The prevalence of glaucoma, the second leading cause of global blindness, is increasing due to aging populations. In glaucoma, degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) causes visual field defec...The prevalence of glaucoma, the second leading cause of global blindness, is increasing due to aging populations. In glaucoma, degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) causes visual field defects and eventual blindness.展开更多
Multiple sclerosis(MS),which is characterized by inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system(CNS),is the most common neurological disease in the young adult population.Experimental autoimmune encephalomye...Multiple sclerosis(MS),which is characterized by inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system(CNS),is the most common neurological disease in the young adult population.Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),an animal model of MS,is often used in preclinical studies.Accumulating data indicate that in addition to immune cells such as T cells and dendritic cells,CNS resident microglia and astrocytes play important roles in demyelinating neuroinflammation(Healy et al.,2022).In particular,microglia are key immune-competent cells that can respond to environmental changes.Conditional depletion of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1,a mitogen-associated protein kinase kinase kinase,in microglia is reported to reduce CNS inflammation and diminish axonal and myelin damage significantly.This suggests that elucidating the mechanisms of microglia-specific responses during pathologies may help in the development of treatments that reduce EAE/MS disease severity(Goldmann et al.,2013).展开更多
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the eye,and it presents with visual field defects accompanied by progressive degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).It is one of the major causes of...Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the eye,and it presents with visual field defects accompanied by progressive degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).It is one of the major causes of blindness worldwide and affects 1 in 20 people over the age of 40.Glaucoma is caused by multiple factors,but it is usually associated with elevated intraocular pressure(IOP).Extensive studies have been carried out to discover therapeutic targets and to develop new drugs to treat ocular hypertension using experimental models of rodents(rats and mice)and non-human primates(e.g.,cynomologus,rhesus,or marmoset monkeys).展开更多
基金supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (JP22K09804 to CHJP21K09688 to XG+3 种基金JP19KK0229, JP21H04786, JP21H02819 and JP21K18279 to TH)the Shiseido Female Researcher Science Grant (to XG)Mitsubishi FoundationTakeda Science Foundation (to TH)。
文摘The prevalence of glaucoma, the second leading cause of global blindness, is increasing due to aging populations. In glaucoma, degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) causes visual field defects and eventual blindness.
基金supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(JP21K09688 and JP24K12795 to XGJP22K09804 to CHJP19KK0229,JP21H02819,JP21K18279,and JP24H00583 to TH),Shiseido Female Researcher Science Grant(to XG)and the Takeda Science Foundation(to TH).
文摘Multiple sclerosis(MS),which is characterized by inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system(CNS),is the most common neurological disease in the young adult population.Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),an animal model of MS,is often used in preclinical studies.Accumulating data indicate that in addition to immune cells such as T cells and dendritic cells,CNS resident microglia and astrocytes play important roles in demyelinating neuroinflammation(Healy et al.,2022).In particular,microglia are key immune-competent cells that can respond to environmental changes.Conditional depletion of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1,a mitogen-associated protein kinase kinase kinase,in microglia is reported to reduce CNS inflammation and diminish axonal and myelin damage significantly.This suggests that elucidating the mechanisms of microglia-specific responses during pathologies may help in the development of treatments that reduce EAE/MS disease severity(Goldmann et al.,2013).
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(JP17K07123 to AK,JP17K11499 to TN and JP18K19625 to TH)the Taiju Life Social Welfare Foundation(to TH)and the Takeda Science Foundation(to TH)
文摘Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the eye,and it presents with visual field defects accompanied by progressive degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).It is one of the major causes of blindness worldwide and affects 1 in 20 people over the age of 40.Glaucoma is caused by multiple factors,but it is usually associated with elevated intraocular pressure(IOP).Extensive studies have been carried out to discover therapeutic targets and to develop new drugs to treat ocular hypertension using experimental models of rodents(rats and mice)and non-human primates(e.g.,cynomologus,rhesus,or marmoset monkeys).
