Oxygen sensing technology was employed to study the rapid methods for seed vigor assessment of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and Masson pine (Pinus massoniana). Firstly, seeds of five lots were performed using...Oxygen sensing technology was employed to study the rapid methods for seed vigor assessment of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and Masson pine (Pinus massoniana). Firstly, seeds of five lots were performed using accelerated aging (AA) into three vigor levels. Then, four oxygen sensing indices, including increased metabolism time (IMT), oxygen metabolism rate (OMR), critical oxygen pressure (COP), relative germination time (RGT) and the control indices such as laboratory germination indices, dehydrogenase activity (DA), and electrical conductivity (EC) were analyzed by the tests of 15 samples. The results of correlation analysis between these indices and field emergence performances based on two-year and two-spot data showed that RGT and OMR should be indicated as the optimal oxygen sensing indices to rap- idly and automatically evaluate seed vigor of Chinese fir and Masson pine, respectively. On the basis, one-variable linear regression equations were built to forecast their field emergence performances by the two oxygen sensing indices.展开更多
The tea tree [Camellia sinensis (L) Kuntze] is one of the world’s economic crops. It is an especially important crop for southern China. Environmental factors related to the tea yield and quality in some high mountai...The tea tree [Camellia sinensis (L) Kuntze] is one of the world’s economic crops. It is an especially important crop for southern China. Environmental factors related to the tea yield and quality in some high mountain areas of China are identified in this paper. These factors are: geology, topography, climate, hydrology, soil and vegetation. Climatological factors are the most important. Using data collected from meteorological stations which are situated at the summit and the base of high mountains, this paper discusses ecological climatic problems in growing tea in China. The ecological climatic characteristics of the famous tea areas mainly included are as follows: more . amounts of clouds and fog, less percentage of sunshine, abundant rainfall and high relative humidity in the air, temperatures that rise and fall slowly, daily and annual temperature ranges that are smaller, more days that are suitable for tea growing and low wind speeds in the lee-sides and valleys of mountains. All of these展开更多
It is reported that fermentative liquids with various concentrations of La and Nd affect the fer-mentation of alginic acid from the strain 342 of Azotobacter vinelandii.The results are as follows:When theconcentration...It is reported that fermentative liquids with various concentrations of La and Nd affect the fer-mentation of alginic acid from the strain 342 of Azotobacter vinelandii.The results are as follows:When theconcentration of La or Nd was up to 100 ppm,the cell growth is stimulated and the production of alginic acidis promoted.The La or Nd in concentration higher than 200 ppm or 150 ppm inhibits the fermentation,respectively.As the concentration range of La is 0～100 ppm or that of Nd is 0～150 ppm,the yield of fixednitrogen increases,and the ratio of c_M to c_G(c_M/c_G)decreases with the raise of the concentration of La orNd.When the concentration range of La is 100～400 ppm and that of Nd is 150～400 ppm,the conclusion iscontrary to the above mentioned result.展开更多
CH<sub>4</sub> emission rates have been measured continuously for the early rice of 1988 and late rices of 1987and 1988 during entire growing seasons in a rice paddy field in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,Chi...CH<sub>4</sub> emission rates have been measured continuously for the early rice of 1988 and late rices of 1987and 1988 during entire growing seasons in a rice paddy field in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,China,byusing an automatic sampling and analyzing system.During most parts of the seasons CH<sub>4</sub> emission ratesshowed strong diurnal variations.Bi-mode patterns with the highest value in the afternoon and a secondpeak at mid-night were generally found for the early rice,while the highest values were almost always foundin the night for the late rice.Bi-mode patterns with a second peak in the afternoon were also found duringthe reproductive phase of the late rice plants.These diurnal variations may be explained by the diurnalvariations of the soil temperature and the activity of rice plants.Strong seasonal variations with one peakin the tillering stage and two during the reproductive phase of rice plants were observed for all the threegrowing seasons.The seasonal variations may be explained by the activity of rice plants,availability oforganic substrates in the soil,and the activity of soil bacteria related to soil temperatures,Fertilizationdid not show significant effects on the total seasonal CH<sub>4</sub> emissions but slightly changed the pattern ofthe seasonal variations of the CH<sub>4</sub> emission rates.Averaged over the measuring periods and 8 spots,CH<sub>4</sub>emission rates of 7.8 mg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> for the early rice and 28.6 mg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> for the late rice were obtained.Based on these measured data,the total global emission of CH<sub>4</sub> from rice paddies is estimated to be about 90Tg/yr ranging from 70 to 110,accounting for 20% of the total source of CH<sub>4</sub>.展开更多
Using an F2 as the mapping population derived from indica Zhaiyeqing 8 and japonica Jingxi 17 of rice, a linkage map was constructed, which consisted of 54 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. By u...Using an F2 as the mapping population derived from indica Zhaiyeqing 8 and japonica Jingxi 17 of rice, a linkage map was constructed, which consisted of 54 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. By using the interval mapping procedure based on 2 flanking markers, 11 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were mapped for 4 traits: days to heading (Dth1), tiller angle (Ta1), spikelet number per panicle (Sn1, Sn2, Sn3) and spikelet density (Sdn1-Sdn6). An example was taken for QTL mapping of rice, and the interval mapping was shown to be able to detect the QTL located between 2 flanking markers. For a specific trait, more than one QTL could be found on one chromosome. Genetically related traits could be controlled by the same group of QTLs or polygenic system.展开更多
The use of DAPI (4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) as a DNA specific fluoresoent probe to cells or protoplasts of higher plants was limited by its difficulty of being transported across membrane. We, however, have rend...The use of DAPI (4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) as a DNA specific fluoresoent probe to cells or protoplasts of higher plants was limited by its difficulty of being transported across membrane. We, however, have rendered DAPI to permeate in protoplasts from the展开更多
This letter extends Wang Xinghua’s result published in the No. 19 issue （1979） of this journal to the case of H-B interpolation. Let H be the interpolation polynomial of degree n of a function f, where α0,…,
It was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and SEM that the shell of Anodonta woocliana wocdiana consists of internal layer (lamellar aragonites with 0.37 μm of spacing) and external layer (prismatic calcites with 25--...It was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and SEM that the shell of Anodonta woocliana wocdiana consists of internal layer (lamellar aragonites with 0.37 μm of spacing) and external layer (prismatic calcites with 25--82 μm in diameter), and that the boundaries between the prismatic calcite and the lamellar aragonite appear cellular (Fig. la, b). It was also found that there are some arch growing lines (Fig.展开更多
This letter extends the K-functional given by Johnen (Lecture Notes in Math., 571 (1977)) so that it may be applied to the study of simultaneous approximation of functions and their partial derivatives.
Let H（x） be the interpolation polynomial of degree n for function f, where the interpolation nodes a0, a1, …, an may be repeated, For the interpolation remainder and its
Using the K-functional tool introduced by Peetre, DeVore(Approximation Theory Π, 1976) obtained some linear approximation degrees. We have extended this K-functional tool so that it may be used to study the simultane...Using the K-functional tool introduced by Peetre, DeVore(Approximation Theory Π, 1976) obtained some linear approximation degrees. We have extended this K-functional tool so that it may be used to study the simultaneous approximation展开更多
The sex expression of Lagenaria siceraria can be modified by phytohormones. This modification is related to "a certain bisexual stage" during floral bud differentiation. ACC (ethylene precursor) and STS (eth...The sex expression of Lagenaria siceraria can be modified by phytohormones. This modification is related to "a certain bisexual stage" during floral bud differentiation. ACC (ethylene precursor) and STS (ethylene antagonist) can change the direction of sex differentiation of the floral buds in vitro. STS induces maleness by means of inhibiting ethylene action, directly promoting the development of the primordia of stamens, and then suppressing that of pistils. Hence, it can be deduced that ethylene induces femaleness by directly suppressing the development of the primordia of stamens and then promoting that of pistils. Such a regulation of the development of sexual organs is due to a change in the direction of assimilates to the pistils by ACC and to the stamens by STS. Therefore, ethylene induces femaleness by first limiting the sink strength of the stamens and then increasing that of the pistils.展开更多
Up to now, male germ units (MGUs)have been found in many angiosperms. This is an important advance in the studies of reproductive biology. However, there is little information on the interaction (the penetration and e...Up to now, male germ units (MGUs)have been found in many angiosperms. This is an important advance in the studies of reproductive biology. However, there is little information on the interaction (the penetration and exchange of substances) between vegetative nucleus (VN) and generative cell (GC) or sperm cells within MGUs. If there exists, what kind of substance Will it be and how will it work, and what physiological function will it have? This is a very important problem which needs to be solved as soon as possible.展开更多
Ⅰ. PRACTICAL BACKGROUND AND MAIN RESULTS Suppose that there exists a periodic wave with period T, where A1≠0 and ω= 2π/T.Then the distortion factor K（f） of f concerning the sinusoid-wave is defined
The magnetism and content of soil magnetic minerals are the foundation of the soil magnetic genesis research and the application of the soil magnetism to the applied geophysics, archaeology and the environmental scien...The magnetism and content of soil magnetic minerals are the foundation of the soil magnetic genesis research and the application of the soil magnetism to the applied geophysics, archaeology and the environmental science. According to Mssbauer spectra展开更多
The following theorems have improved the overall resalte summed up by Pak in §11 of his paper （35 （1980））. Let k,n∈{0,1,…}.Put △°λn=λn, △k+1λn=△kλn-△kλn+1 and En1-k=△kλn.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30800890)
文摘Oxygen sensing technology was employed to study the rapid methods for seed vigor assessment of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and Masson pine (Pinus massoniana). Firstly, seeds of five lots were performed using accelerated aging (AA) into three vigor levels. Then, four oxygen sensing indices, including increased metabolism time (IMT), oxygen metabolism rate (OMR), critical oxygen pressure (COP), relative germination time (RGT) and the control indices such as laboratory germination indices, dehydrogenase activity (DA), and electrical conductivity (EC) were analyzed by the tests of 15 samples. The results of correlation analysis between these indices and field emergence performances based on two-year and two-spot data showed that RGT and OMR should be indicated as the optimal oxygen sensing indices to rap- idly and automatically evaluate seed vigor of Chinese fir and Masson pine, respectively. On the basis, one-variable linear regression equations were built to forecast their field emergence performances by the two oxygen sensing indices.
文摘The tea tree [Camellia sinensis (L) Kuntze] is one of the world’s economic crops. It is an especially important crop for southern China. Environmental factors related to the tea yield and quality in some high mountain areas of China are identified in this paper. These factors are: geology, topography, climate, hydrology, soil and vegetation. Climatological factors are the most important. Using data collected from meteorological stations which are situated at the summit and the base of high mountains, this paper discusses ecological climatic problems in growing tea in China. The ecological climatic characteristics of the famous tea areas mainly included are as follows: more . amounts of clouds and fog, less percentage of sunshine, abundant rainfall and high relative humidity in the air, temperatures that rise and fall slowly, daily and annual temperature ranges that are smaller, more days that are suitable for tea growing and low wind speeds in the lee-sides and valleys of mountains. All of these
文摘It is reported that fermentative liquids with various concentrations of La and Nd affect the fer-mentation of alginic acid from the strain 342 of Azotobacter vinelandii.The results are as follows:When theconcentration of La or Nd was up to 100 ppm,the cell growth is stimulated and the production of alginic acidis promoted.The La or Nd in concentration higher than 200 ppm or 150 ppm inhibits the fermentation,respectively.As the concentration range of La is 0～100 ppm or that of Nd is 0～150 ppm,the yield of fixednitrogen increases,and the ratio of c_M to c_G(c_M/c_G)decreases with the raise of the concentration of La orNd.When the concentration range of La is 100～400 ppm and that of Nd is 150～400 ppm,the conclusion iscontrary to the above mentioned result.
文摘CH<sub>4</sub> emission rates have been measured continuously for the early rice of 1988 and late rices of 1987and 1988 during entire growing seasons in a rice paddy field in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,China,byusing an automatic sampling and analyzing system.During most parts of the seasons CH<sub>4</sub> emission ratesshowed strong diurnal variations.Bi-mode patterns with the highest value in the afternoon and a secondpeak at mid-night were generally found for the early rice,while the highest values were almost always foundin the night for the late rice.Bi-mode patterns with a second peak in the afternoon were also found duringthe reproductive phase of the late rice plants.These diurnal variations may be explained by the diurnalvariations of the soil temperature and the activity of rice plants.Strong seasonal variations with one peakin the tillering stage and two during the reproductive phase of rice plants were observed for all the threegrowing seasons.The seasonal variations may be explained by the activity of rice plants,availability oforganic substrates in the soil,and the activity of soil bacteria related to soil temperatures,Fertilizationdid not show significant effects on the total seasonal CH<sub>4</sub> emissions but slightly changed the pattern ofthe seasonal variations of the CH<sub>4</sub> emission rates.Averaged over the measuring periods and 8 spots,CH<sub>4</sub>emission rates of 7.8 mg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> for the early rice and 28.6 mg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> for the late rice were obtained.Based on these measured data,the total global emission of CH<sub>4</sub> from rice paddies is estimated to be about 90Tg/yr ranging from 70 to 110,accounting for 20% of the total source of CH<sub>4</sub>.
文摘Using an F2 as the mapping population derived from indica Zhaiyeqing 8 and japonica Jingxi 17 of rice, a linkage map was constructed, which consisted of 54 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. By using the interval mapping procedure based on 2 flanking markers, 11 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were mapped for 4 traits: days to heading (Dth1), tiller angle (Ta1), spikelet number per panicle (Sn1, Sn2, Sn3) and spikelet density (Sdn1-Sdn6). An example was taken for QTL mapping of rice, and the interval mapping was shown to be able to detect the QTL located between 2 flanking markers. For a specific trait, more than one QTL could be found on one chromosome. Genetically related traits could be controlled by the same group of QTLs or polygenic system.
文摘The use of DAPI (4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) as a DNA specific fluoresoent probe to cells or protoplasts of higher plants was limited by its difficulty of being transported across membrane. We, however, have rendered DAPI to permeate in protoplasts from the
文摘This letter extends Wang Xinghua’s result published in the No. 19 issue （1979） of this journal to the case of H-B interpolation. Let H be the interpolation polynomial of degree n of a function f, where α0,…,
文摘It was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and SEM that the shell of Anodonta woocliana wocdiana consists of internal layer (lamellar aragonites with 0.37 μm of spacing) and external layer (prismatic calcites with 25--82 μm in diameter), and that the boundaries between the prismatic calcite and the lamellar aragonite appear cellular (Fig. la, b). It was also found that there are some arch growing lines (Fig.
文摘This letter extends the K-functional given by Johnen (Lecture Notes in Math., 571 (1977)) so that it may be applied to the study of simultaneous approximation of functions and their partial derivatives.
文摘Let H（x） be the interpolation polynomial of degree n for function f, where the interpolation nodes a0, a1, …, an may be repeated, For the interpolation remainder and its
文摘Using the K-functional tool introduced by Peetre, DeVore(Approximation Theory Π, 1976) obtained some linear approximation degrees. We have extended this K-functional tool so that it may be used to study the simultaneous approximation
基金Project supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province. Abbreviations: ABA, abscisic acid ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid+3 种基金 BA, N~6-benzyladenine ethephon, 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid GA_3, gibberellic acid ~3H-D
文摘The sex expression of Lagenaria siceraria can be modified by phytohormones. This modification is related to "a certain bisexual stage" during floral bud differentiation. ACC (ethylene precursor) and STS (ethylene antagonist) can change the direction of sex differentiation of the floral buds in vitro. STS induces maleness by means of inhibiting ethylene action, directly promoting the development of the primordia of stamens, and then suppressing that of pistils. Hence, it can be deduced that ethylene induces femaleness by directly suppressing the development of the primordia of stamens and then promoting that of pistils. Such a regulation of the development of sexual organs is due to a change in the direction of assimilates to the pistils by ACC and to the stamens by STS. Therefore, ethylene induces femaleness by first limiting the sink strength of the stamens and then increasing that of the pistils.
文摘Up to now, male germ units (MGUs)have been found in many angiosperms. This is an important advance in the studies of reproductive biology. However, there is little information on the interaction (the penetration and exchange of substances) between vegetative nucleus (VN) and generative cell (GC) or sperm cells within MGUs. If there exists, what kind of substance Will it be and how will it work, and what physiological function will it have? This is a very important problem which needs to be solved as soon as possible.
文摘Ⅰ. PRACTICAL BACKGROUND AND MAIN RESULTS Suppose that there exists a periodic wave with period T, where A1≠0 and ω= 2π/T.Then the distortion factor K（f） of f concerning the sinusoid-wave is defined
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The magnetism and content of soil magnetic minerals are the foundation of the soil magnetic genesis research and the application of the soil magnetism to the applied geophysics, archaeology and the environmental science. According to Mssbauer spectra
文摘The following theorems have improved the overall resalte summed up by Pak in §11 of his paper （35 （1980））. Let k,n∈{0,1,…}.Put △°λn=λn, △k+1λn=△kλn-△kλn+1 and En1-k=△kλn.
