Introduction:Respiratory infectious diseases,such as influenza and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),present significant global public health challenges.The emergence of artificial intelligence(AI)and big data offers...Introduction:Respiratory infectious diseases,such as influenza and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),present significant global public health challenges.The emergence of artificial intelligence(AI)and big data offers opportunities to improve traditional disease surveillance and early warning systems.Methods:The study analyzed data from January 2020 to May 2023,comprising influenza-like illness(ILI)statistics,Baidu index,and clinical data from Weifang.Three methodologies were evaluated:the adaptive dynamic threshold method(ADTM)for dynamic threshold adjustments,the machine learning supervised method(MLSM),and the machine learning unsupervised method(MLUM)utilizing anomaly detection.The comparison focused on sensitivity,specificity,timeliness,and warning consistency.Results:ADTM issued 37 warnings with a sensitivity of 71%and a specificity of 85%.MLSM generated 35 warnings,with a sensitivity of 82%and a specificity of 87%.MLUM produced 63 warnings with a sensitivity of 100%and specificity of 80%.The initial warnings from ADTM and MLUM preceded those from MLSM by five days.The Kappa coefficient indicated moderate agreement between the methods,with values ranging from 0.52 to 0.62(P<0.05).Discussion:The study explores the comparison between traditional methods and two machine learning approaches for early warning systems.It emphasizes the validation of machine learning’s reliability and underscores the unique advantages of each method.Furthermore,it stresses the significance of integrating machine learning models with various data sources to enhance public health preparedness and response,alongside acknowledging limitations and the need for broader validation.展开更多
Objective The occurrence of chickenpox in rapidly developing areas poses substantial seasonal risk to children.However,certain factors influencing local chickenpox outbreaks have not been studied.Here,we examined the ...Objective The occurrence of chickenpox in rapidly developing areas poses substantial seasonal risk to children.However,certain factors influencing local chickenpox outbreaks have not been studied.Here,we examined the relationship between spatial clustering,heterogeneity of chickenpox outbreaks,and socioeconomic factors in Southern China.Methods We assessed chickenpox outbreak data from Southern China between 2006 and 2021,comprising both relatively fast-growing parts and slower sub-regions,and provides a representative sample of many developing regions.We analyzed the spatial clustering attributes associated with chickenpox outbreaks using Moran’s I and local indicators of spatial association and quantified their socioeconomic determinants using Geodetector q statistics.Results There were significant spatial heterogeneity in the risk of chickenpox outbreaks,with strong correlations between chickenpox risk and various factors,particularly demographics and living environment.Furthermore,interactive effects among specific are factors,such as population density and per capita residential building area,percentage of households with toilets,percentage of rental housing,exhibited q statistics of 0.28,0.25,and 0.24,respectively.Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the spatial dynamics of chickenpox outbreaks in rapidly developing regions,revealing the socioeconomic factors affecting disease transmission.These implications extend the formulation of effective public health strategies and interventions to prevent and control chickenpox outbreaks in similar global contexts.展开更多
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),which is characterized by a long-term,irreversible airway limitation and persistent respiratory symptoms,is common and preventable.Several studies have suggested that partic...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),which is characterized by a long-term,irreversible airway limitation and persistent respiratory symptoms,is common and preventable.Several studies have suggested that particulate matter is associated with the prevalence of COPD and the risk of mortality.At the same time,the diurnal temperature range(DTR)has been suggested to be an adverse health factor that is especially associated with an increased risk of hospitalization in patients with COPD[1].DTR represents temperature variability within 1 day and is considered an important indicator of climate change.A few studies have shown that ambient air pollutants[particulate matter(PM)],such as PM2.5 and PM10,and high or low temperature have a synergistic effect on COPD[1].Thus,the current study determined the interaction between particulate matter(PM)and the DTR on COPD mortality and identified the vulnerable population in Weifang.展开更多
The ribosomal protein S29 also known as RPS29, is not only a component of the 40S subunit of ribosome, but also involved in embryonic development, oncogenesis and other pathologic conditions. However, rare commercial ...The ribosomal protein S29 also known as RPS29, is not only a component of the 40S subunit of ribosome, but also involved in embryonic development, oncogenesis and other pathologic conditions. However, rare commercial antibody against RPS29 restricts the discovery of precise physiological and pathological function of this protein. In this study, the whole RPS29 gene was inserted into plasmid pGEX-6p-1 to express glutathione＇s transferase （GST） fusion proteins in Escherichia eoli （E. coli） strain BL21. High yields of soluble recombinant proteins were obtained. Mice were immunized with the recombinant RPS29 protein. The serum from the immunized mice could specially react with purified recombinant RPS29 proteins and native RPS29 proteins in CCE cells by western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometric analysis. Further more the polyclonal antibodies also reacted specifically with human cell strain ECV304, which showed typical cytoplasmatic fluorescence. The polyclonal antibodies we prepared would be an available tool for studying the roles of RPS29 in embryonic development and human diseases.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Pneumococcal diseases(PDs)pose a serious health threat to children.Vaccination is the most costeffective intervention to prevent PDs,but pneumococcal vaccines coverage am...Summary What is already known about this topic?Pneumococcal diseases(PDs)pose a serious health threat to children.Vaccination is the most costeffective intervention to prevent PDs,but pneumococcal vaccines coverage among children is low in China.What is added by this report?This study investigated the willingness of children’s caregivers to have their children vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccines under an innovative policy to offer 1-dose of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines at no charge to families.The research found that 70.51%of caregivers were willing to have their infants receive pneumococcal vaccines and that reducing the cost of vaccines may increase caregivers’willingness.What are the implications for public health practice?This is the first evaluation in China of acceptance of pneumococcal vaccines among children under a 1-dose,cost-free policy.The results provide scientific evidence for updating local and national pneumococcal immunization strategies to promote the use of the pneumococcal vaccine.展开更多
Introduction:Varicella outbreaks significantly disrupt schools and other child-centered institutions.This study aimed to identify patterns and epidemiological features of varicella outbreaks in China from 2006 to 2022...Introduction:Varicella outbreaks significantly disrupt schools and other child-centered institutions.This study aimed to identify patterns and epidemiological features of varicella outbreaks in China from 2006 to 2022.Methods:Data were extracted from outbreak reports submitted to the Public Health Emergency Reporting Management Information System within the specified timeframe.Analytical methods included Spearman correlation tests and the Mann-Kendall trend tests,conducted using R software to analyze and summarize reported data.Additionally,statistical analyses of trends and epidemiological characteristics were performed using SPSS software.Results:Between 2006 and 2022,a total of 11,990 varicella outbreaks were reported in China,resulting in 354,082 cases.The attack rates showed a decreasing trend over the years(Z=−4.49,P<0.05).These outbreaks occurred in two peaks annually.The eastern region accounted for the highest number of outbreaks(31.53%),followed by the southwestern(24.22%)and southern(17.93%)regions.Varicella outbreaks were most common in elementary schools.Most of the outbreaks(60.43%)were classified as Grade IV(general)severity,with 86.41%of the outbreaks having 10–49 cases.The median and inter-quartile ranges(IQR)of the duration of outbreaks,response time,and case counts were 21(10,39)days,4(0,12)days,and 23(16,35)cases,respectively.These variables showed a positive correlation(P<0.001).Conclusions:Varicella outbreaks exhibited fluctuating trends,initially decreasing until 2012,followed by an increase,reaching the highest peak in 2018–2019.Continual monitoring of varicella epidemiology is necessary to assess the burden of the disease and formulate evidence-based strategies and policies for its prevention and control.展开更多
基金Supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-044,2023-I2M-3-011)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2308701).
文摘Introduction:Respiratory infectious diseases,such as influenza and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),present significant global public health challenges.The emergence of artificial intelligence(AI)and big data offers opportunities to improve traditional disease surveillance and early warning systems.Methods:The study analyzed data from January 2020 to May 2023,comprising influenza-like illness(ILI)statistics,Baidu index,and clinical data from Weifang.Three methodologies were evaluated:the adaptive dynamic threshold method(ADTM)for dynamic threshold adjustments,the machine learning supervised method(MLSM),and the machine learning unsupervised method(MLUM)utilizing anomaly detection.The comparison focused on sensitivity,specificity,timeliness,and warning consistency.Results:ADTM issued 37 warnings with a sensitivity of 71%and a specificity of 85%.MLSM generated 35 warnings,with a sensitivity of 82%and a specificity of 87%.MLUM produced 63 warnings with a sensitivity of 100%and specificity of 80%.The initial warnings from ADTM and MLUM preceded those from MLSM by five days.The Kappa coefficient indicated moderate agreement between the methods,with values ranging from 0.52 to 0.62(P<0.05).Discussion:The study explores the comparison between traditional methods and two machine learning approaches for early warning systems.It emphasizes the validation of machine learning’s reliability and underscores the unique advantages of each method.Furthermore,it stresses the significance of integrating machine learning models with various data sources to enhance public health preparedness and response,alongside acknowledging limitations and the need for broader validation.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300421361)National Science Foundation of China(42371223,41901331)Innovation Project of LREIS(O88RA205YA,O88RA200YA).
文摘Objective The occurrence of chickenpox in rapidly developing areas poses substantial seasonal risk to children.However,certain factors influencing local chickenpox outbreaks have not been studied.Here,we examined the relationship between spatial clustering,heterogeneity of chickenpox outbreaks,and socioeconomic factors in Southern China.Methods We assessed chickenpox outbreak data from Southern China between 2006 and 2021,comprising both relatively fast-growing parts and slower sub-regions,and provides a representative sample of many developing regions.We analyzed the spatial clustering attributes associated with chickenpox outbreaks using Moran’s I and local indicators of spatial association and quantified their socioeconomic determinants using Geodetector q statistics.Results There were significant spatial heterogeneity in the risk of chickenpox outbreaks,with strong correlations between chickenpox risk and various factors,particularly demographics and living environment.Furthermore,interactive effects among specific are factors,such as population density and per capita residential building area,percentage of households with toilets,percentage of rental housing,exhibited q statistics of 0.28,0.25,and 0.24,respectively.Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the spatial dynamics of chickenpox outbreaks in rapidly developing regions,revealing the socioeconomic factors affecting disease transmission.These implications extend the formulation of effective public health strategies and interventions to prevent and control chickenpox outbreaks in similar global contexts.
基金the Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province[No.2019GSF111067]the Shandong Provincial Social Science Planning Research Project[N0.I8CQXJI8]+3 种基金the Shandong Medical and Health Technology Development Plan[No.2017WS703]the Teaching Reform and Research Project of Weifang Medical College[No.2018YB013]the National Steering Committee of Medical Professional Degree Postgraduate Education Project[No.C-YX20190301-04]the Medical Education Research Project of Medical Education Branch of Chinese Medical Association and Medical Education Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Higher Education[No.2018A-N02079].
文摘Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),which is characterized by a long-term,irreversible airway limitation and persistent respiratory symptoms,is common and preventable.Several studies have suggested that particulate matter is associated with the prevalence of COPD and the risk of mortality.At the same time,the diurnal temperature range(DTR)has been suggested to be an adverse health factor that is especially associated with an increased risk of hospitalization in patients with COPD[1].DTR represents temperature variability within 1 day and is considered an important indicator of climate change.A few studies have shown that ambient air pollutants[particulate matter(PM)],such as PM2.5 and PM10,and high or low temperature have a synergistic effect on COPD[1].Thus,the current study determined the interaction between particulate matter(PM)and the DTR on COPD mortality and identified the vulnerable population in Weifang.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30800983,30700418 and 30972596)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(2008BB5113 and 2009BB5015) the Scientific Research Foundation of Third Military Medical University(2009XHG03 and 2009XYY04)
文摘The ribosomal protein S29 also known as RPS29, is not only a component of the 40S subunit of ribosome, but also involved in embryonic development, oncogenesis and other pathologic conditions. However, rare commercial antibody against RPS29 restricts the discovery of precise physiological and pathological function of this protein. In this study, the whole RPS29 gene was inserted into plasmid pGEX-6p-1 to express glutathione＇s transferase （GST） fusion proteins in Escherichia eoli （E. coli） strain BL21. High yields of soluble recombinant proteins were obtained. Mice were immunized with the recombinant RPS29 protein. The serum from the immunized mice could specially react with purified recombinant RPS29 proteins and native RPS29 proteins in CCE cells by western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometric analysis. Further more the polyclonal antibodies also reacted specifically with human cell strain ECV304, which showed typical cytoplasmatic fluorescence. The polyclonal antibodies we prepared would be an available tool for studying the roles of RPS29 in embryonic development and human diseases.
基金Supported by Education Foundation of Peking Union Medical College and funded by Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation Donation Project(OPP1216666)the discipline construction funds of Population Medicine from Peking Union Medical College(WH10022021145).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Pneumococcal diseases(PDs)pose a serious health threat to children.Vaccination is the most costeffective intervention to prevent PDs,but pneumococcal vaccines coverage among children is low in China.What is added by this report?This study investigated the willingness of children’s caregivers to have their children vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccines under an innovative policy to offer 1-dose of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines at no charge to families.The research found that 70.51%of caregivers were willing to have their infants receive pneumococcal vaccines and that reducing the cost of vaccines may increase caregivers’willingness.What are the implications for public health practice?This is the first evaluation in China of acceptance of pneumococcal vaccines among children under a 1-dose,cost-free policy.The results provide scientific evidence for updating local and national pneumococcal immunization strategies to promote the use of the pneumococcal vaccine.
基金Supported by 2020 Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Haidian Original Innovation Joint Fund Key research topic(L202008)National Key Scientific Research Program(973 Program)(2012CB955500,2012CB955504).
文摘Introduction:Varicella outbreaks significantly disrupt schools and other child-centered institutions.This study aimed to identify patterns and epidemiological features of varicella outbreaks in China from 2006 to 2022.Methods:Data were extracted from outbreak reports submitted to the Public Health Emergency Reporting Management Information System within the specified timeframe.Analytical methods included Spearman correlation tests and the Mann-Kendall trend tests,conducted using R software to analyze and summarize reported data.Additionally,statistical analyses of trends and epidemiological characteristics were performed using SPSS software.Results:Between 2006 and 2022,a total of 11,990 varicella outbreaks were reported in China,resulting in 354,082 cases.The attack rates showed a decreasing trend over the years(Z=−4.49,P<0.05).These outbreaks occurred in two peaks annually.The eastern region accounted for the highest number of outbreaks(31.53%),followed by the southwestern(24.22%)and southern(17.93%)regions.Varicella outbreaks were most common in elementary schools.Most of the outbreaks(60.43%)were classified as Grade IV(general)severity,with 86.41%of the outbreaks having 10–49 cases.The median and inter-quartile ranges(IQR)of the duration of outbreaks,response time,and case counts were 21(10,39)days,4(0,12)days,and 23(16,35)cases,respectively.These variables showed a positive correlation(P<0.001).Conclusions:Varicella outbreaks exhibited fluctuating trends,initially decreasing until 2012,followed by an increase,reaching the highest peak in 2018–2019.Continual monitoring of varicella epidemiology is necessary to assess the burden of the disease and formulate evidence-based strategies and policies for its prevention and control.
