质量调整生命年(quality adjusted life years,QALYs)作为多维健康效用指标的1种,它在卫生经济学评价和疾病负担评价中的应用越来越广泛。目前,未见详细归纳阐述不同研究类型下QALYs测算方法的报道。该文主要探讨了QALYs计算的基本原理...质量调整生命年(quality adjusted life years,QALYs)作为多维健康效用指标的1种,它在卫生经济学评价和疾病负担评价中的应用越来越广泛。目前,未见详细归纳阐述不同研究类型下QALYs测算方法的报道。该文主要探讨了QALYs计算的基本原理和过程,并进一步归纳总结在具体研究中如何根据研究设计来选择合适的QALYs计算方法,以期为研究者提供参考依据,促进其在我国卫生领域研究中的应用。展开更多
Although plasticity in the neural system underlies working memory, and working memory can be improved by training, there is thus far no evidence that children with developmental dyslexia can benefit from working-memor...Although plasticity in the neural system underlies working memory, and working memory can be improved by training, there is thus far no evidence that children with developmental dyslexia can benefit from working-memory training. In the present study, thirty dyslexic children aged 8-11 years were recruited from an elementary school in Wuhan, China. They received working-memory training including training in visuospatial memory, verbal memory, and central executive tasks. The difficulty of the tasks was adjusted based on the performance of each subject, and the training sessions lasted 40 minutes per day, for 5 weeks. The results showed that working-memory training significantly enhanced performance on the nontrained working memory tasks such as the visuospatial, the verbal domains, and central executive tasks in children with developmental dyslexia. More importantly, the visual rhyming task and reading fluency task were also significantly improved by training. Progress on working memory measures was related to changes in reading skills. These experimental findings indicate that working memory is a pivotal factor in reading development among children with developmental dyslexia, and interventions to improve working memory may help dyslexic children to become more proficient in reading.展开更多
BACKGROUND Blonanserin(BNS)is a well-tolerated and effective drug for treating schizophrenia.AIM To investigate which types of patients would obtain the most benefit from BNS treatment.METHODS A total of 3306 particip...BACKGROUND Blonanserin(BNS)is a well-tolerated and effective drug for treating schizophrenia.AIM To investigate which types of patients would obtain the most benefit from BNS treatment.METHODS A total of 3306 participants were evaluated in a 12-week,prospective,multicenter,open-label post-marketing surveillance study of BNS.Brief psychiatric rating scale(BPRS)scores were calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of BNS,and its safety was assessed with the incidence of adverse drug reactions.Linear regression was used to screen the influencing factors for the reduction of BPRS total score,and logistic regression was used to identify patients with a better response to BNS.RESULTS The baseline BPRS total score(48.8±15.03)decreased to 27.7±10.08 at 12 weeks(P<0.001).Extrapyramidal symptoms(14.6%)were found to be the most frequent adverse drug reactions.The acute phase,baseline BPRS total score,current episode duration,number of previous episodes,dose of concomitant antipsychotics,and number of types of sedative-hypnotic agents were found to be independent factors affecting the reduction of BPRS total score after treatment initiation.Specifically,patients in the acute phase with baseline BPRS total score≥45,current episode duration<3 months,and≤3 previous episodes derived greater benefit from 12-week treatment with BNS.CONCLUSION Patients in the acute phase with more severe symptoms,shorter current episode duration,fewer previous episodes,and a lower psychotropic drug load derived the greatest benefit from treatment with BNS.展开更多
文摘质量调整生命年(quality adjusted life years,QALYs)作为多维健康效用指标的1种,它在卫生经济学评价和疾病负担评价中的应用越来越广泛。目前,未见详细归纳阐述不同研究类型下QALYs测算方法的报道。该文主要探讨了QALYs计算的基本原理和过程,并进一步归纳总结在具体研究中如何根据研究设计来选择合适的QALYs计算方法,以期为研究者提供参考依据,促进其在我国卫生领域研究中的应用。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30872132
文摘Although plasticity in the neural system underlies working memory, and working memory can be improved by training, there is thus far no evidence that children with developmental dyslexia can benefit from working-memory training. In the present study, thirty dyslexic children aged 8-11 years were recruited from an elementary school in Wuhan, China. They received working-memory training including training in visuospatial memory, verbal memory, and central executive tasks. The difficulty of the tasks was adjusted based on the performance of each subject, and the training sessions lasted 40 minutes per day, for 5 weeks. The results showed that working-memory training significantly enhanced performance on the nontrained working memory tasks such as the visuospatial, the verbal domains, and central executive tasks in children with developmental dyslexia. More importantly, the visual rhyming task and reading fluency task were also significantly improved by training. Progress on working memory measures was related to changes in reading skills. These experimental findings indicate that working memory is a pivotal factor in reading development among children with developmental dyslexia, and interventions to improve working memory may help dyslexic children to become more proficient in reading.
文摘BACKGROUND Blonanserin(BNS)is a well-tolerated and effective drug for treating schizophrenia.AIM To investigate which types of patients would obtain the most benefit from BNS treatment.METHODS A total of 3306 participants were evaluated in a 12-week,prospective,multicenter,open-label post-marketing surveillance study of BNS.Brief psychiatric rating scale(BPRS)scores were calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of BNS,and its safety was assessed with the incidence of adverse drug reactions.Linear regression was used to screen the influencing factors for the reduction of BPRS total score,and logistic regression was used to identify patients with a better response to BNS.RESULTS The baseline BPRS total score(48.8±15.03)decreased to 27.7±10.08 at 12 weeks(P<0.001).Extrapyramidal symptoms(14.6%)were found to be the most frequent adverse drug reactions.The acute phase,baseline BPRS total score,current episode duration,number of previous episodes,dose of concomitant antipsychotics,and number of types of sedative-hypnotic agents were found to be independent factors affecting the reduction of BPRS total score after treatment initiation.Specifically,patients in the acute phase with baseline BPRS total score≥45,current episode duration<3 months,and≤3 previous episodes derived greater benefit from 12-week treatment with BNS.CONCLUSION Patients in the acute phase with more severe symptoms,shorter current episode duration,fewer previous episodes,and a lower psychotropic drug load derived the greatest benefit from treatment with BNS.
