Postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteopenia are chronic and uncurable conditions that invariably lead to an increased risk of vertebral, hip, and femoral neck fracture if left untreated. Clinical guidelines establish, ...Postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteopenia are chronic and uncurable conditions that invariably lead to an increased risk of vertebral, hip, and femoral neck fracture if left untreated. Clinical guidelines establish, in general, pharmacological combinations allied to lifestyle changes as the mainstay of their management, and also increasing bone marrow density, lowering fracture risk, and improving quality of life are their main therapeutic goals. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the available data in the scientific medical literature regarding the role of the ibandronate and cholecalciferol combination in postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteopenia management. Based on our results, we concluded that the above combination is safe and feasible for the clinical control of both conditions.展开更多
Over the last decades,the number of total knee arthroplasty procedures performed in the United States has been increasing dramatically.This very successful intervention,however,is associated with significant postopera...Over the last decades,the number of total knee arthroplasty procedures performed in the United States has been increasing dramatically.This very successful intervention,however,is associated with significant postoperative pain,and adequate postoperative analgesia is mandatory in order to allow for successful rehabilitation and recovery.The use of regional anesthesia and peripheral nerve blocks has facilitated and improved this goal.Many different approaches and techniques for peripheral nerve blockades,either landmark or,more recently,ultrasound guided have been described over the last decades.This includes but is not restricted to techniques discussed in this review.The introduction of ultrasound has improved many approaches to peripheral nerves either in success rate and/or time to block.Moreover,ultrasound has enhanced the safety of peripheral nerve blocks due to immediate needle visualization and as consequence needle guidance during the block.In contrast to patient controlled analgesia using opioids,patients with a regional anesthetic technique suffer from fewer adverse events and show higher patient satisfaction;this is important as hospital rank-ings and advertisement have become more common worldwide and many patients use these factors in order to choose a certain institution for a specific procedure.This review provides a short overview of currently used regional anesthetic and analgesic techniques focusing on related implications,considerations and outcomes.展开更多
Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) of the breast is a rare special subtype of breast cancer characterized by the presence of a dual cell population of luminal and basaloid cells arranged in specific growth patterns. Most b...Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) of the breast is a rare special subtype of breast cancer characterized by the presence of a dual cell population of luminal and basaloid cells arranged in specific growth patterns. Most breast cancers with triple-negative, basal-like breast features(i.e., tumors that are devoid of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression, and express basal cell markers) are generally high-grade tumors with an aggressive clinical course. Conversely, while ACCs also display a triple-negative, basal-like phenotype, they are usually low-grade and exhibit an indolent clinical behavior. Many discoveries regarding the molecular and genetic features of the ACC, including a specific chromosomal translocation t(6;9) that results in a MYB-NFIB fusion gene, have been made in recent years. This comprehensive review provides our experience with ACC of the breast, as well as an overview of clinical, histopathological, and molecular genetic features.展开更多
BACKGROUND High tibial osteotomy(HTO)is a well-known procedure for the correction of knee varus.The purpose of this study was to compare the radiological results and accuracy of deformity correction performed using tw...BACKGROUND High tibial osteotomy(HTO)is a well-known procedure for the correction of knee varus.The purpose of this study was to compare the radiological results and accuracy of deformity correction performed using two different techniques:acute opening wedge correction using a plate and gradual correction with a monolateral external fixator.AIM To compare of the radiological results of two different techniques:acute opening wedge correction(a plate and screw)and gradual correction(external fixator).METHODS A total of 43 patients with plates and 36 patients with external fixators were included.All patients had moderate uniplanar varus deformities.We measured radiographic parameters,including the mechanical axis deviation(MAD),medial proximal tibial angle(MPTA),Caton-Deschamps Index(CDI),posterior proximal tibial angle,and joint line obliquity angle(JLOA).The accuracy of MAD correction was calculated based on a correction goal of neutral or overcorrection for medial compartment arthritis.RESULTS Demographics including age,body mass index,sex,and preoperative deformities were similar between the groups.The MAD significantly improved from 23.6 mm medial to the midline(SD=8.2 mm)to 6.9 mm lateral to the midline(SD=5.4 mm)(P<0.001).The accuracy of MAD correction did not differ between the groups and was 96.1%(SD=8.1%)in the plate group and 98.2%(SD=5.2%)in the external fixator group(P=0.18).The MPTA significantly improved from 83.9°(SD=2.9°)to 90.9°(SD=3.3°)(P<0.001),and the change was similar between the groups.Differences were noted in patella height,with a CDI change of-19.2%(SD=13.7%)and 3.1%(SD=8.0%)for the plate and external fixator groups,respectively(P<0.001).The change in JLOA was 1.6 degrees(SD=1.1 degrees)and 0.9 degrees(SD=0.9 degrees)for the plate and external fixator groups,respectively(P=0.04).CONCLUSION Reliable correction of moderate varus alignment was achieved with both the acute opening wedge technique with a plate and the gradual monolateral external fixator technique.The patellar height decreased with the open wedge plate technique.Joint line obliquity decreased to a greater degree with the open wedge plate technique,perhaps as a result of medial collateral ligament release.The appropriate technique should be selected based on surgeon and patient preferences;however,external fixation may be a better choice when the preservation of patellar height is deemed important.展开更多
The functional regeneration of damaged axons and severed connections in the mature central nervous system(CNS)remains a challenging goal of neurological research.Mature CNS neurons are refractory to axon regeneration ...The functional regeneration of damaged axons and severed connections in the mature central nervous system(CNS)remains a challenging goal of neurological research.Mature CNS neurons are refractory to axon regeneration for two major reasons,one,because the activity of cell-intrinsic mechanisms that drive axon展开更多
A 2-step culture system was designed and tested for the in vitro maturation efficiency of oocytes from pre-puberty preantral follicles of FVB/N inbred mice. The following modifications were made: 1) The concentration ...A 2-step culture system was designed and tested for the in vitro maturation efficiency of oocytes from pre-puberty preantral follicles of FVB/N inbred mice. The following modifications were made: 1) The concentration of ITS was reduced by half in the basal MIF medium to minimize uncoordinated growth between oocyte and GC cells;2) Heterogeneous preantral follicles were cultured in groups of 3 - 5 follicles in hanging drops of medium with reduced concentration of ITS for six days to induction follicular aggregation. This hanging drop method mimics a 3-D IVM culture system at the early stage of cultivation in which the sphere structure of each follicle is well maintained. It also enables follicles in each aggregate to communicate with each other, synchronize their growth, and thus prevent immature follicular rupture. 3) Medium was further supplemented with retinoic acid to enhance developmental capacity of meiotically arrested oocytes. After a 14-day culture in vitro, ~37% of the collected inbred preantral follicles completed nuclear maturation. Approximately 94% of the mature oocytes tested were able to be fertilized;and 77% of them developed into healthy embryos. These results demonstrate that our IVM system is reliable to produce a satisfactory number of high quality oocytes. In addition, multiple cytoplasmic parameters, including gene expression of key regulators, chromosome/spindle organization, mitochondrial proliferation and distribution, and total ATP content were explored to characterize the supportive and limiting components of our IVM system so that the culture system can be further optimized.展开更多
男性不育症是泌尿男科常见而复杂的疾病,长期以来缺少有效的外科治疗方法。随着男性不育显微外科和辅助生殖技术的出现,男性不育症的治疗得到飞速发展。美国康奈尔大学医学院(Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University)引...男性不育症是泌尿男科常见而复杂的疾病,长期以来缺少有效的外科治疗方法。随着男性不育显微外科和辅助生殖技术的出现,男性不育症的治疗得到飞速发展。美国康奈尔大学医学院(Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University)引领了男性不育显微外科发展的方向和进程。男性不育显微外科从系统地引入中国到今天被大家普遍接受,经历了漫长的过程。男性不育显微外科在中国近15年经历了引入、兴起和繁荣3个阶段,目前中国多家医院相继开展男科显微外科手术,初步建立了男性不育显微外科治疗体系。然而,在中国,男性不育显微外科医生仍然缺乏严格规范的显微外科技术培训,缺乏统一的男性不育评估标准和手术效果的评估,缺乏详细的患者术后随访数据。本综述回顾了男性不育显微外科在中国的发展历程,肯定了男性不育显微外科在中国的发展,也指出了不足,建议今后在显微外科医生的正规培训、建立标准化的男性不育显微手术前后评估和随访流程、在国内开展大规模男性不育显微手术协作临床科学研究等方面加强工作,促进男性不育显微外科在中国发展。展开更多
文摘Postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteopenia are chronic and uncurable conditions that invariably lead to an increased risk of vertebral, hip, and femoral neck fracture if left untreated. Clinical guidelines establish, in general, pharmacological combinations allied to lifestyle changes as the mainstay of their management, and also increasing bone marrow density, lowering fracture risk, and improving quality of life are their main therapeutic goals. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the available data in the scientific medical literature regarding the role of the ibandronate and cholecalciferol combination in postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteopenia management. Based on our results, we concluded that the above combination is safe and feasible for the clinical control of both conditions.
文摘Over the last decades,the number of total knee arthroplasty procedures performed in the United States has been increasing dramatically.This very successful intervention,however,is associated with significant postoperative pain,and adequate postoperative analgesia is mandatory in order to allow for successful rehabilitation and recovery.The use of regional anesthesia and peripheral nerve blocks has facilitated and improved this goal.Many different approaches and techniques for peripheral nerve blockades,either landmark or,more recently,ultrasound guided have been described over the last decades.This includes but is not restricted to techniques discussed in this review.The introduction of ultrasound has improved many approaches to peripheral nerves either in success rate and/or time to block.Moreover,ultrasound has enhanced the safety of peripheral nerve blocks due to immediate needle visualization and as consequence needle guidance during the block.In contrast to patient controlled analgesia using opioids,patients with a regional anesthetic technique suffer from fewer adverse events and show higher patient satisfaction;this is important as hospital rank-ings and advertisement have become more common worldwide and many patients use these factors in order to choose a certain institution for a specific procedure.This review provides a short overview of currently used regional anesthetic and analgesic techniques focusing on related implications,considerations and outcomes.
文摘Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) of the breast is a rare special subtype of breast cancer characterized by the presence of a dual cell population of luminal and basaloid cells arranged in specific growth patterns. Most breast cancers with triple-negative, basal-like breast features(i.e., tumors that are devoid of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression, and express basal cell markers) are generally high-grade tumors with an aggressive clinical course. Conversely, while ACCs also display a triple-negative, basal-like phenotype, they are usually low-grade and exhibit an indolent clinical behavior. Many discoveries regarding the molecular and genetic features of the ACC, including a specific chromosomal translocation t(6;9) that results in a MYB-NFIB fusion gene, have been made in recent years. This comprehensive review provides our experience with ACC of the breast, as well as an overview of clinical, histopathological, and molecular genetic features.
文摘BACKGROUND High tibial osteotomy(HTO)is a well-known procedure for the correction of knee varus.The purpose of this study was to compare the radiological results and accuracy of deformity correction performed using two different techniques:acute opening wedge correction using a plate and gradual correction with a monolateral external fixator.AIM To compare of the radiological results of two different techniques:acute opening wedge correction(a plate and screw)and gradual correction(external fixator).METHODS A total of 43 patients with plates and 36 patients with external fixators were included.All patients had moderate uniplanar varus deformities.We measured radiographic parameters,including the mechanical axis deviation(MAD),medial proximal tibial angle(MPTA),Caton-Deschamps Index(CDI),posterior proximal tibial angle,and joint line obliquity angle(JLOA).The accuracy of MAD correction was calculated based on a correction goal of neutral or overcorrection for medial compartment arthritis.RESULTS Demographics including age,body mass index,sex,and preoperative deformities were similar between the groups.The MAD significantly improved from 23.6 mm medial to the midline(SD=8.2 mm)to 6.9 mm lateral to the midline(SD=5.4 mm)(P<0.001).The accuracy of MAD correction did not differ between the groups and was 96.1%(SD=8.1%)in the plate group and 98.2%(SD=5.2%)in the external fixator group(P=0.18).The MPTA significantly improved from 83.9°(SD=2.9°)to 90.9°(SD=3.3°)(P<0.001),and the change was similar between the groups.Differences were noted in patella height,with a CDI change of-19.2%(SD=13.7%)and 3.1%(SD=8.0%)for the plate and external fixator groups,respectively(P<0.001).The change in JLOA was 1.6 degrees(SD=1.1 degrees)and 0.9 degrees(SD=0.9 degrees)for the plate and external fixator groups,respectively(P=0.04).CONCLUSION Reliable correction of moderate varus alignment was achieved with both the acute opening wedge technique with a plate and the gradual monolateral external fixator technique.The patellar height decreased with the open wedge plate technique.Joint line obliquity decreased to a greater degree with the open wedge plate technique,perhaps as a result of medial collateral ligament release.The appropriate technique should be selected based on surgeon and patient preferences;however,external fixation may be a better choice when the preservation of patellar height is deemed important.
基金funding from the National Eye Institute (R01EY022409)the Craig H. Neilsen Foundation (296098)+2 种基金the Wings for Life Foundation (WFL-US-028/14)the New York State Spinal Cord Injury Research Trust Fundthe Burke Foundation
文摘The functional regeneration of damaged axons and severed connections in the mature central nervous system(CNS)remains a challenging goal of neurological research.Mature CNS neurons are refractory to axon regeneration for two major reasons,one,because the activity of cell-intrinsic mechanisms that drive axon
文摘A 2-step culture system was designed and tested for the in vitro maturation efficiency of oocytes from pre-puberty preantral follicles of FVB/N inbred mice. The following modifications were made: 1) The concentration of ITS was reduced by half in the basal MIF medium to minimize uncoordinated growth between oocyte and GC cells;2) Heterogeneous preantral follicles were cultured in groups of 3 - 5 follicles in hanging drops of medium with reduced concentration of ITS for six days to induction follicular aggregation. This hanging drop method mimics a 3-D IVM culture system at the early stage of cultivation in which the sphere structure of each follicle is well maintained. It also enables follicles in each aggregate to communicate with each other, synchronize their growth, and thus prevent immature follicular rupture. 3) Medium was further supplemented with retinoic acid to enhance developmental capacity of meiotically arrested oocytes. After a 14-day culture in vitro, ~37% of the collected inbred preantral follicles completed nuclear maturation. Approximately 94% of the mature oocytes tested were able to be fertilized;and 77% of them developed into healthy embryos. These results demonstrate that our IVM system is reliable to produce a satisfactory number of high quality oocytes. In addition, multiple cytoplasmic parameters, including gene expression of key regulators, chromosome/spindle organization, mitochondrial proliferation and distribution, and total ATP content were explored to characterize the supportive and limiting components of our IVM system so that the culture system can be further optimized.
文摘男性不育症是泌尿男科常见而复杂的疾病,长期以来缺少有效的外科治疗方法。随着男性不育显微外科和辅助生殖技术的出现,男性不育症的治疗得到飞速发展。美国康奈尔大学医学院(Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University)引领了男性不育显微外科发展的方向和进程。男性不育显微外科从系统地引入中国到今天被大家普遍接受,经历了漫长的过程。男性不育显微外科在中国近15年经历了引入、兴起和繁荣3个阶段,目前中国多家医院相继开展男科显微外科手术,初步建立了男性不育显微外科治疗体系。然而,在中国,男性不育显微外科医生仍然缺乏严格规范的显微外科技术培训,缺乏统一的男性不育评估标准和手术效果的评估,缺乏详细的患者术后随访数据。本综述回顾了男性不育显微外科在中国的发展历程,肯定了男性不育显微外科在中国的发展,也指出了不足,建议今后在显微外科医生的正规培训、建立标准化的男性不育显微手术前后评估和随访流程、在国内开展大规模男性不育显微手术协作临床科学研究等方面加强工作,促进男性不育显微外科在中国发展。
