The present article tests the following general assumption:plant taxa with different specializations towards mycorrhizal interactions should have different root syndromes.Roots of 61 species common in boreal zone were...The present article tests the following general assumption:plant taxa with different specializations towards mycorrhizal interactions should have different root syndromes.Roots of 61 species common in boreal zone were studied:16 species of Poaceae,24 species of Cyperaceae,14 species of Orchidaceae,and 7 species of Iridaceae.Using a fixed material of 5 individuals of each species,the following was determined:number of orders of branching roots;transverse dimensions of root,stele and cortex;number of primary xylem vessels and exodermis layers;length of root hairs;abundance of mycorrhiza.Species of each family had well-defined syndromes.Roots of Orchidaceae and Iridaceae were thick with a large stele and developed exodermis.Orchidaceae had no branching roots and had long root hairs.In Iridaceae,roots were branched,and root hairs were short.Roots of Poaceae and Cyperaceae were thin with a relatively thin stele.Root hairs were short in Poaceae and long in Cyperaceae.Our finding that root syndromes of four families of monocots differed is a new and unexpected discovery.The high specificity of root syndromes in Cyperaceae,Iridaceae,Poaceae,and Orchidaceae indicates that species of these families use different strategies to obtain water and soil nutrients.展开更多
This paper investigates the spin-up of a mass-accreting star in a close binary system passing through the first stage of mass exchange in the Hertzsprung gap. Inside an accreting star, angular momentum is carried by m...This paper investigates the spin-up of a mass-accreting star in a close binary system passing through the first stage of mass exchange in the Hertzsprung gap. Inside an accreting star, angular momentum is carried by meridional circulation and shear turbulence. The circulation carries part of the angular momentum of the accreted layers to the accretor's surface. The greater the rate of arrival of angular momentum in the accretor is, the greater this part. It is assumed that this part of the angular momentum can be removed by the disk further from the accretor. If the angular momentum in the matter entering the accretor is more than half the Keplerian value, then the angular momentum obtained by the accretor during mass exchange stage does not depend on the rate of arrival of angular momentum. The accretor may have the characteristics of a Be-star immediately after the end of mass exchange.展开更多
The increasing awareness of environmental concerns has prompted a surge in the exploration of leadfree,high-power ceramic capacitors.Ongoing efforts to develop leadfree dielectric ceramics with exceptional energystora...The increasing awareness of environmental concerns has prompted a surge in the exploration of leadfree,high-power ceramic capacitors.Ongoing efforts to develop leadfree dielectric ceramics with exceptional energystorage performance(ESP)have predominantly relied on multicomponent composite strategies,often accomplished under ultrahigh electric fields.However,this approach poses challenges in insulation and system downsizing due to the necessary working voltage under such conditions.Despite extensive study,bulk ceramics of(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5))TiO_(3)(BNT),a prominent lead-free dielectric ceramic family,have seldom achieved a recoverable energy-storage(ES)density(Wrec)exceeding 7 J cm^(−3).This study introduces a novel approach to attain ceramic capacitors with high ESP under moderate electric fields by regulating permittivity based on a linear dielectric model,enhancing insulation quality,and engineering domain structures through chemical formula optimization.The incorporation of SrTiO_(3)(ST)into the BNT matrix is revealed to reduce the dielectric constant,while the addition of Bi(Mg_(2/3)Nb_(1/3))O_(3)(BMN)aids in maintaining polarization.Additionally,the study elucidates the methodology to achieve high ESP at moderate electric fields ranging from 300 to 500 kV cm^(−1).In our optimized composition,0.5(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.4)K_(0.1))TiO_(3)–0.5(2/3ST-1/3BMN)(B-0.5SB)ceramics,we achieved a Wrec of 7.19 J cm^(−3) with an efficiency of 93.8%at 460 kV cm^(−1).Impressively,the B-0.5SB ceramics exhibit remarkable thermal stability between 30 and 140℃ under 365 kV cm^(−1),maintaining a Wrec exceeding 5 J cm^(−3).This study not only establishes the B-0.5SB ceramics as promising candidates for ES materials but also demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing ESP by modifying the dielectric constant under specific electric field conditions.Simultaneously,it provides valuable insights for the future design of ceramic capacitors with high ESP under constraints of limited electric field.展开更多
There have been several studies on sulfur depletion in dense cores like TMC-1(Taurus Molecular Cloud 1),employing updated reaction networks for sulfur species to explain the missing sulfur in the gas within dense clou...There have been several studies on sulfur depletion in dense cores like TMC-1(Taurus Molecular Cloud 1),employing updated reaction networks for sulfur species to explain the missing sulfur in the gas within dense clouds.Most of these studies used a C/O ratio of 0.7 or lower.We present NSRT(NanShan 26m Radio Telescope)observations of TMC-1 alongside results from time-dependent chemical simulations using an updated chemical network.Our findings highlight the impact of the C/O ratio on the gas-phase evolution of C2S and C3S.The simulation results show that the C/O ratio is an important parameter,playing a fundamental role in determining the gas-phase abundances of sulfur species in dense cores.展开更多
Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)are promising electric energy harvesting devices as they can produce renewable clean energy using mechanical excitations from the environment.Several designs of triboelectric energy ...Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)are promising electric energy harvesting devices as they can produce renewable clean energy using mechanical excitations from the environment.Several designs of triboelectric energy harvesters relying on biocompatible and eco-friendly natural materials have been introduced in recent years.Their ability to provide customizable self-powering for a wide range of applications,including biomedical devices,pressure and chemical sensors,and battery charging appliances,has been demonstrated.This review summarizes major advances already achieved in the field of triboelectric energy harvesting using biocompatible and eco-friendly natural materials.A rigorous,comparative,and critical analysis of preparation and testing methods is also presented.Electric power up to 14 mW was already achieved for the dry leaf/polyvinylidene fluoride-based TENG devices.These findings highlight the potential of eco-friendly self-powering systems and demonstrate the unique properties of the plants to generate electric energy for multiple applications.展开更多
The objective of this study was to compare ecophysiological and morphological parameters of a regionally endangered orchid species,Epipactis atrorubens(Hoffm.ex Bernh.)Bess.,growing in two forest communities(on serpen...The objective of this study was to compare ecophysiological and morphological parameters of a regionally endangered orchid species,Epipactis atrorubens(Hoffm.ex Bernh.)Bess.,growing in two forest communities(on serpentine and granite outcrops)of the Middle Urals,Russia.Biodiversity,dominance,and phytocoenosis studies showed the colonization of a wide range of plant species on both sites.The physicochemical properties of the soil,chemical composition and morphological features of E.atrorubens,growing under technogenic conditions(asbestos deposits),on serpentine outcrops and in the natural environment of the granite massif were studied for the first time.The serpentine substrate differed from the granite one by its greater stoniness,circumneutral pH and lower contents of available nitrogen and phosphorus.Extremely high concentrations of magnesium were found in the serpentine soil,some 79 times higher than in the granite substrate.High concentrations of nickel(94 times),chromium(59 times),cobalt(17 times),and iron(4 times)were found in the serpentine substrate,higher than in the granite substrate.The differences between the sites for available metal contents and for root and shoot metal contents were significantly less.Concentrations of most of the metals in the roots were higher than in the shoots.Despite higher metal concentrations and lower nitrogen and phosphorus levels in serpentine soils,E.atrorubens had a larger population and greater viability compared to those growing on granite.Plants on serpentine outcrops were characterized by the formation of a larger number of fruits,greater root lengths and thicker leaf blades,compared to plants on granites.The well-developed orchid mycorrhizae contributed to the survival of this species under unfavorable serpentine conditions.Hence,serpentine outcrops formed due to the mining of asbestos could be a suitable substrate for the light-demanding E.atrorubens due to its capacity to adapt to dry,rocky,nutrient-depleted soils and limited competition from other plants.展开更多
The development of highly facile synthetic procedures for the expedient synthesis of complex natural molecules is always in demand.As this aspect,the Diels-Alder reaction(DAR)has a versatile approach to the synthesis ...The development of highly facile synthetic procedures for the expedient synthesis of complex natural molecules is always in demand.As this aspect,the Diels-Alder reaction(DAR)has a versatile approach to the synthesis of complex natural compounds and highly regio-/stereoselcetive heterocyclic scaffolds.Additionally,α-pyrone and terpeno-quinone are two versatile key intermediates that are prevalent in various bioactive natural compounds for instance,(±)-crinine,(±)-joubertinamine,(±)-pancratistatin,(−)-cyclozonarone,and 8-ephipuupehedione,etc.Hence,the current review summarizes the Diels-Alder reaction application ofα-pyrone and terpenoquinone to the construc-tive synthesis of various natural products over the past two decades(2001-2021).Equally,it serves as a stencil for the invention and development of new synthetic strategies for high-complex molecular structured natural and heterocy-clic molecules.展开更多
Using a newly developed experimental setup,the features and advantages of an autothermal single-casing atmospheric sub-bituminous coal fluidized bed air-blown gasifier,combining a combustion and gasification section,a...Using a newly developed experimental setup,the features and advantages of an autothermal single-casing atmospheric sub-bituminous coal fluidized bed air-blown gasifier,combining a combustion and gasification section,and mixing the dispersed phase(inert material,char)and heat exchange between them through an annular transfer device,have been revealed.To increase the efficiency of the gasifier,an experimental-computational method was developed find the conditions for optimal operation,combining changing the annular flow's geometry and regulating the primary air for gasification.A simple and reliable multizone thermodynamic calculation model makes it possible to predict the composition of char and syngas in the gasification section with acceptable accuracy.This method confirmed that a two-section fluidized bed gasifier can provide efficient gasification of solid fuels and is suitable for use in small-scale cogeneration plants.Syngas with a heating value of 3.6-4.5 MJ/m^(3)and CGE of 38.2%-42.3%was obtained in the experimental setup without optimizing the primary air flow rate.With optimization,the indicators increased to the heating value of syngas of 5.20-5.34 MJ/m^(3)and CGE of 42.5%-50.0%.With heat regeneration of 0.8,CGE increases to 70%.展开更多
AIM To investigate the temporal sequence of pathological changes in the cellular structures of retina and choroidea in the early stages of diabetes in laboratory animals.METHODS Experimental type 1 diabetes was modele...AIM To investigate the temporal sequence of pathological changes in the cellular structures of retina and choroidea in the early stages of diabetes in laboratory animals.METHODS Experimental type 1 diabetes was modeled by three intraperitoneal injections of an alloxan solution into 30 male nonlinear rats at 16 wk of age. The 30 th and 60 th days from the final alloxan injection were chosen as the endpoints. Light and electron microscopy and morphometric and immunohistochemical studies were performed on histological slices of eyeballs from experimental animals.RESULTS Diabetic disturbances progressed to 60 d of the experiment. Thus, in the retina, a partial destruction of photoreceptors accompanied by interstitial edema was observed. The morphometric analysis revealed a reduction in the thickness of the retina. A reduction in the number of blood vessels of the choroid with disturbances of the endothelial cells and the vascular walls and a persistent reduction in the number of melanocytes were observed. The number of proliferating Ki-67 positive cells decreased, and the number of macrophages increased with diabetes development.CONCLUSION The starting point in the development of destructive changes involves early reduction in the number of melanocytes of the choroidea and alterations in the retinal pigment epithelium.展开更多
The title compound 1,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-pentane-1,5-dione (C22H22N2O4S, Mr=410.49) has been synthesized by the reaction of 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbaldehyde with 4-methox...The title compound 1,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-pentane-1,5-dione (C22H22N2O4S, Mr=410.49) has been synthesized by the reaction of 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbaldehyde with 4-methoxyacetophenone, and its structure was characterized by IR, 1H NMR, H RMS, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of the title compound belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/c with a=11.159(3), b=9.002(3), c=20.192(6), β=93.393(5)°, Z=4, V=2024.6(10) 3 , Dc=1.347 g/cm3 , μ=0.191 mm-1 , F(000)=864, R=0.0333 and wR (I>2σ (I))=0.0840. In this molecule, the 1,2,3-thiadiazol ring is nearly vertical with both phenyl rings, and intermolecular weak hydrogen bonds of C-H…O and C-H…N types together with π-π stacking interactions and interactions between S(1)…N(2) are observed. The above three kinds of interactions extend the molecules into a two-dimensional layer framework. The preliminary biological test showed that the title compound had fungicidal activity.展开更多
The title compound N-tert-butyl-N-(4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole)-5-yl-N'-(4-me-thyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole)-5-formyl-N'-3,5-dichloropyrid-2-yl-diacylhydrazines (C18H17Cl2N7O3S2, Mr = 514.41) has been synthesized by t...The title compound N-tert-butyl-N-(4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole)-5-yl-N'-(4-me-thyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole)-5-formyl-N'-3,5-dichloropyrid-2-yl-diacylhydrazines (C18H17Cl2N7O3S2, Mr = 514.41) has been synthesized by the reaction of N-tert-butyl-N'-3,6-dichloropyridine-2-formyl hydrazine with 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbonyl chloride and triethylamine, and its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, HR MS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of the title compound belongs to monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 27.726(8), b = 11.045(3), c = 14.507(4), β = 96.758(4)°, Z = 8, V = 4412(2) 3, Dc = 1.549 g/cm3, μ = 0.521 mm-1, F(000) = 2112, R = 0.0405 and wR = 0.1153. X-ray analysis indicates that all rings are non-planar in this molecule. The bioassay results indicate that both the title compound and the positive control RH-5992 have weak fungicide activities, while the title compound has good insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella L. and no insecticidal activity against Culex pipiens pallens.展开更多
The title compound naphthalen-2-yl-4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxylate (C 14 H 10 N 2 O 2 S,M r=270.31) was synthesized by the reaction of 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbonyl chloride with 2-naphthol,and its st...The title compound naphthalen-2-yl-4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxylate (C 14 H 10 N 2 O 2 S,M r=270.31) was synthesized by the reaction of 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbonyl chloride with 2-naphthol,and its structure was characterized by IR,1 H NMR,high-resolution mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The crystal belongs to orthorhombic,space group Pbcn with a=23.475(5),b=9.6640(19),c=10.814(2),β=90.00°,Z=8,V=2453.2(9) 3,M r=270.30,D c=1.464 g/cm 3,μ=0.262 mm-1,F(000)=1120,R=0.0444 and wR=0.1099.X-ray analysis revealed that the thiadiazole and naphthalene rings were non-planar,while the thiadiazole ring and the ester group were essentially planar,and two intermolecular hydrogen bonds C(6) H(6)···O(1) and C(14) H(14)···O(1) were observed.The preliminary biological test showed that the title compound had antifungal and antivirus activities against tobacco mosaic virus.展开更多
The title compound N-cyanosulfoximine derivative containing 1,2,3-thiadiazole(C6H8N4OS2, Mr = 216.28) has been synthesized using 4-(chloromethyl)-5-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole as the starting material, and its structure ...The title compound N-cyanosulfoximine derivative containing 1,2,3-thiadiazole(C6H8N4OS2, Mr = 216.28) has been synthesized using 4-(chloromethyl)-5-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole as the starting material, and its structure was characterized by IR, 1H NMR, HRMS, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of the title compound belongs to orthorhombic, space group Pna21 with a = 14.730(6), b = 5.478(2), c = 22.619(9) ?, Z = 8, V = 1825.0(13) ?3, Dc = 1.574 g/cm3, μ = 0.547 mm-1, F(000) = 896, R = 0.0767 and w R(I > 2σ(I)) = 0.2064. X-ray analysis indicates that in this crystal double enantiomers are found as the basically asymmetrical unit and interactions between S(1)···N(3), S(3)···N(4) and S(3)···N(7) are observed. This kind of interactions extends the molecules into a one-dimensional double chain. The preliminary biological test showed that the title compound had insecticidal activity against Myzus persicae in a certain degree and also presented moderate potential bioactivity against tobacco mosaic virus(TMV).展开更多
The title compound diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl) pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate(C16H21N3O4S, Mr = 351.42) was prepared by the Hantszch reaction with 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-forma...The title compound diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl) pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate(C16H21N3O4S, Mr = 351.42) was prepared by the Hantszch reaction with 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-formaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate in the presence of aluminum chloride in alcohol, and its structure was characterized by IR spectra, 1H-NMR, EA, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of the title compound belongs to monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 11.300(2), b = 12.771(3), c = 12.826(3) ?, β = 96.55(3)o, V = 1839.0(6) ?3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.296 g/cm3, μ(MoKa) = 0.71073 mm-1, F(000) = 744, R = 0.0981 and wR = 0.1994. X-ray diffraction result shows that the torsion angles of N(1)–C(2)– C(3)–C(4) and C(2)–C(3)–C(4)–C(8) are 178.9(3)° and –130.3(3)°, respectively. All rings in the title compound are non-planar. The bioassay results indicate that the title compound has good fungicidal activity, good antivirus activity against tobacco mosaic virus and certain extent of insecticidal activity against Mythimna separata.展开更多
基金a part of the research project of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology,Ural Branch,Russian Academy of Sciences (№122021000092-9)
文摘The present article tests the following general assumption:plant taxa with different specializations towards mycorrhizal interactions should have different root syndromes.Roots of 61 species common in boreal zone were studied:16 species of Poaceae,24 species of Cyperaceae,14 species of Orchidaceae,and 7 species of Iridaceae.Using a fixed material of 5 individuals of each species,the following was determined:number of orders of branching roots;transverse dimensions of root,stele and cortex;number of primary xylem vessels and exodermis layers;length of root hairs;abundance of mycorrhiza.Species of each family had well-defined syndromes.Roots of Orchidaceae and Iridaceae were thick with a large stele and developed exodermis.Orchidaceae had no branching roots and had long root hairs.In Iridaceae,roots were branched,and root hairs were short.Roots of Poaceae and Cyperaceae were thin with a relatively thin stele.Root hairs were short in Poaceae and long in Cyperaceae.Our finding that root syndromes of four families of monocots differed is a new and unexpected discovery.The high specificity of root syndromes in Cyperaceae,Iridaceae,Poaceae,and Orchidaceae indicates that species of these families use different strategies to obtain water and soil nutrients.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and EducationFEUZ-2023-0019。
文摘This paper investigates the spin-up of a mass-accreting star in a close binary system passing through the first stage of mass exchange in the Hertzsprung gap. Inside an accreting star, angular momentum is carried by meridional circulation and shear turbulence. The circulation carries part of the angular momentum of the accreted layers to the accretor's surface. The greater the rate of arrival of angular momentum in the accretor is, the greater this part. It is assumed that this part of the angular momentum can be removed by the disk further from the accretor. If the angular momentum in the matter entering the accretor is more than half the Keplerian value, then the angular momentum obtained by the accretor during mass exchange stage does not depend on the rate of arrival of angular momentum. The accretor may have the characteristics of a Be-star immediately after the end of mass exchange.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51761145024)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2022KWZ-22)+3 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2023-JC-YB-441)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universitiesthe Fundamental Research Funds of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially-Structured Functional Materials and Devices(AFMD-KFJJ-21203)The research was made possible by Russian Science Foundation(Project No.23-42-00116).
文摘The increasing awareness of environmental concerns has prompted a surge in the exploration of leadfree,high-power ceramic capacitors.Ongoing efforts to develop leadfree dielectric ceramics with exceptional energystorage performance(ESP)have predominantly relied on multicomponent composite strategies,often accomplished under ultrahigh electric fields.However,this approach poses challenges in insulation and system downsizing due to the necessary working voltage under such conditions.Despite extensive study,bulk ceramics of(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5))TiO_(3)(BNT),a prominent lead-free dielectric ceramic family,have seldom achieved a recoverable energy-storage(ES)density(Wrec)exceeding 7 J cm^(−3).This study introduces a novel approach to attain ceramic capacitors with high ESP under moderate electric fields by regulating permittivity based on a linear dielectric model,enhancing insulation quality,and engineering domain structures through chemical formula optimization.The incorporation of SrTiO_(3)(ST)into the BNT matrix is revealed to reduce the dielectric constant,while the addition of Bi(Mg_(2/3)Nb_(1/3))O_(3)(BMN)aids in maintaining polarization.Additionally,the study elucidates the methodology to achieve high ESP at moderate electric fields ranging from 300 to 500 kV cm^(−1).In our optimized composition,0.5(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.4)K_(0.1))TiO_(3)–0.5(2/3ST-1/3BMN)(B-0.5SB)ceramics,we achieved a Wrec of 7.19 J cm^(−3) with an efficiency of 93.8%at 460 kV cm^(−1).Impressively,the B-0.5SB ceramics exhibit remarkable thermal stability between 30 and 140℃ under 365 kV cm^(−1),maintaining a Wrec exceeding 5 J cm^(−3).This study not only establishes the B-0.5SB ceramics as promising candidates for ES materials but also demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing ESP by modifying the dielectric constant under specific electric field conditions.Simultaneously,it provides valuable insights for the future design of ceramic capacitors with high ESP under constraints of limited electric field.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Grant No. 2022D01B221)he Xinjiang Tianchi Talent Program (2023)+4 种基金the NSRT operators for their assistance during the observationspartly supported by the OperationMaintenance and Upgrading Fund for Astronomical Telescopes and Facility Instrumentsbudgeted from the Ministry of Finance of China and administrated by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Urumqi Nanshan Astronomy and Deep Space Exploration Observation and Research Station of Xinjiang (Grant No. XJYWZ2303)
文摘There have been several studies on sulfur depletion in dense cores like TMC-1(Taurus Molecular Cloud 1),employing updated reaction networks for sulfur species to explain the missing sulfur in the gas within dense clouds.Most of these studies used a C/O ratio of 0.7 or lower.We present NSRT(NanShan 26m Radio Telescope)observations of TMC-1 alongside results from time-dependent chemical simulations using an updated chemical network.Our findings highlight the impact of the C/O ratio on the gas-phase evolution of C2S and C3S.The simulation results show that the C/O ratio is an important parameter,playing a fundamental role in determining the gas-phase abundances of sulfur species in dense cores.
基金project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials,refs. UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC.S.K.and A.K.were partly supported by FCT (Portugal) through the project "BioPiezo"-PTDC/ CTM-CTM/31679/2017(CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-031679)+3 种基金supported by FCT,through the grant reference SFRH/BPD/117475/2016partly supported by FCT through the project "SelfMED" (POCI-01-0145FEDER-031132)funded by national funds (OE),through FCT-Fundagao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia,I.P., in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5,and 6 of the article 23,of the Decree-Law 57/2016,of August 29,changed by Law 57/2017,of July 19.supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of the Increase Competitiveness Program of NUST 《MISiS》 (No.K2-2019-015)
文摘Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)are promising electric energy harvesting devices as they can produce renewable clean energy using mechanical excitations from the environment.Several designs of triboelectric energy harvesters relying on biocompatible and eco-friendly natural materials have been introduced in recent years.Their ability to provide customizable self-powering for a wide range of applications,including biomedical devices,pressure and chemical sensors,and battery charging appliances,has been demonstrated.This review summarizes major advances already achieved in the field of triboelectric energy harvesting using biocompatible and eco-friendly natural materials.A rigorous,comparative,and critical analysis of preparation and testing methods is also presented.Electric power up to 14 mW was already achieved for the dry leaf/polyvinylidene fluoride-based TENG devices.These findings highlight the potential of eco-friendly self-powering systems and demonstrate the unique properties of the plants to generate electric energy for multiple applications.
文摘The objective of this study was to compare ecophysiological and morphological parameters of a regionally endangered orchid species,Epipactis atrorubens(Hoffm.ex Bernh.)Bess.,growing in two forest communities(on serpentine and granite outcrops)of the Middle Urals,Russia.Biodiversity,dominance,and phytocoenosis studies showed the colonization of a wide range of plant species on both sites.The physicochemical properties of the soil,chemical composition and morphological features of E.atrorubens,growing under technogenic conditions(asbestos deposits),on serpentine outcrops and in the natural environment of the granite massif were studied for the first time.The serpentine substrate differed from the granite one by its greater stoniness,circumneutral pH and lower contents of available nitrogen and phosphorus.Extremely high concentrations of magnesium were found in the serpentine soil,some 79 times higher than in the granite substrate.High concentrations of nickel(94 times),chromium(59 times),cobalt(17 times),and iron(4 times)were found in the serpentine substrate,higher than in the granite substrate.The differences between the sites for available metal contents and for root and shoot metal contents were significantly less.Concentrations of most of the metals in the roots were higher than in the shoots.Despite higher metal concentrations and lower nitrogen and phosphorus levels in serpentine soils,E.atrorubens had a larger population and greater viability compared to those growing on granite.Plants on serpentine outcrops were characterized by the formation of a larger number of fruits,greater root lengths and thicker leaf blades,compared to plants on granites.The well-developed orchid mycorrhizae contributed to the survival of this species under unfavorable serpentine conditions.Hence,serpentine outcrops formed due to the mining of asbestos could be a suitable substrate for the light-demanding E.atrorubens due to its capacity to adapt to dry,rocky,nutrient-depleted soils and limited competition from other plants.
基金Council on grants of the President of the Russian Federation, HШ-2700.2020.3, Zyryanov Grigory V., Российский Фонд Фундаментальных Исследований (РФФИ), Grant # 21-13-00304, Zyryanov Grigory V.
文摘The development of highly facile synthetic procedures for the expedient synthesis of complex natural molecules is always in demand.As this aspect,the Diels-Alder reaction(DAR)has a versatile approach to the synthesis of complex natural compounds and highly regio-/stereoselcetive heterocyclic scaffolds.Additionally,α-pyrone and terpeno-quinone are two versatile key intermediates that are prevalent in various bioactive natural compounds for instance,(±)-crinine,(±)-joubertinamine,(±)-pancratistatin,(−)-cyclozonarone,and 8-ephipuupehedione,etc.Hence,the current review summarizes the Diels-Alder reaction application ofα-pyrone and terpenoquinone to the construc-tive synthesis of various natural products over the past two decades(2001-2021).Equally,it serves as a stencil for the invention and development of new synthetic strategies for high-complex molecular structured natural and heterocy-clic molecules.
基金funding from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Ural Federal University Program of Development within the Priority-2030 Program)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Using a newly developed experimental setup,the features and advantages of an autothermal single-casing atmospheric sub-bituminous coal fluidized bed air-blown gasifier,combining a combustion and gasification section,and mixing the dispersed phase(inert material,char)and heat exchange between them through an annular transfer device,have been revealed.To increase the efficiency of the gasifier,an experimental-computational method was developed find the conditions for optimal operation,combining changing the annular flow's geometry and regulating the primary air for gasification.A simple and reliable multizone thermodynamic calculation model makes it possible to predict the composition of char and syngas in the gasification section with acceptable accuracy.This method confirmed that a two-section fluidized bed gasifier can provide efficient gasification of solid fuels and is suitable for use in small-scale cogeneration plants.Syngas with a heating value of 3.6-4.5 MJ/m^(3)and CGE of 38.2%-42.3%was obtained in the experimental setup without optimizing the primary air flow rate.With optimization,the indicators increased to the heating value of syngas of 5.20-5.34 MJ/m^(3)and CGE of 42.5%-50.0%.With heat regeneration of 0.8,CGE increases to 70%.
基金Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application,Ministry of Agriculture ( MOA ) ( No. MOAPCA200903)National Natural Science Foundation of China ( Nos. 20872071,20911120069 )+5 种基金Key Project of the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation ( 10JCZDJC17500 )The National Key Project for Basic Research ( 2010CB126105 )National Key Technology Research and Development Program ( 2011BAE06B05 )Common Specialized Research Fund of China Agriculture ( nyhyzx3-21,201103016 and 201003029)The Russian Foundation for Basic Research ( Nos RFBR 08-03-00376 a and RFBR /NNSF 08-03-92208 a)the Foundation of Achievements Transformation and Spreading of Tianjin Agricultural Science and Technology ( No. 201002250)
基金Supported by the Russian Science Foundation,No.16-15-00039
文摘AIM To investigate the temporal sequence of pathological changes in the cellular structures of retina and choroidea in the early stages of diabetes in laboratory animals.METHODS Experimental type 1 diabetes was modeled by three intraperitoneal injections of an alloxan solution into 30 male nonlinear rats at 16 wk of age. The 30 th and 60 th days from the final alloxan injection were chosen as the endpoints. Light and electron microscopy and morphometric and immunohistochemical studies were performed on histological slices of eyeballs from experimental animals.RESULTS Diabetic disturbances progressed to 60 d of the experiment. Thus, in the retina, a partial destruction of photoreceptors accompanied by interstitial edema was observed. The morphometric analysis revealed a reduction in the thickness of the retina. A reduction in the number of blood vessels of the choroid with disturbances of the endothelial cells and the vascular walls and a persistent reduction in the number of melanocytes were observed. The number of proliferating Ki-67 positive cells decreased, and the number of macrophages increased with diabetes development.CONCLUSION The starting point in the development of destructive changes involves early reduction in the number of melanocytes of the choroidea and alterations in the retinal pigment epithelium.
基金funded in part by the NNSFC (20872071)the NSF of Tianjin (10JCZDJC17500)+3 种基金the National Key Project for Basic Research(2010CB126105)National Key Technology Research and Development Program (2011BAE06B02 and 2011BAE06B05)the Foundation of Achievements Transformation and Application of Tianjin Agricultural Science and Technology (201002250)Tianjin Key Technology Research and Development Program (11ZCGYNC00100)
文摘The title compound 1,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-pentane-1,5-dione (C22H22N2O4S, Mr=410.49) has been synthesized by the reaction of 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbaldehyde with 4-methoxyacetophenone, and its structure was characterized by IR, 1H NMR, H RMS, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of the title compound belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/c with a=11.159(3), b=9.002(3), c=20.192(6), β=93.393(5)°, Z=4, V=2024.6(10) 3 , Dc=1.347 g/cm3 , μ=0.191 mm-1 , F(000)=864, R=0.0333 and wR (I>2σ (I))=0.0840. In this molecule, the 1,2,3-thiadiazol ring is nearly vertical with both phenyl rings, and intermolecular weak hydrogen bonds of C-H…O and C-H…N types together with π-π stacking interactions and interactions between S(1)…N(2) are observed. The above three kinds of interactions extend the molecules into a two-dimensional layer framework. The preliminary biological test showed that the title compound had fungicidal activity.
基金funded in part by the NNSFC (Nos. 20872071, 20672062 and 20911120069)the NSF of Tianjin (10JCZDJC17500)+3 种基金the National Key Project for Basic Research (2010CB126105)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application, Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) (No. MOAPCA200903)the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant numbers RFBR 08-03-00376a and RFBR/NNSF 08-03-92208a)the Foundation of Achievements Transformation and Spreading of Tianjin Agricultural Science and Technology (No. 201002250)
文摘The title compound N-tert-butyl-N-(4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole)-5-yl-N'-(4-me-thyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole)-5-formyl-N'-3,5-dichloropyrid-2-yl-diacylhydrazines (C18H17Cl2N7O3S2, Mr = 514.41) has been synthesized by the reaction of N-tert-butyl-N'-3,6-dichloropyridine-2-formyl hydrazine with 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbonyl chloride and triethylamine, and its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, HR MS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of the title compound belongs to monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 27.726(8), b = 11.045(3), c = 14.507(4), β = 96.758(4)°, Z = 8, V = 4412(2) 3, Dc = 1.549 g/cm3, μ = 0.521 mm-1, F(000) = 2112, R = 0.0405 and wR = 0.1153. X-ray analysis indicates that all rings are non-planar in this molecule. The bioassay results indicate that both the title compound and the positive control RH-5992 have weak fungicide activities, while the title compound has good insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella L. and no insecticidal activity against Culex pipiens pallens.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20872071 and 20911120069)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (10JCZDJC17500)+2 种基金the National Key Project for Basic Research (2010CB126105)the Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application,Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) (No. MOAPCA200903)the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant numbers RFBR 08-03-00376 a and RFBR/NNSF 08-03-92208 a)
文摘The title compound naphthalen-2-yl-4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxylate (C 14 H 10 N 2 O 2 S,M r=270.31) was synthesized by the reaction of 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbonyl chloride with 2-naphthol,and its structure was characterized by IR,1 H NMR,high-resolution mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The crystal belongs to orthorhombic,space group Pbcn with a=23.475(5),b=9.6640(19),c=10.814(2),β=90.00°,Z=8,V=2453.2(9) 3,M r=270.30,D c=1.464 g/cm 3,μ=0.262 mm-1,F(000)=1120,R=0.0444 and wR=0.1099.X-ray analysis revealed that the thiadiazole and naphthalene rings were non-planar,while the thiadiazole ring and the ester group were essentially planar,and two intermolecular hydrogen bonds C(6) H(6)···O(1) and C(14) H(14)···O(1) were observed.The preliminary biological test showed that the title compound had antifungal and antivirus activities against tobacco mosaic virus.
基金funded in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21372132)Nataliya P.Belskaya thanks Russian State Task of Ministry Education and Science No.4.560.2014K.Kalinina A.Tatiana thanks RFBF№13-03-00137
文摘The title compound N-cyanosulfoximine derivative containing 1,2,3-thiadiazole(C6H8N4OS2, Mr = 216.28) has been synthesized using 4-(chloromethyl)-5-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole as the starting material, and its structure was characterized by IR, 1H NMR, HRMS, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of the title compound belongs to orthorhombic, space group Pna21 with a = 14.730(6), b = 5.478(2), c = 22.619(9) ?, Z = 8, V = 1825.0(13) ?3, Dc = 1.574 g/cm3, μ = 0.547 mm-1, F(000) = 896, R = 0.0767 and w R(I > 2σ(I)) = 0.2064. X-ray analysis indicates that in this crystal double enantiomers are found as the basically asymmetrical unit and interactions between S(1)···N(3), S(3)···N(4) and S(3)···N(7) are observed. This kind of interactions extends the molecules into a one-dimensional double chain. The preliminary biological test showed that the title compound had insecticidal activity against Myzus persicae in a certain degree and also presented moderate potential bioactivity against tobacco mosaic virus(TMV).
基金supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2011BAE06B02)
文摘The title compound diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl) pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate(C16H21N3O4S, Mr = 351.42) was prepared by the Hantszch reaction with 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-formaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate in the presence of aluminum chloride in alcohol, and its structure was characterized by IR spectra, 1H-NMR, EA, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of the title compound belongs to monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 11.300(2), b = 12.771(3), c = 12.826(3) ?, β = 96.55(3)o, V = 1839.0(6) ?3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.296 g/cm3, μ(MoKa) = 0.71073 mm-1, F(000) = 744, R = 0.0981 and wR = 0.1994. X-ray diffraction result shows that the torsion angles of N(1)–C(2)– C(3)–C(4) and C(2)–C(3)–C(4)–C(8) are 178.9(3)° and –130.3(3)°, respectively. All rings in the title compound are non-planar. The bioassay results indicate that the title compound has good fungicidal activity, good antivirus activity against tobacco mosaic virus and certain extent of insecticidal activity against Mythimna separata.
