The first pandemic wave of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)induced a considerable increase in several antivirals and antibiotics in surface water.The common symptoms of COVID-19 are viral and bacterial infections,wh...The first pandemic wave of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)induced a considerable increase in several antivirals and antibiotics in surface water.The common symptoms of COVID-19 are viral and bacterial infections,while comorbidities(e.g.,hypertension and diabetes)and mental shock(e.g.,insomnia and anxiety)are nonnegligible.Nevertheless,little is known about the long-term impacts of comorbidities and mental shock on organic micropollutants(OMPs)in surface waters.Herein,we monitored 114 OMPs in surface water and wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in Wuhan,China,between 2019 and 2021.The pandemic-induced OMP pollution in surface water was confirmed by significant increases in 26 OMP concentrations.Significant increases in four antihypertensives and one diabetic drug suggest that the treatment of comorbidities may induce OMP pollution.Notably,cotinine(a metabolite of nicotine)increased 155 times to 187 ngL1,which might be associated with increased smoking.Additionally,the increases in zolpidem and sulpiride might be the result of worsened insomnia and depression.Hence,it is reasonable to note that mental-health protecting drugs/behavior also contributed to OMP pollution.Among the observed OMPs,telmisartan,lopinavir,and ritonavir were associated with significantly higher ecological risks because of their limited WWTP-removal rate and high ecotoxicity.This study provides new insights into the effects of comorbidities and mental shock on OMPs in surface water during a pandemic and highlights the need to monitor the fate of related pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment and to improve their removal efficiencies in WWTPs。展开更多
Objective Hypertriglyceridemic waist(HW),hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio(HWHtR),and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)have been shown to be indicators of cardiometabolic risk factors.However,it is not clear which indi...Objective Hypertriglyceridemic waist(HW),hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio(HWHtR),and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)have been shown to be indicators of cardiometabolic risk factors.However,it is not clear which indicator is more suitable for children and adolescents.We aimed to investigate the relationship between HW,HWHtR,WHR,and cardiovascular risk factors clustering to determine the best screening tools for cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents.Methods This was a national cross-sectional study.Anthropometric and biochemical variables were assessed in approximately 70,000 participants aged 6–18 years from seven provinces in China.Demographics,physical activity,dietary intake,and family history of chronic diseases were obtained through questionnaires.ANOVA,χ2 and logistic regression analysis was conducted.Results A significant sex difference was observed for HWHtR and WHR,but not for HW phenotype.The risk of cardiometabolic health risk factor clustering with HW phenotype or the HWHtR phenotype was significantly higher than that with the non-HW or non-HWHtR phenotypes among children and adolescents(HW:OR=12.22,95%CI:9.54-15.67;HWHtR:OR=9.70,95%CI:6.93-13.58).Compared with the HW and HWHtR phenotypes,the association between risk of cardiometabolic health risk factors(CHRF)clustering and high WHR was much weaker and not significant(WHR:OR=1.14,95%CI:0.97-1.34).Conclusion Compared with HWHtR and WHR,the HW phenotype is a more convenient indicator with higher applicability to screen children and adolescents for cardiovascular risk factors.展开更多
Background Youth suicide has been a pressing public mental health concern in China,yet there is a lack of gatekeeper intervention programmes developed locally to prevent suicide among Chinese adolescents.Aims The curr...Background Youth suicide has been a pressing public mental health concern in China,yet there is a lack of gatekeeper intervention programmes developed locally to prevent suicide among Chinese adolescents.Aims The current Delphi study was the first step in the systematic development of the Life Gatekeeper programme,the first gatekeeper programme to be developed locally in China that aims to equip teachers and parents with the knowledge,skills and ability to identify and intervene with students at high risk of suicide.Methods The Delphi method was used to elicit a consensus of experts who were invited to evaluate the importance of training content,the feasibility of the training delivery method,the possibility of achieving the training goals and,finally,the appropriateness of the training materials.Two Delphi rounds were conducted among local experts with diversified professional backgrounds in suicide research and practice.Statements were accepted for inclusion in the adjusted training programme if they were endorsed by at least 80%of the panel.Results Consensus was achieved on 201 out of 207 statements for inclusion into the adapted guidelines for the gatekeeper programme,with 151 from the original questionnaire and 50 generated from comments of the panel members.These endorsed statements were synthesised to develop the content of the Life Gatekeeper training programme.Conclusions This Delphi study provided an evidence base for developing the first gatekeeper training programme systematically and locally in China.We hope that the current study can pave the way for more evidence-based suicide prevention programmes in China.Further study is warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Life Gatekeeper training programme.展开更多
This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in China.T...This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in China.This is a state-of-the-art review of published and unpublished information that described and evaluated disciplinary development of global health degree programs worldwide,written in English,and published or shared between 1990 and 2020.Data were derived from official websites of leading global health institutions,like“Google Scholar”,“PubMed”,and unpublished information such as presentation files and unpublished manuscripts collected from knowledgeable leaders in the field.We retrieved and reviewed a total of 35 articles and a large amount of unpublished information or sources on the internet.Global Health emerged as a new discipline around the end of the last millennium and proliferated in the last two decades in developed nations,especially the United States and the United Kingdom.The development of China’s GHE programs was built on China’s increasing engagement in global health affairs and research.In 2012,Wuhan University established the first official global health department in China.Several universities such as Peking University and Duke Kunshan University subsequently set up departments or programs to offer undergraduate and postgraduate majors and degrees.The first school-level global health unit was established in Shanghai in 2019.The Consortium of Chinese Universities for Global Health(CCUGH)grew from 10 founding members in 2013 to 25 in 2020.Major desirable attributes“unique”to students majoring in global health include global-mindedness,health interests,compassion,intercultural sensitivity,and adventurous spirit.Graduates from GHE programs have a diverse set of career choices spanning research,government,not-for-profit,and private sector occupations.We identified a number of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats to the future development of GHE in China.To ensure sustainable future growth,we advocate addressing the following key aspects:(1)clearer disciplinary distinctions;(2)multidisciplinary collaborations;(3)public-sector investments;and(4)non-public sectors participation.Amidst China’s increasing engagement in health affairs globally and the proliferation of GHE programs in developed nations,China has experienced fast growth in GHE degree programs since 2012 while a number of challenges remain for its future development.展开更多
By reflecting on the dualities al in Western human rights concepts,the right to health presents rich normative connotations in our country,and plays an important role in promoting,compelling and guiding individuals,go...By reflecting on the dualities al in Western human rights concepts,the right to health presents rich normative connotations in our country,and plays an important role in promoting,compelling and guiding individuals,governments and other participants.The expansion of the human rights movement and the advancement of medical technology since the end of World War II are the underlying reasons why the right to health has flourished in the field of international human rights law.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,China has gradually formed a relatively complete system of health laws and regulations in its Constitution.Faced with the challenges of COVID-19 prevention and control,China has clarified the value superiority of the right to health in the constitutional norms.At the same time,the concept,value and principles of the right to health are having an increasingly prominent influence on the system of civil law,criminal law,patent law and other departmental laws and regulations.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents a novel data-driven trajectory planning and control scheme for the unmanned ground vehicles(UGVs).A recent work[1]has demonstrated the effectiveness of approximating the optimal state ...Dear Editor,This letter presents a novel data-driven trajectory planning and control scheme for the unmanned ground vehicles(UGVs).A recent work[1]has demonstrated the effectiveness of approximating the optimal state feedback for a nonlinear unmanned system via deep neural network(DNN).展开更多
Background:Previous studies have reported associations of specific maternal and paternal lifestyle factors with offspring’s cognitive development during early childhood.This study aimed to investigate the prospective...Background:Previous studies have reported associations of specific maternal and paternal lifestyle factors with offspring’s cognitive development during early childhood.This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations between overall parental lifestyle and offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and young adulthood in China.Methods:We included 2531 adolescents aged 10-15 years at baseline in 2010 from the China Family Panel Studies.A healthy parental lifestyle score(ranged 0-5)was constructed based on the following five modifiable lifestyle factors:Smoking,drinking,exercise,sleep,and diet.Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the association between baseline parental healthy lifestyle scores and offspring’s fluid and crystallized intelligence in subsequent years(2012,2014,2016,and 2018).Results:Offspring in the top tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores performed better in overall fluid intelligence(multivariable-adjusted β=0.53,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.29-0.77)and overall crystallized intelligence(multivariable-adjusted β=0.35,95%CI:0.16-0.54)than those in the bottom tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores.The results were similar after further adjustment for the offspring’s healthy lifestyle scores and persisted across the subgroups of parental socioeconomic status.Additionally,maternal and paternal healthy lifestyle scores were independently associated with better offspring’s cognitive performance,with significant contribution observed for paternal never-smoking,weekly exercise,and diversified diet.When both parents and offspring adhered to a healthier lifestyle,we observed the highest level of the offspring’s overall crystallized intelligence.Conclusions:Our study indicates that parental adherence to a healthier lifestyle is associated with significantly better offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and early adulthood,regardless of socioeconomic status.These findings highlight the potential cognitive benefits of promoting healthy lifestyles among parents of adolescents.展开更多
China’s“three-child policy”,implemented in response to population aging,has made the protection of maternal and infant health an urgent priority.In this environmental and medical big-data era,the Zhejiang Environme...China’s“three-child policy”,implemented in response to population aging,has made the protection of maternal and infant health an urgent priority.In this environmental and medical big-data era,the Zhejiang Environmental and Birth Health Research Alliance(ZEBRA)maternity cohort was established with the aim of identifying risk factors for perinatal morbidity and mortality from the perspectives of both observational epidemiology and experimental etiology.Compared with conventional birth cohorts,the inclusion of a maternity cohort allows greater scope for research and places an emphasis on maternal health.In particular,it allows us to focus on pregnant women with a history of pregnancy-related illnesses and those planning to have a second or third child.There are currently many pressing issues in perinatal health,including the risk associations between exogenous together with endogenous factors and the occurrence of perinatal abnormalities,pregnancy complications,and adverse pregnancy outcomes.It is crucial to explore the interaction between environmental exposures and genetic factors affecting perinatal health if we are to improve it.It is also worthwhile to assess the feasibility of the early stage prediction of major perinatal abnormalities.We hope to study this in the ZEBRA cohort and also seek nationwide and international collaborations to establish a multicenter cohort consortium,with the ultimate goal of contributing epidemiological evidence to literature and providing evidence-based insights for global maternal and child healthcare.展开更多
Introduction Nitrous oxide(N2O/laughing gas)has been used in medical practice as an inhalational anaesthetic and analgesic for more than 150 years.1 In the past decades,N2O exhibited increasing popularity among recrea...Introduction Nitrous oxide(N2O/laughing gas)has been used in medical practice as an inhalational anaesthetic and analgesic for more than 150 years.1 In the past decades,N2O exhibited increasing popularity among recreational drug users for its euphoric effects,potentially through its interaction with the endogenous opioid system.2 Recreational use of N2O emerged as the seventh most used drug globally in the past decade.3 The use of N2O can cause myelopathy,myocardial injury,anaemia,severe mood disorders,sensory and motor neuropathy,and psychotic symptoms.45 Prolonged N2O intake results in vitamin B12 deficiency and inhibits methionine synthetase,folate and DNA production,leading to plasma homocysteine(HCY)level elevation and bone marrow haematopoietic dysfunction.6 This study aimed to investigate the neurological symptoms of nitrous oxide use and then explore the relapse trajectory and risk factors for relapse.展开更多
Background Although birth defects are of great concern globally,the latest national prevalence has not yet been quantified in China.We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the perinatal prevalen...Background Although birth defects are of great concern globally,the latest national prevalence has not yet been quantified in China.We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the perinatal prevalence of birth defects in the Mainland of China between 2000 and 2021.Methods We performed a systematic literature search of six databases for relevant articles published between January 1,2000,and March 1,2023.We included published studies that reported data on the perinatal prevalence of birth defects in the Mainland of China.The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled prevalence and its 95%confidence interval(CI).We also conducted subgroup analyses and univariable meta-regressions to explore differences in prevalence by time period,geographic region,and other characteristics.Results We included 254 studies reporting the perinatal prevalence of birth defects and 86 studies reporting only the prevalence of specific types of birth defects.Based on 254 studies covering 74,307,037 perinatal births and 985,115 cases with birth defects,the pooled perinatal prevalence of birth defects was 122.54(95%CI 116.20–128.89)per 10,000 perinatal births in the Mainland of China during 2000–2021.Overall,the perinatal prevalence of birth defects increased from 95.60(86.51–104.69)per 10,000 in 2000–2004 to 208.94(175.67–242.22)per 10,000 in 2020–2021.There were also significant disparities among different geographical regions.Congenital heart defects(33.35 per 10,000),clefts of the lip and/or palate(13.52 per 10,000),polydactyly(12.82 per 10,000),neural tube defects(12.82 per 10,000),and inborn errors of metabolism(11.41 per 10,000)were the five most common types of birth defects.The perinatal prevalence among males was significantly higher than that among females(β=2.44×10^(−3),P=0.003);a higher perinatal prevalence of birth defects was observed among perinatal births whose mothers were≥35 years(β=4.34×10^(−3),P<0.001).Conclusion Comprehensive and sustained efforts are needed to strengthen surveillance and detection of birth defects,improve prenatal and postnatal healthcare,and promote rehabilitation,especially in underdeveloped areas.展开更多
Extreme precipitation is exacerbating the burden of infectious diarrhea in the context of climate change,it is necessary to identify the critical and easy-to-intervene intermediate factors for public health strategies...Extreme precipitation is exacerbating the burden of infectious diarrhea in the context of climate change,it is necessary to identify the critical and easy-to-intervene intermediate factors for public health strategies.Water quality may be the most important mediator,while relevant empirical evidence is limited.This study aimed to examine the role of water quality in the process of infectious diarrhea caused by extreme precipitation.Weekly infectious diarrhea cases,meteorological factors and water quality data in Yangtze River Basin in China between October 29,2007 to February 19,2017 were obtained.Two-stage statistical models were used to estimate city-specific extreme precipitation,water quality and infectious diarrhea relationships that were pooled to derive regional estimates.A causal mediation analysis was used to assess the mediation effect of water quality.In Yangtze River Basin,extreme precipitation events had a significant impact on infectious diarrhea(Incidence Rate Ratios[IRR]:1.027,95%Confidence Interval[CI]:1.013~1.041).After extreme precipitation events,the dissolved oxygen(DO)in surface water decreased(-0.123 mg/L,95%CI:-0.159 mg/L~-0.086 mg/L),while the un-ionized ammonia(NH(3)-N)increased(0.004 mg/L,95%CI:0.001 mg/L~0.006 mg/L).The combined overall effect of DO and NH(3)-N on infectious diarrhea showed that both low and high concentrations were associated with an increased risk of infectious diarrhea.The causal mediation analysis showed that the mediation proportion of the two water quality indexes(DO and NH(3)-N)is 70.54%(P<0.001).To reduce the health effects of extreme precipitation,in contrast to current population-oriented health strategies,those that take into account more direct and easy-to-intervene water quality indicators should be encouraged by future policies.展开更多
We aimed to report real-world longitudinal ambient air pollutants levels compared to WHO Air Quality Guidelines(AQG)and analyze multiple air pollutants’joint effect on longevity,and the modification and confounding f...We aimed to report real-world longitudinal ambient air pollutants levels compared to WHO Air Quality Guidelines(AQG)and analyze multiple air pollutants’joint effect on longevity,and the modification and confounding from the climate and urbanization with a focus on the oldest-old.This study included 13,207 old participants with 73.3%aged 80 and beyond,followed up from 2008 to 2018 in 23 Chinese provinces.We used the Cox-proportional hazards model and quantile-based g-computation model to measure separate and joint effects of the multiple pollutants.We adjusted for climate and area economic factors based on a directed acyclic graph.In 2018,no participants met the WHO AQG for PM_(2.5) and O_(3),and about one-third met the AQG for NO_(2).The hazard ratio(HR)for mortality was 1.07(95%confidence interval-CI:1.05,1.09)per decile increase in all three pollutants,with PM_(2.5) being the dominant contributor according to the quantile-based g-computation model.In the three-pollutant model,the HRs(95%CI)for PM_(2.5) and NO_(2) were 1.27(1.25,1.3)and 1.08(1.05,1.12)per 10μg/m3 increase,respectively.The oldest-old experienced a much lower mortality risk from air pollution compared to the young-old.The mortality risk of PM_(2.5) was higher in areas with higher annual average temperatures.The adjustment of road density considerably intensified the association between NO_(2) and mortality.The ambient PM_(2.5) and O_(3) levels in China exceeded the WHO AQG target substantially.Multiple pollutants coexposure,confounding,and modification of the district economic and climate factors should not be ignored in the association between air pollution and mortality.展开更多
High temperature and high humidity pose notable threats to the health and survival of humans,and the impact of compound extreme events involving multiple meteorological elements is usually greater than the sum of the ...High temperature and high humidity pose notable threats to the health and survival of humans,and the impact of compound extreme events involving multiple meteorological elements is usually greater than the sum of the impacts of individual extreme events.However,there is limited research on the compound extreme meteorological events,defined based on the extreme of health risks rather than just the extreme of meteoro-logical elements,necessitating further investigation into their characteristics and underlying driving factors.Using daily records of emergency ambulance dispatches from selected Chinese cities,together with daily average temperature and relative humidity data,this study identified and quantified warm-wet compound extreme events with high health risks(HRWWs)that occurred in southern China during 1979-2022.Results revealed that HRWWs were most prevalent in the coastal region of southern China.The annual frequency of HRWWs across China underwent a marked shift in 2014,with the rapid increase in recent years primarily contributed by the increase in summer HRWWs and advance and extension of the period of occurrence of HRWWs in summer.Further analysis indicated that the changes in HRWWs in southern China during summer were primarily regulated by the EIl Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)of the preceding winter and the springtime Indian Ocean basin-wide(IOBW)mode.El Nino and Indian Ocean warming force a reverse Walker circulation in the tropical Indian Ocean-western Pacific,strengthening the Philippine anticyclone(PAC)in summer.This weakens convection in the northwestern Pacific and enables the western Pacific subtropical high to extend westward over coastal areas of southern China.The resulting abnormal atmospheric circulation causes prevailing subsidence over southern China,which is unfavorable for precipitation but conducive to maintaining high surface temperatures.Despite reduced precipitation,water vapor flux is increased owing to strengthened southwesterlies associated with the PAC that enhance regional humidity.Consequently,as temperature and humidity levels rise,HRWWs occur more frequently in southern China,as evidenced since 2014.Further analysis suggested that the contribution of intensification of IOBW warming to the sudden increase in HRWW occurrence over the past decade has been greater than that of ENSO.展开更多
Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)has exerted a profound adverse impact on human health.Studies have demonstrated that aerosol transmission is one of the major transmission routes of severe acute respiratory syndrome...Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)has exerted a profound adverse impact on human health.Studies have demonstrated that aerosol transmission is one of the major transmission routes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Pathogenic microorganisms such as SARS-CoV-2 can survive in the air and cause widespread infection among people.Early monitoring of pathogenic microorganism transmission in the atmosphere and accurate epidemic prediction are the frontier guarantee for preventing large-scale epidemic outbreaks.Monitoring of pathogenic microorganisms in the air,especially in densely populated areas,may raise the possibility to detect viruses before people are widely infected and contain the epidemic at an earlier stage.The multi-scale coupled accurate epidemic prediction system can provide support for governments to analyze the epidemic situation,allocate health resources,and formulate epidemic response policies.This review first elaborates on the effects of the atmospheric environment on pathogenic microorganism transmission,which lays a theoretical foundation for the monitoring and prediction of epidemic development.Secondly,the monitoring technique development and the necessity of monitoring pathogenic microorganisms in the atmosphere are summarized and emphasized.Subsequently,this review introduces the major epidemic prediction methods and highlights the significance to realize a multi-scale coupled epidemic prediction system by strengthening the multidisciplinary cooperation of epidemiology,atmospheric sciences,environmental sciences,sociology,demography,etc.By summarizing the achievements and challenges in monitoring and prediction of pathogenic microorganism transmission in the atmosphere,this review proposes suggestions for epidemic response,namely,the establishment of an integrated monitoring and prediction platform for pathogenic microorganism transmission in the atmosphere.展开更多
China is now confronting the intertwined challenges of air pollution and climate change.Given the high synergies between air pollution abatement and climate change mitigation,the Chinese government is actively promoti...China is now confronting the intertwined challenges of air pollution and climate change.Given the high synergies between air pollution abatement and climate change mitigation,the Chinese government is actively promoting synergetic control of these two issues.The Synergetic Roadmap project was launched in 2021 to track and analyze the progress of synergetic control in China by developing and monitoring key indicators.The Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report is the first annual update,featuring 20 indicators across five aspects:synergetic governance system and practices,progress in structural transition,air pollution and associated weather-climate interactions,sources,sinks,and mitigation pathway of atmospheric composition,and health impacts and benefits of coordinated control.Compared to the comprehensive review presented in the 2021 report,the Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report places particular emphasis on progress in 2021 with highlights on actions in key sectors and the relevant milestones.These milestones include the proportion of non-fossil power generation capacity surpassing coal-fired capacity for the first time,a decline in the production of crude steel and cement after years of growth,and the surging penetration of electric vehicles.Additionally,in 2022,China issued the first national policy that synergizes abatements of pollution and carbon emissions,marking a new era for China's pollution-carbon co-control.These changes highlight China's efforts to reshape its energy,economic,and transportation structures to meet the demand for synergetic control and sustainable development.Consequently,the country has witnessed a slowdown in carbon emission growth,improved air quality,and increased health benefits in recent years.展开更多
Background Culex pipiens pallens and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus are the dominant species of Culex mosquitoes in China and important disease vectors.Long-term use of insecticides can cause mutations in the voltage-...Background Culex pipiens pallens and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus are the dominant species of Culex mosquitoes in China and important disease vectors.Long-term use of insecticides can cause mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel(vgsc)gene of mosquitoes,but little is known about the current status and evolutionary origins of vgsc gene in different geographic populations.Therefore,this study aimed to determine the current status of vgsc genes in Cx.p.pallens and Cx.p.quinquefasciatus in China and to investigate the evolutionary inheritance of neighboring downstream introns of the vgsc gene to determine the impact of insecticides on long-term evolution.Methods Sampling was conducted from July to September 2021 in representative habitats of 22 provincial-level administrative divisions in China.Genomic DNA was extracted from 1308 mosquitoes,the IIS6 fragment of the vgsc gene on the nerve cell membrane was amplified using polymerase chain reaction,and the sequence was used to evaluate allele frequency and knockdown resistance(kdr)frequency.MEGA 11 was used to construct neighborjoining(NJ)tree.PopART was used to build a TCS network.Results There were 6 alleles and 6 genotypes at the L1014 locus,which included the wild-type alleles TTA/L and CTA/L and the mutant alleles TTT/F,TTC/F,TCT/S and TCA/S.The geographic populations with a kdr frequency less than 20.00%were mainly concentrated in the regions north of 38°N,and the geographic populations with a kdr frequency greater than 80.00%were concentrated in the regions south of 30°N.kdr frequency increased with decreasing latitude.And within the same latitude,the frequency of kdr in large cities is relatively high.Mutations were correlated with the number of introns.The mutant allele TCA/S has only one intron,the mutant allele TTT/F has three introns,and the wild-type allele TTA/L has 17 introns.Conclusions Cx.p.pallens and Cx.p.quinquefasciatus have developed resistance to insecticides in most regions of China.The neighboring downstream introns of the vgsc gene gradually decreased to one intron with the mutation of the vgsc gene.Mutations may originate from multiple mutation events rather than from a single origin,and populations lacking mutations may be genetically isolated.展开更多
Environmental health research aims to identify environmental conditions suitable for the healthy living and reproduction of human beings.Through the interdisciplinary research bridging environmental sciences and healt...Environmental health research aims to identify environmental conditions suitable for the healthy living and reproduction of human beings.Through the interdisciplinary research bridging environmental sciences and health/medical sciences,the impacts of physical,chemical,and biological environmental factors on human health are investigated.This includes identifying environmental factors detrimental to human health,evaluating human exposure characteristics to environmental factors,clarifying causal relationships between environmental exposure and health effects,analyzing the underlying biochemical mechanisms,linking environmental factors to the onset and progression of diseases,establishing exposure-response relationships,and determining effect thresholds.Ultimately,the results of environmental health research can serve as a scientific basis for formulating environmental management strategies and guiding prevention and intervention measures at both the public and individual levels.This paper summarizes the recent advances and future perspectives of environmental health research in China,as reported by a group of Chinese scientists who recently attended a workshop in Hainan,China.While it is not intended to provide a comprehensive review of this expansive field,it offers a glimpse into the significant progress made in understanding the health impacts of environmental factors over the past decade.Looking ahead,it is imperative not only to sustain efforts in studying the health effects of traditional environmental pollution,but also to prioritize research on the health impacts of emerging pollutants and climate change.展开更多
Introduction:In late 2022,a rapid transmission of Omicron variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)occurred throughout China.The purpose of this study was to provide the latest data and e...Introduction:In late 2022,a rapid transmission of Omicron variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)occurred throughout China.The purpose of this study was to provide the latest data and evaluate trends of SARS-CoV-2 infection in rural China among the community population.Methods:Data on SARS-CoV-2 infection among approximately 90,000 participants in rural China were collected by the National Sentinel Community-Based Surveillance(NSCS)system.Participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection(defined as positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid or antigen)twice weekly from December 16,2022 to January 12,2023.The daily average of newly positive rate and its estimated daily percentage change were calculated to describe the national and regional trends of SARS-CoV-2 infection in rural China.Results:In rural China,the daily average new positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection peaked at 4.79%between December 20–22,2022 and then decreased to 0.57%between January 10–12,2023,with an average decrease of 29.95%per round.The peak of new SARS-CoV-2 infection was slightly earlier and lower in North China(5.28%between December 20–22,2022)than in South China(5.63%between December 23–26,2022),and then converged from December 30,2022 to January 2,2023.The peak of 6.09%occurred between December 20–22,2022 in eastern China,while the peak of 5.99%occurred later,between December 27–29,2022,in central China.Conclusions:Overall,the epidemic wave in rural China peaked between December 20–22,2022,and passed quickly following the optimization of prevention and control measures.Currently,SARSCoV-2 infection in community populations in rural China is sporadic.展开更多
Introduction:On December 7,2022,China implemented the“Ten New Measures”to optimize its prevention and control measures for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).To provide the latest data after the optimization,we eval...Introduction:On December 7,2022,China implemented the“Ten New Measures”to optimize its prevention and control measures for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).To provide the latest data after the optimization,we evaluated trends of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection among the community population in China.Methods:We utilized data from the National Sentinel Community-Based Surveillance(NSCS)system in China to assess trends of SARS-CoV-2 infection.NSCS is a national community-based surveillance cohort with 0.42 million participants from all 31 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(XPCC).Participants were tested for infection twice a week(a total of eight rounds)from December 16,2022 to January 12,2023.SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid or antigen.We calculated the daily average of newly positive rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Results:In this national cohort,the daily average newly positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased from 4.13% in Round 1(December 16-19,2022)to 0.69% in Round 8(January 10-12,2023).The epidemic peak occurred in Round 2(December 20-22,2022).Similar trends were observed in urban areas(decreasing from 4.65% to 0.73%),rural areas(decreasing from 2.83% to 0.57%),the eastern region(decreasing from 4.18% to 0.67%),the central region(decreasing from 5.43% to 0.61%),and the western region(decreasing from 3.01%to 0.77%).Conclusions:NSCS data showed that the peak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in China had passed.SARSCoV-2 infection in community populations in China is currently at a low epidemic level.展开更多
Objective The study aimed to analyze the applicability of the World Health Organization’s exclusionary guidelines for Urinary creatinine(Ucr)in the general Chinese population,and to identify Ucr related factors.Metho...Objective The study aimed to analyze the applicability of the World Health Organization’s exclusionary guidelines for Urinary creatinine(Ucr)in the general Chinese population,and to identify Ucr related factors.Methods We conduct a cross-sectional study using baseline data from 21,167 participants in the China National Human Biomonitoring Program.Mixed linear models and restricted cubic splines(RCS)were used to analyze the associations between explanatory variables and Ucr concentration.Results The geometric mean and median concentrations of Ucr in the general Chinese population were 0.90 g/L and 1.01 g/L,respectively.And 9.36%samples were outside 0.3-3.0 g/L,including 7.83%below the lower limit and 1.53%above the upper limit.Middle age,male,obesity,smoking,higher frequency of red meat consumption and chronic kidney disease were associated significantly with higher concentrations of Ucr.Results of the RCS showed Ucr was positively and linearly associated with body mass index,inversely and linearly associated with systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,triglycerides level,and glomerular filtration rate,and were non-linearly associated with triiodothyronine.Conclusion The age-and gender-specific cut-off values of Ucr that determine the validity of urine samples in the general Chinese population were recommended.To avoid introducing bias into epidemiologic associations,the potential predictors of Ucr observed in the current study should be considered when using Ucr to adjust for variations in urine dilution.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52221004,52091542,and 51820105011)the Scientific Research Project of China Three Gorges Corporation(201903139)the Research Fund of Vanke School of Public Health(2021JC009),Tsinghua University.
文摘The first pandemic wave of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)induced a considerable increase in several antivirals and antibiotics in surface water.The common symptoms of COVID-19 are viral and bacterial infections,while comorbidities(e.g.,hypertension and diabetes)and mental shock(e.g.,insomnia and anxiety)are nonnegligible.Nevertheless,little is known about the long-term impacts of comorbidities and mental shock on organic micropollutants(OMPs)in surface waters.Herein,we monitored 114 OMPs in surface water and wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in Wuhan,China,between 2019 and 2021.The pandemic-induced OMP pollution in surface water was confirmed by significant increases in 26 OMP concentrations.Significant increases in four antihypertensives and one diabetic drug suggest that the treatment of comorbidities may induce OMP pollution.Notably,cotinine(a metabolite of nicotine)increased 155 times to 187 ngL1,which might be associated with increased smoking.Additionally,the increases in zolpidem and sulpiride might be the result of worsened insomnia and depression.Hence,it is reasonable to note that mental-health protecting drugs/behavior also contributed to OMP pollution.Among the observed OMPs,telmisartan,lopinavir,and ritonavir were associated with significantly higher ecological risks because of their limited WWTP-removal rate and high ecotoxicity.This study provides new insights into the effects of comorbidities and mental shock on OMPs in surface water during a pandemic and highlights the need to monitor the fate of related pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment and to improve their removal efficiencies in WWTPs。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[no.81903336,Yi-de Yang]the Health Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission[no.202112031516,Yi-de Yang]+3 种基金Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department[no.22B0038,Yi-de Yang]the Research Team for Reproduction Health and Translational Medicine of Hunan Normal University[2023JC101]Key Project of Developmental Biology and Breeding from Hunan Province[no.2022XKQ0205]Open Project for Postgraduates of Hunan Normal University[no.KF2022019,Tianli Xiao].
文摘Objective Hypertriglyceridemic waist(HW),hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio(HWHtR),and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)have been shown to be indicators of cardiometabolic risk factors.However,it is not clear which indicator is more suitable for children and adolescents.We aimed to investigate the relationship between HW,HWHtR,WHR,and cardiovascular risk factors clustering to determine the best screening tools for cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents.Methods This was a national cross-sectional study.Anthropometric and biochemical variables were assessed in approximately 70,000 participants aged 6–18 years from seven provinces in China.Demographics,physical activity,dietary intake,and family history of chronic diseases were obtained through questionnaires.ANOVA,χ2 and logistic regression analysis was conducted.Results A significant sex difference was observed for HWHtR and WHR,but not for HW phenotype.The risk of cardiometabolic health risk factor clustering with HW phenotype or the HWHtR phenotype was significantly higher than that with the non-HW or non-HWHtR phenotypes among children and adolescents(HW:OR=12.22,95%CI:9.54-15.67;HWHtR:OR=9.70,95%CI:6.93-13.58).Compared with the HW and HWHtR phenotypes,the association between risk of cardiometabolic health risk factors(CHRF)clustering and high WHR was much weaker and not significant(WHR:OR=1.14,95%CI:0.97-1.34).Conclusion Compared with HWHtR and WHR,the HW phenotype is a more convenient indicator with higher applicability to screen children and adolescents for cardiovascular risk factors.
基金funding from Research Fund of VankeSchool of Public Health(100009001)funding from Shuimu Tsinghua Scholarfunding from Beijing High Level Public HealthTechnical Specialist Development Fund(Discipline backbone-02-07).
文摘Background Youth suicide has been a pressing public mental health concern in China,yet there is a lack of gatekeeper intervention programmes developed locally to prevent suicide among Chinese adolescents.Aims The current Delphi study was the first step in the systematic development of the Life Gatekeeper programme,the first gatekeeper programme to be developed locally in China that aims to equip teachers and parents with the knowledge,skills and ability to identify and intervene with students at high risk of suicide.Methods The Delphi method was used to elicit a consensus of experts who were invited to evaluate the importance of training content,the feasibility of the training delivery method,the possibility of achieving the training goals and,finally,the appropriateness of the training materials.Two Delphi rounds were conducted among local experts with diversified professional backgrounds in suicide research and practice.Statements were accepted for inclusion in the adjusted training programme if they were endorsed by at least 80%of the panel.Results Consensus was achieved on 201 out of 207 statements for inclusion into the adapted guidelines for the gatekeeper programme,with 151 from the original questionnaire and 50 generated from comments of the panel members.These endorsed statements were synthesised to develop the content of the Life Gatekeeper training programme.Conclusions This Delphi study provided an evidence base for developing the first gatekeeper training programme systematically and locally in China.We hope that the current study can pave the way for more evidence-based suicide prevention programmes in China.Further study is warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Life Gatekeeper training programme.
基金partially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.NSFC 71774075).
文摘This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in China.This is a state-of-the-art review of published and unpublished information that described and evaluated disciplinary development of global health degree programs worldwide,written in English,and published or shared between 1990 and 2020.Data were derived from official websites of leading global health institutions,like“Google Scholar”,“PubMed”,and unpublished information such as presentation files and unpublished manuscripts collected from knowledgeable leaders in the field.We retrieved and reviewed a total of 35 articles and a large amount of unpublished information or sources on the internet.Global Health emerged as a new discipline around the end of the last millennium and proliferated in the last two decades in developed nations,especially the United States and the United Kingdom.The development of China’s GHE programs was built on China’s increasing engagement in global health affairs and research.In 2012,Wuhan University established the first official global health department in China.Several universities such as Peking University and Duke Kunshan University subsequently set up departments or programs to offer undergraduate and postgraduate majors and degrees.The first school-level global health unit was established in Shanghai in 2019.The Consortium of Chinese Universities for Global Health(CCUGH)grew from 10 founding members in 2013 to 25 in 2020.Major desirable attributes“unique”to students majoring in global health include global-mindedness,health interests,compassion,intercultural sensitivity,and adventurous spirit.Graduates from GHE programs have a diverse set of career choices spanning research,government,not-for-profit,and private sector occupations.We identified a number of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats to the future development of GHE in China.To ensure sustainable future growth,we advocate addressing the following key aspects:(1)clearer disciplinary distinctions;(2)multidisciplinary collaborations;(3)public-sector investments;and(4)non-public sectors participation.Amidst China’s increasing engagement in health affairs globally and the proliferation of GHE programs in developed nations,China has experienced fast growth in GHE degree programs since 2012 while a number of challenges remain for its future development.
文摘By reflecting on the dualities al in Western human rights concepts,the right to health presents rich normative connotations in our country,and plays an important role in promoting,compelling and guiding individuals,governments and other participants.The expansion of the human rights movement and the advancement of medical technology since the end of World War II are the underlying reasons why the right to health has flourished in the field of international human rights law.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,China has gradually formed a relatively complete system of health laws and regulations in its Constitution.Faced with the challenges of COVID-19 prevention and control,China has clarified the value superiority of the right to health in the constitutional norms.At the same time,the concept,value and principles of the right to health are having an increasingly prominent influence on the system of civil law,criminal law,patent law and other departmental laws and regulations.
文摘Dear Editor,This letter presents a novel data-driven trajectory planning and control scheme for the unmanned ground vehicles(UGVs).A recent work[1]has demonstrated the effectiveness of approximating the optimal state feedback for a nonlinear unmanned system via deep neural network(DNN).
基金supported by grants from the Zhejiang University Education Foundation Global Partnership Fund(to CZY)the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province(No.2020E10004).
文摘Background:Previous studies have reported associations of specific maternal and paternal lifestyle factors with offspring’s cognitive development during early childhood.This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations between overall parental lifestyle and offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and young adulthood in China.Methods:We included 2531 adolescents aged 10-15 years at baseline in 2010 from the China Family Panel Studies.A healthy parental lifestyle score(ranged 0-5)was constructed based on the following five modifiable lifestyle factors:Smoking,drinking,exercise,sleep,and diet.Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the association between baseline parental healthy lifestyle scores and offspring’s fluid and crystallized intelligence in subsequent years(2012,2014,2016,and 2018).Results:Offspring in the top tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores performed better in overall fluid intelligence(multivariable-adjusted β=0.53,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.29-0.77)and overall crystallized intelligence(multivariable-adjusted β=0.35,95%CI:0.16-0.54)than those in the bottom tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores.The results were similar after further adjustment for the offspring’s healthy lifestyle scores and persisted across the subgroups of parental socioeconomic status.Additionally,maternal and paternal healthy lifestyle scores were independently associated with better offspring’s cognitive performance,with significant contribution observed for paternal never-smoking,weekly exercise,and diversified diet.When both parents and offspring adhered to a healthier lifestyle,we observed the highest level of the offspring’s overall crystallized intelligence.Conclusions:Our study indicates that parental adherence to a healthier lifestyle is associated with significantly better offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and early adulthood,regardless of socioeconomic status.These findings highlight the potential cognitive benefits of promoting healthy lifestyles among parents of adolescents.
基金funding from various sources,including the Zhejiang Province Health Innovative Talent Project(A0466)the International Cooperation Seed Program of Women’s Hospital,Zhejiang University(GH2022B008-01 and GH2024005)+3 种基金the Australian Research Council(DP210102076)the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(APP2000581)the UK Research and Innovation(UKRI)Centre for Application of Artificial Intelligence to the Study of Environmental Risks(AI4ER,EP/S022961/1)the Start-up Grant from Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,National University of Singapore(NUHSRO/2024/045/Startup/06),and the US-China Fulbright Program.
文摘China’s“three-child policy”,implemented in response to population aging,has made the protection of maternal and infant health an urgent priority.In this environmental and medical big-data era,the Zhejiang Environmental and Birth Health Research Alliance(ZEBRA)maternity cohort was established with the aim of identifying risk factors for perinatal morbidity and mortality from the perspectives of both observational epidemiology and experimental etiology.Compared with conventional birth cohorts,the inclusion of a maternity cohort allows greater scope for research and places an emphasis on maternal health.In particular,it allows us to focus on pregnant women with a history of pregnancy-related illnesses and those planning to have a second or third child.There are currently many pressing issues in perinatal health,including the risk associations between exogenous together with endogenous factors and the occurrence of perinatal abnormalities,pregnancy complications,and adverse pregnancy outcomes.It is crucial to explore the interaction between environmental exposures and genetic factors affecting perinatal health if we are to improve it.It is also worthwhile to assess the feasibility of the early stage prediction of major perinatal abnormalities.We hope to study this in the ZEBRA cohort and also seek nationwide and international collaborations to establish a multicenter cohort consortium,with the ultimate goal of contributing epidemiological evidence to literature and providing evidence-based insights for global maternal and child healthcare.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China grant(32241015,81822017)the Lingang Laboratory(LG-QS-202203-10)+1 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support(20181715)the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health(2022JC016).
文摘Introduction Nitrous oxide(N2O/laughing gas)has been used in medical practice as an inhalational anaesthetic and analgesic for more than 150 years.1 In the past decades,N2O exhibited increasing popularity among recreational drug users for its euphoric effects,potentially through its interaction with the endogenous opioid system.2 Recreational use of N2O emerged as the seventh most used drug globally in the past decade.3 The use of N2O can cause myelopathy,myocardial injury,anaemia,severe mood disorders,sensory and motor neuropathy,and psychotic symptoms.45 Prolonged N2O intake results in vitamin B12 deficiency and inhibits methionine synthetase,folate and DNA production,leading to plasma homocysteine(HCY)level elevation and bone marrow haematopoietic dysfunction.6 This study aimed to investigate the neurological symptoms of nitrous oxide use and then explore the relapse trajectory and risk factors for relapse.
基金supported by the Department of Maternal and Child Health,National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China.
文摘Background Although birth defects are of great concern globally,the latest national prevalence has not yet been quantified in China.We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the perinatal prevalence of birth defects in the Mainland of China between 2000 and 2021.Methods We performed a systematic literature search of six databases for relevant articles published between January 1,2000,and March 1,2023.We included published studies that reported data on the perinatal prevalence of birth defects in the Mainland of China.The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled prevalence and its 95%confidence interval(CI).We also conducted subgroup analyses and univariable meta-regressions to explore differences in prevalence by time period,geographic region,and other characteristics.Results We included 254 studies reporting the perinatal prevalence of birth defects and 86 studies reporting only the prevalence of specific types of birth defects.Based on 254 studies covering 74,307,037 perinatal births and 985,115 cases with birth defects,the pooled perinatal prevalence of birth defects was 122.54(95%CI 116.20–128.89)per 10,000 perinatal births in the Mainland of China during 2000–2021.Overall,the perinatal prevalence of birth defects increased from 95.60(86.51–104.69)per 10,000 in 2000–2004 to 208.94(175.67–242.22)per 10,000 in 2020–2021.There were also significant disparities among different geographical regions.Congenital heart defects(33.35 per 10,000),clefts of the lip and/or palate(13.52 per 10,000),polydactyly(12.82 per 10,000),neural tube defects(12.82 per 10,000),and inborn errors of metabolism(11.41 per 10,000)were the five most common types of birth defects.The perinatal prevalence among males was significantly higher than that among females(β=2.44×10^(−3),P=0.003);a higher perinatal prevalence of birth defects was observed among perinatal births whose mothers were≥35 years(β=4.34×10^(−3),P<0.001).Conclusion Comprehensive and sustained efforts are needed to strengthen surveillance and detection of birth defects,improve prenatal and postnatal healthcare,and promote rehabilitation,especially in underdeveloped areas.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0606200)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen,China(SZSM202111001).
文摘Extreme precipitation is exacerbating the burden of infectious diarrhea in the context of climate change,it is necessary to identify the critical and easy-to-intervene intermediate factors for public health strategies.Water quality may be the most important mediator,while relevant empirical evidence is limited.This study aimed to examine the role of water quality in the process of infectious diarrhea caused by extreme precipitation.Weekly infectious diarrhea cases,meteorological factors and water quality data in Yangtze River Basin in China between October 29,2007 to February 19,2017 were obtained.Two-stage statistical models were used to estimate city-specific extreme precipitation,water quality and infectious diarrhea relationships that were pooled to derive regional estimates.A causal mediation analysis was used to assess the mediation effect of water quality.In Yangtze River Basin,extreme precipitation events had a significant impact on infectious diarrhea(Incidence Rate Ratios[IRR]:1.027,95%Confidence Interval[CI]:1.013~1.041).After extreme precipitation events,the dissolved oxygen(DO)in surface water decreased(-0.123 mg/L,95%CI:-0.159 mg/L~-0.086 mg/L),while the un-ionized ammonia(NH(3)-N)increased(0.004 mg/L,95%CI:0.001 mg/L~0.006 mg/L).The combined overall effect of DO and NH(3)-N on infectious diarrhea showed that both low and high concentrations were associated with an increased risk of infectious diarrhea.The causal mediation analysis showed that the mediation proportion of the two water quality indexes(DO and NH(3)-N)is 70.54%(P<0.001).To reduce the health effects of extreme precipitation,in contrast to current population-oriented health strategies,those that take into account more direct and easy-to-intervene water quality indicators should be encouraged by future policies.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC2000400 to Y.Z.)National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (72061137004,71490732 to Y.Z.)+4 种基金the U.S.National Institute of Aging of National Institute of Health (P01AG031719 to Y.Z.)supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (82250610230 to J.J.S.)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (IS23105 to J.J.S.)Tsinghua University Vanke School of Public Health Research Grant (2021PY001 to J.J.S.)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program (20233080015 to J.J.S.).
文摘We aimed to report real-world longitudinal ambient air pollutants levels compared to WHO Air Quality Guidelines(AQG)and analyze multiple air pollutants’joint effect on longevity,and the modification and confounding from the climate and urbanization with a focus on the oldest-old.This study included 13,207 old participants with 73.3%aged 80 and beyond,followed up from 2008 to 2018 in 23 Chinese provinces.We used the Cox-proportional hazards model and quantile-based g-computation model to measure separate and joint effects of the multiple pollutants.We adjusted for climate and area economic factors based on a directed acyclic graph.In 2018,no participants met the WHO AQG for PM_(2.5) and O_(3),and about one-third met the AQG for NO_(2).The hazard ratio(HR)for mortality was 1.07(95%confidence interval-CI:1.05,1.09)per decile increase in all three pollutants,with PM_(2.5) being the dominant contributor according to the quantile-based g-computation model.In the three-pollutant model,the HRs(95%CI)for PM_(2.5) and NO_(2) were 1.27(1.25,1.3)and 1.08(1.05,1.12)per 10μg/m3 increase,respectively.The oldest-old experienced a much lower mortality risk from air pollution compared to the young-old.The mortality risk of PM_(2.5) was higher in areas with higher annual average temperatures.The adjustment of road density considerably intensified the association between NO_(2) and mortality.The ambient PM_(2.5) and O_(3) levels in China exceeded the WHO AQG target substantially.Multiple pollutants coexposure,confounding,and modification of the district economic and climate factors should not be ignored in the association between air pollution and mortality.
基金supported by Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (2020B0301030004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42075040)+2 种基金Key Innovation Team of China Meteorological Administration (CMA2022ZD03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under (41930967)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0606203).
文摘High temperature and high humidity pose notable threats to the health and survival of humans,and the impact of compound extreme events involving multiple meteorological elements is usually greater than the sum of the impacts of individual extreme events.However,there is limited research on the compound extreme meteorological events,defined based on the extreme of health risks rather than just the extreme of meteoro-logical elements,necessitating further investigation into their characteristics and underlying driving factors.Using daily records of emergency ambulance dispatches from selected Chinese cities,together with daily average temperature and relative humidity data,this study identified and quantified warm-wet compound extreme events with high health risks(HRWWs)that occurred in southern China during 1979-2022.Results revealed that HRWWs were most prevalent in the coastal region of southern China.The annual frequency of HRWWs across China underwent a marked shift in 2014,with the rapid increase in recent years primarily contributed by the increase in summer HRWWs and advance and extension of the period of occurrence of HRWWs in summer.Further analysis indicated that the changes in HRWWs in southern China during summer were primarily regulated by the EIl Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)of the preceding winter and the springtime Indian Ocean basin-wide(IOBW)mode.El Nino and Indian Ocean warming force a reverse Walker circulation in the tropical Indian Ocean-western Pacific,strengthening the Philippine anticyclone(PAC)in summer.This weakens convection in the northwestern Pacific and enables the western Pacific subtropical high to extend westward over coastal areas of southern China.The resulting abnormal atmospheric circulation causes prevailing subsidence over southern China,which is unfavorable for precipitation but conducive to maintaining high surface temperatures.Despite reduced precipitation,water vapor flux is increased owing to strengthened southwesterlies associated with the PAC that enhance regional humidity.Consequently,as temperature and humidity levels rise,HRWWs occur more frequently in southern China,as evidenced since 2014.Further analysis suggested that the contribution of intensification of IOBW warming to the sudden increase in HRWW occurrence over the past decade has been greater than that of ENSO.
基金the Collaborative Research Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(L2224041)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XK2022DXC005)+2 种基金Frontier of Interdisciplinary Research on Monitoring and Prediction of Pathogenic Microorganisms in the AtmosphereSelf-supporting Program of Guangzhou Laboratory(SRPG22-007)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2022-kb09).
文摘Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)has exerted a profound adverse impact on human health.Studies have demonstrated that aerosol transmission is one of the major transmission routes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Pathogenic microorganisms such as SARS-CoV-2 can survive in the air and cause widespread infection among people.Early monitoring of pathogenic microorganism transmission in the atmosphere and accurate epidemic prediction are the frontier guarantee for preventing large-scale epidemic outbreaks.Monitoring of pathogenic microorganisms in the air,especially in densely populated areas,may raise the possibility to detect viruses before people are widely infected and contain the epidemic at an earlier stage.The multi-scale coupled accurate epidemic prediction system can provide support for governments to analyze the epidemic situation,allocate health resources,and formulate epidemic response policies.This review first elaborates on the effects of the atmospheric environment on pathogenic microorganism transmission,which lays a theoretical foundation for the monitoring and prediction of epidemic development.Secondly,the monitoring technique development and the necessity of monitoring pathogenic microorganisms in the atmosphere are summarized and emphasized.Subsequently,this review introduces the major epidemic prediction methods and highlights the significance to realize a multi-scale coupled epidemic prediction system by strengthening the multidisciplinary cooperation of epidemiology,atmospheric sciences,environmental sciences,sociology,demography,etc.By summarizing the achievements and challenges in monitoring and prediction of pathogenic microorganism transmission in the atmosphere,this review proposes suggestions for epidemic response,namely,the establishment of an integrated monitoring and prediction platform for pathogenic microorganism transmission in the atmosphere.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(72243008,41921005,and 72140003)the Energy Foundation,China.
文摘China is now confronting the intertwined challenges of air pollution and climate change.Given the high synergies between air pollution abatement and climate change mitigation,the Chinese government is actively promoting synergetic control of these two issues.The Synergetic Roadmap project was launched in 2021 to track and analyze the progress of synergetic control in China by developing and monitoring key indicators.The Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report is the first annual update,featuring 20 indicators across five aspects:synergetic governance system and practices,progress in structural transition,air pollution and associated weather-climate interactions,sources,sinks,and mitigation pathway of atmospheric composition,and health impacts and benefits of coordinated control.Compared to the comprehensive review presented in the 2021 report,the Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report places particular emphasis on progress in 2021 with highlights on actions in key sectors and the relevant milestones.These milestones include the proportion of non-fossil power generation capacity surpassing coal-fired capacity for the first time,a decline in the production of crude steel and cement after years of growth,and the surging penetration of electric vehicles.Additionally,in 2022,China issued the first national policy that synergizes abatements of pollution and carbon emissions,marking a new era for China's pollution-carbon co-control.These changes highlight China's efforts to reshape its energy,economic,and transportation structures to meet the demand for synergetic control and sustainable development.Consequently,the country has witnessed a slowdown in carbon emission growth,improved air quality,and increased health benefits in recent years.
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2018ZX10101002-002)
文摘Background Culex pipiens pallens and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus are the dominant species of Culex mosquitoes in China and important disease vectors.Long-term use of insecticides can cause mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel(vgsc)gene of mosquitoes,but little is known about the current status and evolutionary origins of vgsc gene in different geographic populations.Therefore,this study aimed to determine the current status of vgsc genes in Cx.p.pallens and Cx.p.quinquefasciatus in China and to investigate the evolutionary inheritance of neighboring downstream introns of the vgsc gene to determine the impact of insecticides on long-term evolution.Methods Sampling was conducted from July to September 2021 in representative habitats of 22 provincial-level administrative divisions in China.Genomic DNA was extracted from 1308 mosquitoes,the IIS6 fragment of the vgsc gene on the nerve cell membrane was amplified using polymerase chain reaction,and the sequence was used to evaluate allele frequency and knockdown resistance(kdr)frequency.MEGA 11 was used to construct neighborjoining(NJ)tree.PopART was used to build a TCS network.Results There were 6 alleles and 6 genotypes at the L1014 locus,which included the wild-type alleles TTA/L and CTA/L and the mutant alleles TTT/F,TTC/F,TCT/S and TCA/S.The geographic populations with a kdr frequency less than 20.00%were mainly concentrated in the regions north of 38°N,and the geographic populations with a kdr frequency greater than 80.00%were concentrated in the regions south of 30°N.kdr frequency increased with decreasing latitude.And within the same latitude,the frequency of kdr in large cities is relatively high.Mutations were correlated with the number of introns.The mutant allele TCA/S has only one intron,the mutant allele TTT/F has three introns,and the wild-type allele TTA/L has 17 introns.Conclusions Cx.p.pallens and Cx.p.quinquefasciatus have developed resistance to insecticides in most regions of China.The neighboring downstream introns of the vgsc gene gradually decreased to one intron with the mutation of the vgsc gene.Mutations may originate from multiple mutation events rather than from a single origin,and populations lacking mutations may be genetically isolated.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2022YFC3702600).
文摘Environmental health research aims to identify environmental conditions suitable for the healthy living and reproduction of human beings.Through the interdisciplinary research bridging environmental sciences and health/medical sciences,the impacts of physical,chemical,and biological environmental factors on human health are investigated.This includes identifying environmental factors detrimental to human health,evaluating human exposure characteristics to environmental factors,clarifying causal relationships between environmental exposure and health effects,analyzing the underlying biochemical mechanisms,linking environmental factors to the onset and progression of diseases,establishing exposure-response relationships,and determining effect thresholds.Ultimately,the results of environmental health research can serve as a scientific basis for formulating environmental management strategies and guiding prevention and intervention measures at both the public and individual levels.This paper summarizes the recent advances and future perspectives of environmental health research in China,as reported by a group of Chinese scientists who recently attended a workshop in Hainan,China.While it is not intended to provide a comprehensive review of this expansive field,it offers a glimpse into the significant progress made in understanding the health impacts of environmental factors over the past decade.Looking ahead,it is imperative not only to sustain efforts in studying the health effects of traditional environmental pollution,but also to prioritize research on the health impacts of emerging pollutants and climate change.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(72122001,72211540398,71934002)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021ZD0114105,2021ZD0114104,2021ZD0114101)the Shui Mu Tsinghua Scholar Program.
文摘Introduction:In late 2022,a rapid transmission of Omicron variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)occurred throughout China.The purpose of this study was to provide the latest data and evaluate trends of SARS-CoV-2 infection in rural China among the community population.Methods:Data on SARS-CoV-2 infection among approximately 90,000 participants in rural China were collected by the National Sentinel Community-Based Surveillance(NSCS)system.Participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection(defined as positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid or antigen)twice weekly from December 16,2022 to January 12,2023.The daily average of newly positive rate and its estimated daily percentage change were calculated to describe the national and regional trends of SARS-CoV-2 infection in rural China.Results:In rural China,the daily average new positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection peaked at 4.79%between December 20–22,2022 and then decreased to 0.57%between January 10–12,2023,with an average decrease of 29.95%per round.The peak of new SARS-CoV-2 infection was slightly earlier and lower in North China(5.28%between December 20–22,2022)than in South China(5.63%between December 23–26,2022),and then converged from December 30,2022 to January 2,2023.The peak of 6.09%occurred between December 20–22,2022 in eastern China,while the peak of 5.99%occurred later,between December 27–29,2022,in central China.Conclusions:Overall,the epidemic wave in rural China peaked between December 20–22,2022,and passed quickly following the optimization of prevention and control measures.Currently,SARSCoV-2 infection in community populations in rural China is sporadic.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(72122001,72211540398,71934002)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021ZD0114105,2021ZD0114104,2021ZD0114101).
文摘Introduction:On December 7,2022,China implemented the“Ten New Measures”to optimize its prevention and control measures for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).To provide the latest data after the optimization,we evaluated trends of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection among the community population in China.Methods:We utilized data from the National Sentinel Community-Based Surveillance(NSCS)system in China to assess trends of SARS-CoV-2 infection.NSCS is a national community-based surveillance cohort with 0.42 million participants from all 31 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(XPCC).Participants were tested for infection twice a week(a total of eight rounds)from December 16,2022 to January 12,2023.SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid or antigen.We calculated the daily average of newly positive rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Results:In this national cohort,the daily average newly positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased from 4.13% in Round 1(December 16-19,2022)to 0.69% in Round 8(January 10-12,2023).The epidemic peak occurred in Round 2(December 20-22,2022).Similar trends were observed in urban areas(decreasing from 4.65% to 0.73%),rural areas(decreasing from 2.83% to 0.57%),the eastern region(decreasing from 4.18% to 0.67%),the central region(decreasing from 5.43% to 0.61%),and the western region(decreasing from 3.01%to 0.77%).Conclusions:NSCS data showed that the peak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in China had passed.SARSCoV-2 infection in community populations in China is currently at a low epidemic level.
基金supported by the National Health Commission Public Health Special Program of China[grant number:131031108000160004]
文摘Objective The study aimed to analyze the applicability of the World Health Organization’s exclusionary guidelines for Urinary creatinine(Ucr)in the general Chinese population,and to identify Ucr related factors.Methods We conduct a cross-sectional study using baseline data from 21,167 participants in the China National Human Biomonitoring Program.Mixed linear models and restricted cubic splines(RCS)were used to analyze the associations between explanatory variables and Ucr concentration.Results The geometric mean and median concentrations of Ucr in the general Chinese population were 0.90 g/L and 1.01 g/L,respectively.And 9.36%samples were outside 0.3-3.0 g/L,including 7.83%below the lower limit and 1.53%above the upper limit.Middle age,male,obesity,smoking,higher frequency of red meat consumption and chronic kidney disease were associated significantly with higher concentrations of Ucr.Results of the RCS showed Ucr was positively and linearly associated with body mass index,inversely and linearly associated with systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,triglycerides level,and glomerular filtration rate,and were non-linearly associated with triiodothyronine.Conclusion The age-and gender-specific cut-off values of Ucr that determine the validity of urine samples in the general Chinese population were recommended.To avoid introducing bias into epidemiologic associations,the potential predictors of Ucr observed in the current study should be considered when using Ucr to adjust for variations in urine dilution.
