiological profile of Tunisian patients with UTI and assess antibiotic resistance over the course of three years at the Orthopedic Institute. Methods: All strains identified in urine samples between January 1st, 2019, and December 31st, 2021, were included. Standard laboratory procedures were used to identify the bacterium. The Microscan Walkway 40 Plus was used to do biochemical assays and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The EUCAST criteria were used to interpret the findings. Results: A total of 1313 strains were isolated. The bacteriological study showed the predominance of enterobacteria (96.8%), especially E. coli (52.2%) and K. pneumoniae (19.3%). Overall resistance rates to antimicrobial agents were as follows: for hospital, E. coli strains were in descending order amoxicillin (73.05%), trimeth/sulfamethoxazole (46.9%), ofloxacin (40.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (35.05%) and gentamicin (20.5%). Our results showed low resistance to fosfomycin for E. coli 2.6% in hospitals while ≥12.1% for K. pneumoniae. Amikacin resistance remains medium-low for E. coli being ≥20% and 10% for K. pneumonia. Nitrofuran resistance has affected 1.06% of E. coli strains in hospital settings and 21.5% of K. pneumoniae. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) production was present in a number of enterobacteria (19.3% of K. pneumoniae and 14.4% of E. coli). Conclusion: The prevalence of E. coli and K. pneumoniae producers ESBLs in UTI is increasing. Rigorous surveillance of resistance rate is necessary to determine appropriate empirical treatment and limit the spread of multiresistant strains.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to select an appropriate commercial neutral cellulase enzyme for denim garments bio-polishing to achieve specific industrial goals. A full factorial experimental design was used to evaluat...The purpose of this study is to select an appropriate commercial neutral cellulase enzyme for denim garments bio-polishing to achieve specific industrial goals. A full factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of factors considered in the optimization of the bio-polishing process (fabric ID: x1, treatment time: x2, treatment temperature: x3, enzyme concentration: x4, storage time: x5, inactivation step: x6 and enzyme type: x7). Experiments were conducted using laboratory washing machine. Subjective evaluation was performed at a pilot and at an industrial scale. Tear, tensile strength and subjective evaluation concerning hand feel, fabric color, indigo dye pocket back staining and fuzziness extent were evaluated. Results showed that x6 and x7 had significant effects on the fabric tear and tensile strength loss. In the optimization, the great dependence between observed and predicted tear strength and tensile strength loss, the correlation coefficient of the models (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.85) and the important value of F-ratio proved the validity of the models. Results showed that denim leg panels treated with the enzyme Lava-Cell NSZ presented a minimum loss of tear and tensile strength. A low-temperature and time enzymatic bio-polishing process was developed at industrial scale.展开更多
In the cloud environment,ensuring a high level of data security is in high demand.Data planning storage optimization is part of the whole security process in the cloud environment.It enables data security by avoiding ...In the cloud environment,ensuring a high level of data security is in high demand.Data planning storage optimization is part of the whole security process in the cloud environment.It enables data security by avoiding the risk of data loss and data overlapping.The development of data flow scheduling approaches in the cloud environment taking security parameters into account is insufficient.In our work,we propose a data scheduling model for the cloud environment.Themodel is made up of three parts that together help dispatch user data flow to the appropriate cloudVMs.The first component is the Collector Agent whichmust periodically collect information on the state of the network links.The second one is the monitoring agent which must then analyze,classify,and make a decision on the state of the link and finally transmit this information to the scheduler.The third one is the scheduler who must consider previous information to transfer user data,including fair distribution and reliable paths.It should be noted that each part of the proposedmodel requires the development of its algorithms.In this article,we are interested in the development of data transfer algorithms,including fairness distribution with the consideration of a stable link state.These algorithms are based on the grouping of transmitted files and the iterative method.The proposed algorithms showthe performances to obtain an approximate solution to the studied problem which is an NP-hard(Non-Polynomial solution)problem.The experimental results show that the best algorithm is the half-grouped minimum excluding(HME),with a percentage of 91.3%,an average deviation of 0.042,and an execution time of 0.001 s.展开更多
AIM: To compare Institut Georges Lopez(IGL-1) and Celsior preservation solutions for hepatic endothelium relaxation and liver cold ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI).METHODS: Two experimental models were used.In the fir...AIM: To compare Institut Georges Lopez(IGL-1) and Celsior preservation solutions for hepatic endothelium relaxation and liver cold ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI).METHODS: Two experimental models were used.In the first one, acetylcholine-induced endotheliumdependent relaxation(EDR) was measured in isolated ring preparations of rat hepatic arteries preserved or not in IGL-1 or Celsior solutions(24 h at 4 ℃).To determine nitric oxide(NO) and cyclooxygenase EDR, hepatic arteries were incubated with L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester(L-NAME), an inhibitor of endothelium nitric oxide synthase(e NOS), or with L-NAME plus indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.In the second experiment, rat livers were cold-stored in IGL-1 or Celsior solutions for 24 h at 4 ℃ and then perfused "ex vivo " for 2 h at 37 ℃.Liver injury was assessed by transaminase measurements, liver function by bile production and bromosulfophthalein clearance, oxidative stress by malondialdehyde levels and catalase activity and alterations in cell signaling pathways by pA kt, pA MPK, eN OS and MAPKs proteins level.RESULTS: After cold storage for 24 h with either Celsior or IGL-1, EDR was only slightly altered.Infreshly isolated arteries, EDR was exclusively mediated by NO.However, cold-stored arteries showed NOand COX-dependent relaxation.The decrease in NO-dependent relaxation after cold storage was significantly more marked with Celsior.The second study indicated that IGL-1 solution obtained better liver preservation and protection against IRI than Celsior.Liver injury was reduced, function was improved and there was less oxidative stress.IGL-1 solution activated Akt and AMPK, which was concomitant with increased eN OS expression and nitrite/nitrate levels.Furthermore, MAPKs kinases were regulated in livers preserved with IGL-1 solution since reductions in p-p38, p-ERK and p-JNK protein levels were observed.CONCLUSION: IGL-1 solution preserved NO-dependent relaxation better than Celsior storage solution and enhanced liver graft preservation.展开更多
AIM:To examine the relevance of hypoxia inducible factor(HIF-1)and nitric oxide(NO)on the preservation of fatty liver against cold ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI). METHODS:We used an isolated perfused rat liver model...AIM:To examine the relevance of hypoxia inducible factor(HIF-1)and nitric oxide(NO)on the preservation of fatty liver against cold ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI). METHODS:We used an isolated perfused rat liver model and we evaluated HIF-1αin steatotic and non-steatotic livers preserved for 24 h at 4℃in University of Wisconsin and IGL-1 solutions,and then subjected to 2 h of normothermic reperfusion.After normoxic reperfusion,liver enzymes,bile production,bromosulfophthalein clearance,as well as HIF-1αand NO[endothelial NO synthase(eNOS)activity and nitrites/nitrates]were also measured.Other factors associated with the higher susceptibility of steatotic livers to IRI,such as mitochondrial damage and vascular resistance were evaluated. RESULTS:A significant increase in HIF-1αwas found in steatotic and non-steatotic livers preserved in IGL-1 after cold storage.Livers preserved in IGL-1 showed a significant attenuation of liver injury and improvement in liver function parameters.These benefits were enhanced by the addition of trimetazidine(an antiischemic drug),which induces NO and eNOS activation, to IGL-1 solution.In normoxic reperfusion,the presence of NO favors HIF-1αaccumulation,promoting also the activation of other cytoprotective genes,such as hemeoxygenase-1. CONCLUSION:We found evidence for the role of the HIF-1α/NO system in fatty liver preservation,especially when IGL-1 solution is used.展开更多
Background Coronary artery disease(CAD)remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality.Cytokines play a potential role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and progression.We investigated the association between high se...Background Coronary artery disease(CAD)remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality.Cytokines play a potential role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and progression.We investigated the association between high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs CRP)and severity of CAD.Methods CAD patients were stratified according to hs CRP cut-off value into high levels hs CRP group(≥8.4 mg/L)and low levels hs CRP group(<8.4 mg/L).Severity of CAD was assessed according to artery stenosis degree and the number of vessel involved.Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS,version 23.0).Results The mean age was 60.3±11.0 years.The level of hs CRP was increased and ranged from 0.2 to 1020.0 mg/L.Biochemical risk factors and severity of CAD didn’t show significant differences between the two groups.In multivariate linear analysis,cardiac troponin I(c Tn I)and serum amyloid A(SAA)were predictors of hs CRP.As shown in receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis performed in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)and compared to myonecrosis biomarkers,hs CRP(area under the curve(AUC):0.905;95%CI:0.844-0.966;P<0.001)could be a powerful predictor marker in evaluating the infarct size after myocardial infarction but not better than c Tn I.Conclusions Hs CRP levels were not associated with the severity of CAD but could be useful in the evaluation of myocardial necrosis in patients with STEMI.展开更多
Growing pear has a long tradition in Tunisia, and numerous local cultivars possessing an excellent adaptability and resilience potential to climatic variation are present. This large adaptability is associated with an...Growing pear has a long tradition in Tunisia, and numerous local cultivars possessing an excellent adaptability and resilience potential to climatic variation are present. This large adaptability is associated with an important genetic diversity, which is threatened to erosion.Appropriate measures have to be taken in order to properly evaluate and conserve this local material. Microsatellite markers were used to assess the level of genetic diversity among Tunisian pear germplasm, and compare it with some European varieties and wild pear species. 61 pear accessions representing eight groups(six groups from Tunisia, one from Northern Europe and another group composed of wild pear) have been genotyped using SSR markers derived from apple and pear. The pear accessions showed a significant polymorphism and 95 polymorphic alleles were found. The number of alleles per locus varied from 5 for CH04e03 locus to 14 for CH01d09 locus with an average of 9.4 alleles per locus.Moreover, the mean gene diversity(H_e) per locus ranged from 0.192 to 0.752. Genetic distance values and cluster analyses revealed high genetic similarities among the Tunisian groups. Factorial correspondence analysis(FCA) categorized the accessions into three independent groups where Tunisian local accessions agglomerated together distantly from European and wild pear accessions. Additionally, UPGMA dendrogram grouped accessions into two clusters, confirmed thereafter by the Bayesian model-based Structure analysis. The results showed 16 putative triploid accessions found in the local germplasm. This study provides valuable information to develop strategies of local pear conservation and use.展开更多
Three groups of female rats(n=6 per group) were exposed to 1 and 10 mg/L of sodium arsenate for 90 days. The antioxidant and peroxidation parameters in kidney and liver tissues were evaluated, also the fatty acid comp...Three groups of female rats(n=6 per group) were exposed to 1 and 10 mg/L of sodium arsenate for 90 days. The antioxidant and peroxidation parameters in kidney and liver tissues were evaluated, also the fatty acid composition were determined. In liver the synthesis pathway of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) seemed to be more affected than the n-6 PUFA, while in kidney the n-6 pathway was more affected. The Δ5 ‘desaturase index' was decreased in kidney. Both in liver and kidney an increase in the percentage of trans PUFA was observed, also we noted a disturbance in antioxidant parameters as SOD, GPx, CAT, and GSH(P<0.05). While the protein carbonyl levels increased only in liver.展开更多
Natural dyes have become an interesting subject of study because of their better ecological properties in comparison to their synthetic counterparts.This article concerns the dyeing of wool,silk,and polyamide fabrics ...Natural dyes have become an interesting subject of study because of their better ecological properties in comparison to their synthetic counterparts.This article concerns the dyeing of wool,silk,and polyamide fabrics with natural dyes extracted from almond shells and stems.The developed method of dyeing by these extracts is interesting and very attractive for several reasons:firstly,the extracts used are the black liquor discharged from the industries of delignification,which is a chemical process for removing lignin from agricultural wastes to produce a cellulosic fiber;(ii)these natural dyes are renewable and available in large quantities;(iii)this method is economical;and(iv)lastly,the dyeing performances of the obtained dyed textiles are very promising.The color of each dyed material was investigated in terms of the CIELAB coordinates and their fastness properties measured by washing,rubbing,and light.展开更多
In this paper, firstly we demonstrate the use of nodal admittance matrix to convert a low-pass band-pass filter based on operational amplifier(op-amp) to a circuit based on a second-generation current conveyor(CCII). ...In this paper, firstly we demonstrate the use of nodal admittance matrix to convert a low-pass band-pass filter based on operational amplifier(op-amp) to a circuit based on a second-generation current conveyor(CCII). This technique allows us to get eight presumptions of filter circuits. Secondly, we present a novel architecture circuit of CCII, which can operate at low supply voltage of ±0.75 V. All simulations are performed by TSPICE models. The simulation results show that this circuit has a low impedance at terminal X(R X=1.01 Ω), a very high input impedance at terminal Y, and wide bandwidth current and voltage. The center frequency of the proposed filter is variable on the interval [157 k Hz, 196 MHz].展开更多
The present study reports on population structure analysis of the marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus(Fabricius, 1787) from the Tunisian coast, an appropriate location to study biogeographical processes because of th...The present study reports on population structure analysis of the marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus(Fabricius, 1787) from the Tunisian coast, an appropriate location to study biogeographical processes because of the presence of a well-known discontinuous biogeographic area(the Siculo-Tunisian Strait). Patterns of morphological and genetic variation of this highly dispersive and continuously distributed decapod species were assessed among its geographically close populations which cover almost the entire Tunisian coastline. A total of386 specimens from nine sites were collected and examined for morphometric variability at 14 morphometric traits. The results of multivariate analyses of linear morphometric traits showed the existence of sexual dimorphism in this species by PERMANOVA(Permutational multivariate analysis of variance). In addition, both CDA(Canonical discriminant analysis) and NPMANOVA(Non parametric MANOVA test) analyses revealed statistically significant differences among the studied locations for both sexes. Overall, the outcome of CDA analysis showed that over 87% of individuals could be assigned correctly to three regional groups in both sexes(North, Center and South). Specifically, SIMPER(Similarity Percentages) analysis showed that carapace length,carapace width and merus length were major contributors to the morphometric separation between populations.The pattern of phenotypic variation suggested by morphometric analyses was found to be highly discordant with that suggested by the analysis of a mitochondrial marker(cytochrome oxidase I, COI). Indeed, the results inferred from restriction fragment analysis of the COI in 180 crabs, suggested high genetic homogeneity. Very low levels of haplotype diversity(h) were found in almost all the studied populations, associated with non significant genetic distances for nearly all population comparisons. Explanations to these morphometric and mt DNA patterns as well as the discrepancy between them are discussed.展开更多
文摘Objective:To determine the anticancer potential of the methanolic extract from Ephedra alata against breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo.Methods:The effects of the methanolic extract of Ephedra alata on the viability,migration as well as apoptosis of breast cancer 4T1 cells were measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay,Transwell assay,and annexin V-FITC staining assay,respectively.Histological examination was also carried out.Moreover,a murine breast cancer model was established to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the extract.Biochemical parameters including hepatic and non-hepatic enzymes,malondialdehyde,and glutathione were investigated.Results:The methanolic extract of Ephedra alata showed a strong anti-proliferative and anti-migratory activity against 4T1 cells in a dose-dependent manner.It also induced apoptosis in 4T1 cells.In an in vivo mouse model,the extract markedly inhibited tumor growth,reduced malondialdehyde,and hepatic and non-hepatic enzymes as well as increased glutathione level.Conclusions:The methanolic extract of Ephedra alata inhibits breast cancer in vitro and in vivo,which may be a promising anticancer agent.
文摘BACKGROUND Angelman syndrome(AS)is caused by maternal chromosomal deletions,imprinting defects,paternal uniparental disomy involving chromosome 15 and the ubiquitin-protein ligase UBE3A gene mutations.However the genetic basis remains unclear for several patients.AIM To investigate the involvement of UBE3A gene in AS and identifying new potential genes using exome sequencing.METHODS We established a cohort study in 50 patients referred to Farhat Hached University Hospital between 2006 and 2021,with a strong suspicion of AS and absence of chromosomal aberrations.The UBE3A gene was screened for mutation detection.Two unrelated patients issued from consanguineous families were subjected to exome analysis.RESULTS We describe seven UBE3A variants among them 3 none previously described including intronic variants c.2220+14T>C(intron14),c.2507+43T>A(Exon15)and insertion in Exon7:c.30-47_30-46.The exome sequencing revealed 22 potential genes that could be involved in AS-like syndromes that should be investigated further.CONCLUSION Screening for UBE3A mutations in AS patients has been proven to be useful to confirm the diagnosis.Our exome findings could rise to new potential alternative target genes for genetic counseling.
文摘Thiswork investigates an oblique stagnation point flowof hybrid nanofluid over a rigid surface with power lawfluidas lubricated layers. Copper (Cu) and Silver (Ag) solid particles are used as hybrid particles acting in water H2O asa base fluid. The mathematical formulation of flow configuration is presented in terms of differential systemthat isnonlinear in nature. The thermal aspects of the flow field are also investigated by assuming the surface is a heatedsurface with a constant temperature T. Numerical solutions to the governing mathematical model are calculatedby the RK45 algorithm. The results based on the numerical solution against various flow and thermal controllingparameters are presented in terms of line graphs. The specific results depict that the heat flux increases over thelubricated-indexed parameter.
基金Supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)through the FIS project PI12/0056,co-funded by FEDER from Regional Development European Funds(European Union)
文摘AIM To compare liver proteolysis and proteasome activation in steatotic liver grafts conserved in University of Wisconsin(UW) and Institut Georges Lopez-1(IGL-1)solutions.METHODS Fatty liver grafts from male obese Zücker rats were conserved in UW and IGL-1 solutions for 24 h at 4 ℃and subjected to "ex vivo " normo-thermic perfusion(2 h; 37 ℃). Liver proteolysis in tissue specimens and perfusate was measured by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Total free amino acid release was correlated with the activation of the ubiquitin proteasome system(UPS: measured as chymotryptic-like activity and 20 S and 19 S proteasome), the prevention of liver injury(transaminases), mitochondrial injury(confocal microscopy) and inflammation markers(TNF 1 alpha, high mobility group box-1(HGMB-1) and PPAR gamma), and liver apoptosis(TUNEL assay, cytochrome c and caspase 3).RESULTS Profiles of free AA(alanine, proline, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, lysine, ornithine, and threonine, among others) were similar for tissue and reperfusion effluent. In all cases, the IGL-1 solution showed a significantly higher prevention of proteolysis than UW(P < 0.05) after cold ischemia reperfusion. Livers conserved in IGL-1 presented more effective prevention of ATP-breakdown and more inhibition of UPS activity(measured as chymotryptic-like activity). In addition, the prevention of liver proteolysis and UPS activation correlated with the prevention of liver injury(AST/ALT) and mitochondrial damage(revealed by confocal microscopy findings) as well as with the prevention of inflammatory markers(TNF1alpha and HMGB) after reperfusion. In addition, the liver grafts preserved in IGL-1 showed a significant decrease in liver apoptosis, as shown by TUNEL assay and the reduction of cytochrome c, caspase 3 and P62 levels. CONCLUSION Our comparison of these two preservation solutions suggests that IGL-1 helps to prevent ATP breakdown more effectively than UW and subsequently achieves a higher UPS inhibition and reduced liver proteolysis.
文摘Objectives: To evaluate the perceived mental workload and to identify its individual and professional determinants among Tunisian caregivers in university hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in two university hospitals of the center of Tunisia, which employ 1179 paramedics providing care activities. The survey was conducted within a representative sample, of 301 caregivers assigned to 28 medical and surgical services, randomly drawn, after being paired according to age, gender and work schedule. It included structured inquiry (socio-professional characteristics, occupational perceived workload) and validated questionnaires (Job Content Questionnaire of Karasek, SF12, WAI). Results: Mental workload was perceived as “moderate” by 145 caregivers (48.49%) and as “heavy” by 119 caregivers (40.61% of them). Among the sample, 209 paramedics endured at least once the fixed night work schedules along their respective careers, with an average of 5.63 ± 7.54 years. According to the WAI index, 39.59% of subjects considered their capacity of work as low. Moreover, job strain was noted in 19.79%. Indeed, work latitude was unsatisfactory among 41% of caregiver, 60.1% of them mentioned the absence of colleagues’ support. A feeling of job insecurity was reported by 73.72% of subjects. Multi-varied analytic study concluded that heavier perceived mental work load was correlated to individual determinants particularly age >45 years (p -3), overweight or obesity (p = 0.02), more than three depending children (p -3), lower degree obtained (p -3), working grade as nurse assistant (P = 0.001), lower quality of physical life (0.010) and expressed willingness to retire early (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The heavy perception of mental workload associated to care activities, is one of the reasons of premature departure among nurses from professional activity. Preventive actions on professional determinants of perceived workload can reduce this phenomenon.
文摘This survey paper aims to show methods to analyze and classify field satellite images using deep learning and machine learning algorithms.Users of deep learning-based Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)technology to harvest fields from satellite images or generate zones of interest were among the planned application scenarios(ROI).Using machine learning,the satellite image is placed on the input image,segmented,and then tagged.In contem-porary categorization,field size ratio,Local Binary Pattern(LBP)histograms,and color data are taken into account.Field satellite image localization has several practical applications,including pest management,scene analysis,and field tracking.The relationship between satellite images in a specific area,or contextual information,is essential to comprehending the field in its whole.
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at the University of Tabuk through Research No.S-1443-0111.
文摘Introducing IoT devices to healthcare fields has made it possible to remotely monitor patients’information and provide a proper diagnosis as needed,resulting in the Internet of Medical Things(IoMT).However,obtaining good security features that ensure the integrity and confidentiality of patient’s information is a significant challenge.However,due to the computational resources being limited,an edge device may struggle to handle heavy detection tasks such as complex machine learning algorithms.Therefore,designing and developing a lightweight detection mechanism is crucial.To address the aforementioned challenges,a new lightweight IDS approach is developed to effectively combat a diverse range of cyberattacks in IoMT networks.The proposed anomaly-based IDS is divided into three steps:pre-processing,feature selection,and decision.In the pre-processing phase,data cleaning and normalization are performed.In the feature selection step,the proposed approach uses two data-driven kernel techniques:kernel principal component analysis and kernel partial least square techniques to reduce the dimension of extracted features and to ameliorate the detection results.Therefore,in decision step,in order to classify whether the traffic flow is normal or malicious the kernel extreme learning machine is used.To check the efficiency of the developed detection scheme,a modern IoMT dataset named WUSTL-EHMS-2020 is considered to evaluate and discuss the achieved results.The proposed method achieved 99.9%accuracy,99.8%specificity,100%Sensitivity,99.9 F-score.
基金financial support from the Ministry of Higher Education(TUNISIA).
文摘Drying of a deformable saturated porous medium based on convective tempering is a novel method that can enhance energy efficiency and the quality of the dried product itself.In this experimental investigation,the performances of this specific technique are compared with those of a standard stationary drying process in terms of deformation,drying kinetics,moisture redistribution,and energy consumption.In particular,the response of a deformable saturated porous medium(Kaolin)is considered.The results are critically discussed pointing out advantages and drawbacks.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project number(RSPD2023R698),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia for funding this research work.
文摘A high percentage of failure in pump elements originates from fatigue.This study focuses on the discharge section behavior,made of ductile iron,under dynamic load.An experimental protocol is established to collect the strain under pressurization and depressurization tests at specific locations.These experimental results are used to formulate the ultimate pressure expression function of the strain and the lateral surface of the discharge section and to validate finite element modeling.Fe-Safe is then used to assess the fatigue life cycle using different types of fatigue criteria(Coffin-Manson,Morrow,Goodman,and Soderberg).When the pressure is under 3000 PSI,pumps have an unlimited service life of 107 cycles,regardless of the criterion.However,for a pressure of 3555 PSI,only the Morrow criterion denotes a significant decrease in fatigue life cycles,as it considers the average stress.The topological optimization is then applied to the most critical pump model(with the lowest fatigue life cycle)to increase its fatigue life.Using the solid isotropic material with a penalization approach,the Abaqus Topology OptimizationModule is employed.The goal is to reduce the strain energy density while keeping the volume within bounds.According to the findings,a 5%volume reduction causes the strain energy density to decrease from 1.06 to 0.66106 J/m^(3).According to Morrow,the fatigue life cycle at 3,555 PSI is 782,425 longer than the initial 309,742 cycles.
文摘Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) detected in the hospital and in the community is one of the most common reasons for consultation in everyday practice;it represents a major source of antibiotic consumption. This study’s objectives were to outline the microbiological profile of Tunisian patients with UTI and assess antibiotic resistance over the course of three years at the Orthopedic Institute. Methods: All strains identified in urine samples between January 1st, 2019, and December 31st, 2021, were included. Standard laboratory procedures were used to identify the bacterium. The Microscan Walkway 40 Plus was used to do biochemical assays and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The EUCAST criteria were used to interpret the findings. Results: A total of 1313 strains were isolated. The bacteriological study showed the predominance of enterobacteria (96.8%), especially E. coli (52.2%) and K. pneumoniae (19.3%). Overall resistance rates to antimicrobial agents were as follows: for hospital, E. coli strains were in descending order amoxicillin (73.05%), trimeth/sulfamethoxazole (46.9%), ofloxacin (40.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (35.05%) and gentamicin (20.5%). Our results showed low resistance to fosfomycin for E. coli 2.6% in hospitals while ≥12.1% for K. pneumoniae. Amikacin resistance remains medium-low for E. coli being ≥20% and 10% for K. pneumonia. Nitrofuran resistance has affected 1.06% of E. coli strains in hospital settings and 21.5% of K. pneumoniae. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) production was present in a number of enterobacteria (19.3% of K. pneumoniae and 14.4% of E. coli). Conclusion: The prevalence of E. coli and K. pneumoniae producers ESBLs in UTI is increasing. Rigorous surveillance of resistance rate is necessary to determine appropriate empirical treatment and limit the spread of multiresistant strains.
文摘The purpose of this study is to select an appropriate commercial neutral cellulase enzyme for denim garments bio-polishing to achieve specific industrial goals. A full factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of factors considered in the optimization of the bio-polishing process (fabric ID: x1, treatment time: x2, treatment temperature: x3, enzyme concentration: x4, storage time: x5, inactivation step: x6 and enzyme type: x7). Experiments were conducted using laboratory washing machine. Subjective evaluation was performed at a pilot and at an industrial scale. Tear, tensile strength and subjective evaluation concerning hand feel, fabric color, indigo dye pocket back staining and fuzziness extent were evaluated. Results showed that x6 and x7 had significant effects on the fabric tear and tensile strength loss. In the optimization, the great dependence between observed and predicted tear strength and tensile strength loss, the correlation coefficient of the models (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.85) and the important value of F-ratio proved the validity of the models. Results showed that denim leg panels treated with the enzyme Lava-Cell NSZ presented a minimum loss of tear and tensile strength. A low-temperature and time enzymatic bio-polishing process was developed at industrial scale.
基金the deputyship for Research&Innovation,Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the Project Number(IFP-2022-34).
文摘In the cloud environment,ensuring a high level of data security is in high demand.Data planning storage optimization is part of the whole security process in the cloud environment.It enables data security by avoiding the risk of data loss and data overlapping.The development of data flow scheduling approaches in the cloud environment taking security parameters into account is insufficient.In our work,we propose a data scheduling model for the cloud environment.Themodel is made up of three parts that together help dispatch user data flow to the appropriate cloudVMs.The first component is the Collector Agent whichmust periodically collect information on the state of the network links.The second one is the monitoring agent which must then analyze,classify,and make a decision on the state of the link and finally transmit this information to the scheduler.The third one is the scheduler who must consider previous information to transfer user data,including fair distribution and reliable paths.It should be noted that each part of the proposedmodel requires the development of its algorithms.In this article,we are interested in the development of data transfer algorithms,including fairness distribution with the consideration of a stable link state.These algorithms are based on the grouping of transmitted files and the iterative method.The proposed algorithms showthe performances to obtain an approximate solution to the studied problem which is an NP-hard(Non-Polynomial solution)problem.The experimental results show that the best algorithm is the half-grouped minimum excluding(HME),with a percentage of 91.3%,an average deviation of 0.042,and an execution time of 0.001 s.
基金Supported by Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research,No.UR12ES11
文摘AIM: To compare Institut Georges Lopez(IGL-1) and Celsior preservation solutions for hepatic endothelium relaxation and liver cold ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI).METHODS: Two experimental models were used.In the first one, acetylcholine-induced endotheliumdependent relaxation(EDR) was measured in isolated ring preparations of rat hepatic arteries preserved or not in IGL-1 or Celsior solutions(24 h at 4 ℃).To determine nitric oxide(NO) and cyclooxygenase EDR, hepatic arteries were incubated with L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester(L-NAME), an inhibitor of endothelium nitric oxide synthase(e NOS), or with L-NAME plus indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.In the second experiment, rat livers were cold-stored in IGL-1 or Celsior solutions for 24 h at 4 ℃ and then perfused "ex vivo " for 2 h at 37 ℃.Liver injury was assessed by transaminase measurements, liver function by bile production and bromosulfophthalein clearance, oxidative stress by malondialdehyde levels and catalase activity and alterations in cell signaling pathways by pA kt, pA MPK, eN OS and MAPKs proteins level.RESULTS: After cold storage for 24 h with either Celsior or IGL-1, EDR was only slightly altered.Infreshly isolated arteries, EDR was exclusively mediated by NO.However, cold-stored arteries showed NOand COX-dependent relaxation.The decrease in NO-dependent relaxation after cold storage was significantly more marked with Celsior.The second study indicated that IGL-1 solution obtained better liver preservation and protection against IRI than Celsior.Liver injury was reduced, function was improved and there was less oxidative stress.IGL-1 solution activated Akt and AMPK, which was concomitant with increased eN OS expression and nitrite/nitrate levels.Furthermore, MAPKs kinases were regulated in livers preserved with IGL-1 solution since reductions in p-p38, p-ERK and p-JNK protein levels were observed.CONCLUSION: IGL-1 solution preserved NO-dependent relaxation better than Celsior storage solution and enhanced liver graft preservation.
基金Supported by The Ministerio de de Sanidad y Consumo(PI081988)CIBER-EHD,Instituto Carlos Ⅲ,Madrid and Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación Internacionales(A/020255/08 and A/02987/09),Madrid
文摘AIM:To examine the relevance of hypoxia inducible factor(HIF-1)and nitric oxide(NO)on the preservation of fatty liver against cold ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI). METHODS:We used an isolated perfused rat liver model and we evaluated HIF-1αin steatotic and non-steatotic livers preserved for 24 h at 4℃in University of Wisconsin and IGL-1 solutions,and then subjected to 2 h of normothermic reperfusion.After normoxic reperfusion,liver enzymes,bile production,bromosulfophthalein clearance,as well as HIF-1αand NO[endothelial NO synthase(eNOS)activity and nitrites/nitrates]were also measured.Other factors associated with the higher susceptibility of steatotic livers to IRI,such as mitochondrial damage and vascular resistance were evaluated. RESULTS:A significant increase in HIF-1αwas found in steatotic and non-steatotic livers preserved in IGL-1 after cold storage.Livers preserved in IGL-1 showed a significant attenuation of liver injury and improvement in liver function parameters.These benefits were enhanced by the addition of trimetazidine(an antiischemic drug),which induces NO and eNOS activation, to IGL-1 solution.In normoxic reperfusion,the presence of NO favors HIF-1αaccumulation,promoting also the activation of other cytoprotective genes,such as hemeoxygenase-1. CONCLUSION:We found evidence for the role of the HIF-1α/NO system in fatty liver preservation,especially when IGL-1 solution is used.
基金funded by research organizations in Tunisia(Ministry of Public Health and Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research)。
文摘Background Coronary artery disease(CAD)remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality.Cytokines play a potential role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and progression.We investigated the association between high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs CRP)and severity of CAD.Methods CAD patients were stratified according to hs CRP cut-off value into high levels hs CRP group(≥8.4 mg/L)and low levels hs CRP group(<8.4 mg/L).Severity of CAD was assessed according to artery stenosis degree and the number of vessel involved.Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS,version 23.0).Results The mean age was 60.3±11.0 years.The level of hs CRP was increased and ranged from 0.2 to 1020.0 mg/L.Biochemical risk factors and severity of CAD didn’t show significant differences between the two groups.In multivariate linear analysis,cardiac troponin I(c Tn I)and serum amyloid A(SAA)were predictors of hs CRP.As shown in receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis performed in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)and compared to myonecrosis biomarkers,hs CRP(area under the curve(AUC):0.905;95%CI:0.844-0.966;P<0.001)could be a powerful predictor marker in evaluating the infarct size after myocardial infarction but not better than c Tn I.Conclusions Hs CRP levels were not associated with the severity of CAD but could be useful in the evaluation of myocardial necrosis in patients with STEMI.
基金Rim Ouni’s scientific study in Alnarp(Sweden)was supported by a grant from the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research(Bourse d’alternance).Authors are grateful to Department of Plant Breeding of Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU(both Alnarp and Balsgard)for technical and financial support.Also,comments received from Prof.Hilde Nybon are greatly appreciated.
文摘Growing pear has a long tradition in Tunisia, and numerous local cultivars possessing an excellent adaptability and resilience potential to climatic variation are present. This large adaptability is associated with an important genetic diversity, which is threatened to erosion.Appropriate measures have to be taken in order to properly evaluate and conserve this local material. Microsatellite markers were used to assess the level of genetic diversity among Tunisian pear germplasm, and compare it with some European varieties and wild pear species. 61 pear accessions representing eight groups(six groups from Tunisia, one from Northern Europe and another group composed of wild pear) have been genotyped using SSR markers derived from apple and pear. The pear accessions showed a significant polymorphism and 95 polymorphic alleles were found. The number of alleles per locus varied from 5 for CH04e03 locus to 14 for CH01d09 locus with an average of 9.4 alleles per locus.Moreover, the mean gene diversity(H_e) per locus ranged from 0.192 to 0.752. Genetic distance values and cluster analyses revealed high genetic similarities among the Tunisian groups. Factorial correspondence analysis(FCA) categorized the accessions into three independent groups where Tunisian local accessions agglomerated together distantly from European and wild pear accessions. Additionally, UPGMA dendrogram grouped accessions into two clusters, confirmed thereafter by the Bayesian model-based Structure analysis. The results showed 16 putative triploid accessions found in the local germplasm. This study provides valuable information to develop strategies of local pear conservation and use.
基金supported by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research through the Research Laboratory of‘Nutrition-Functional Food and Vascular Health’LRNAFS LR12ES05Faculty of Medicine,Monastir
文摘Three groups of female rats(n=6 per group) were exposed to 1 and 10 mg/L of sodium arsenate for 90 days. The antioxidant and peroxidation parameters in kidney and liver tissues were evaluated, also the fatty acid composition were determined. In liver the synthesis pathway of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) seemed to be more affected than the n-6 PUFA, while in kidney the n-6 pathway was more affected. The Δ5 ‘desaturase index' was decreased in kidney. Both in liver and kidney an increase in the percentage of trans PUFA was observed, also we noted a disturbance in antioxidant parameters as SOD, GPx, CAT, and GSH(P<0.05). While the protein carbonyl levels increased only in liver.
文摘Natural dyes have become an interesting subject of study because of their better ecological properties in comparison to their synthetic counterparts.This article concerns the dyeing of wool,silk,and polyamide fabrics with natural dyes extracted from almond shells and stems.The developed method of dyeing by these extracts is interesting and very attractive for several reasons:firstly,the extracts used are the black liquor discharged from the industries of delignification,which is a chemical process for removing lignin from agricultural wastes to produce a cellulosic fiber;(ii)these natural dyes are renewable and available in large quantities;(iii)this method is economical;and(iv)lastly,the dyeing performances of the obtained dyed textiles are very promising.The color of each dyed material was investigated in terms of the CIELAB coordinates and their fastness properties measured by washing,rubbing,and light.
文摘In this paper, firstly we demonstrate the use of nodal admittance matrix to convert a low-pass band-pass filter based on operational amplifier(op-amp) to a circuit based on a second-generation current conveyor(CCII). This technique allows us to get eight presumptions of filter circuits. Secondly, we present a novel architecture circuit of CCII, which can operate at low supply voltage of ±0.75 V. All simulations are performed by TSPICE models. The simulation results show that this circuit has a low impedance at terminal X(R X=1.01 Ω), a very high input impedance at terminal Y, and wide bandwidth current and voltage. The center frequency of the proposed filter is variable on the interval [157 k Hz, 196 MHz].
文摘The present study reports on population structure analysis of the marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus(Fabricius, 1787) from the Tunisian coast, an appropriate location to study biogeographical processes because of the presence of a well-known discontinuous biogeographic area(the Siculo-Tunisian Strait). Patterns of morphological and genetic variation of this highly dispersive and continuously distributed decapod species were assessed among its geographically close populations which cover almost the entire Tunisian coastline. A total of386 specimens from nine sites were collected and examined for morphometric variability at 14 morphometric traits. The results of multivariate analyses of linear morphometric traits showed the existence of sexual dimorphism in this species by PERMANOVA(Permutational multivariate analysis of variance). In addition, both CDA(Canonical discriminant analysis) and NPMANOVA(Non parametric MANOVA test) analyses revealed statistically significant differences among the studied locations for both sexes. Overall, the outcome of CDA analysis showed that over 87% of individuals could be assigned correctly to three regional groups in both sexes(North, Center and South). Specifically, SIMPER(Similarity Percentages) analysis showed that carapace length,carapace width and merus length were major contributors to the morphometric separation between populations.The pattern of phenotypic variation suggested by morphometric analyses was found to be highly discordant with that suggested by the analysis of a mitochondrial marker(cytochrome oxidase I, COI). Indeed, the results inferred from restriction fragment analysis of the COI in 180 crabs, suggested high genetic homogeneity. Very low levels of haplotype diversity(h) were found in almost all the studied populations, associated with non significant genetic distances for nearly all population comparisons. Explanations to these morphometric and mt DNA patterns as well as the discrepancy between them are discussed.
