Non-specific orbital inflammation(NSOI)is a noninfectious orbital inflammation.Although it is often considered the most common diagnosis in orbital biopsies,it is an exclusionary diagnosis that requires ruling out sys...Non-specific orbital inflammation(NSOI)is a noninfectious orbital inflammation.Although it is often considered the most common diagnosis in orbital biopsies,it is an exclusionary diagnosis that requires ruling out systemic disease or other possible causes.Its characteristics include acute orbital signs and symptoms,including pain,proptosis,periorbital edema,chemosis,diplopia,and visual impairment.The clinical manifestations and histological findings of NSOI are heterogeneous,without specific diagnostic criteria or treatment guidelines,which poses significant challenges for diagnosis and treatment.This guideline provides a detailed description of the definition,classification,diagnosis,and treatment of NSOI.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the protective effects of lipoic acid-niacin(N2 L) dimers against blue light(BL)-induced oxidative damage to human retinal pigment epithelium(hRPE) cells in vitro.METHODS: h RPE cells were divided int...AIM: To evaluate the protective effects of lipoic acid-niacin(N2 L) dimers against blue light(BL)-induced oxidative damage to human retinal pigment epithelium(hRPE) cells in vitro.METHODS: h RPE cells were divided into a control group(CG), a BL group, an N2 L plus BL irradiation group, an α-lipoic acid(ALA) plus BL group, an ALA-only group, and an N2 L-only group. hRPE cellular viability was detected by performing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium(MTT) bromide assays, and apoptosis was evaluated by annexin-V-PE/7-AAD staining followed by flow cytometry. Ultrastructural changes in subcellular organelles were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Reactive oxygen species formation was assayed by flow cytometry. The expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins BCL-2 associated X protein(BAX), B-cell leukmia/lymphoma 2(BCL-2), and caspase-3 were quantified by Western blot analysis.RESULTS: BL exposure with a light density of 4±0.5 mW/cm2 exceeding 6 h caused hRPE toxicity, whereas treatment with a high dose of N2 L(100 mol/L) or ALA(150 mol/L) maintained cell viability at control levels. BL exposure caused vacuole-like degeneration, mitochondrial swelling, and reduced microvillus formation;however, a high dose of N2 L or ALA maintained the ultrastructure of hRPE cells and their organelles. High doses of N2 L and ALA also protected hRPE cells from BL-induced apoptosis, which was confirmed by Western blot analysis: BCL-2 expression significantly increased, while BAX and caspase-3 expression slightly decreased compared to the CG.CONCLUSION: High-dose N2 L treatment(>100 mol/L) can reduce oxidative damage in degenerating hRPE cells exposed to BL with an efficacy similar to ALA.展开更多
●AIM:To analyze one year clinical outcomes and subjective rating of hybrid bi-aspheric multifocal central presbyLASIK with micro-monovision for correction of presbyopia and myopic astigmatism.●METHODS:Seventy-four e...●AIM:To analyze one year clinical outcomes and subjective rating of hybrid bi-aspheric multifocal central presbyLASIK with micro-monovision for correction of presbyopia and myopic astigmatism.●METHODS:Seventy-four eyes of 37 patients consecutively treated with presbyLASIK were assessed.The mean age of the patients was 43.8±3.0 y with a mean spherical equivalent refraction of-5.21±1.87 diopters(D)and mean astigmatism of-0.82±0.64 D.Visual acuity,manifest refraction,contrast sensitivity,aberrometry and patients’subjective rating were evaluated pre-and postoperatively.●RESULTS:At 1 y postoperatively(68 eyes of 34 patients),the mean spherical equivalent(SE)refraction in distance eyes was 0.06±0.05 D,whereas the achieved SE in near eyes was-0.83±0.05 D.Ninety-nine percent of eyes were within±0.50 D of target correction of SE.The binocular mean uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)was 0.00±0.18 logMAR(20/20).Sixty-four percent of patients achieved 0.0 logMAR(20/20)or better of UDVA and 0.1 logRAD or better of UNVA as well.There was a binocularly loss of one line CDVA after surgery for only one patient(3%,1/34)and no patient lost 2 lines.The changes in binocular contrast sensitivity(CS)in all test conditions were not significant at any frequency after surgery.The changes of entire eye total higher order aberrations(tHOA)and spherical aberrations(SA)significantly higher in near eyes than in distance eyes.The overall satisfaction score for surgery was 93±8.●CONCLUSION:The hybrid bi-aspheric multifocal central presby LASIK with micro-monovision appears to be an efficacious option for myopic presbyopes.One year postoperative outcomes in a relatively young presbyopia population indicate improvements in both far and near vision with high satisfaction.展开更多
Purpose:.To examine the relationship between corneal inflammation and corneal lymphangiogenesis after keratoplasty.Methods:.Rat corneal lymphangiogenesis was examined by lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor(LYVE-1) i...Purpose:.To examine the relationship between corneal inflammation and corneal lymphangiogenesis after keratoplasty.Methods:.Rat corneal lymphangiogenesis was examined by lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor(LYVE-1) immunohistochemistry and whole mount immunofluorescence at 1, 3, 7,10, and 14 days after corneal transplantation. Corneal inflammation was evaluated by inflammation index(IF) grading and NF-κB immunohistochemistry at the same time points. The association between lymphatic vessel counting(LVC) and the IF scores was then examined.Results:.LYVE-1 positive lymphatic vessels occurred in the corneal stroma on day 3,.developed throughout days 7 and10,.and peaked in number at day 14 after keratoplasty.Corneal inflammation was strong on day 3, and then resolved gradually,.but increased again from days 7 to 14 after the transplantation..LVC was strongly and positively correlated with IF after keratoplasty(r=0.41;P<0.05). However, changes in IF scores and LVC were not parallel.Conclusion:.A close,.but not parallel,.relationship was found between corneal lymphangiogenesis and corneal inflammation after corneal transplantation.展开更多
Dear Editor,I am Dr.Yi Liu from Department of Ophthalmology,Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing,China.I write to present a case of severe corneal acid-burn...Dear Editor,I am Dr.Yi Liu from Department of Ophthalmology,Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing,China.I write to present a case of severe corneal acid-burn injury and describe a novel surgery namely,deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty(DLEK)and anterior lamellar keratoplasty(ALK)with limbal allograft(LA).展开更多
Background The form deprivation （FD） reduces spatial contrasts and induces myopia. Nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） are involved in visual signal transmission. This study investigated changes...Background The form deprivation （FD） reduces spatial contrasts and induces myopia. Nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） are involved in visual signal transmission. This study investigated changes in nitric oxide synthase （NOS） activity and cGMP concentration in ocular tissues in acute and chronic form deprivation myopia. Methods Guinea pigs had one eye covered by translucent glass for 7, 14 or 21 days. Untreated litter mates were used as controls. NOS activity and cGMP concentrations in the retinal, choroidal and scleral tissues of FD eyes and control eyes were analyzed by radioimmunoassay after various durations of FD. The expression of NOS subtypes was identified by immunohistochemistry. Results Myopia was successfully induced in FD eyes after 14 days. Compared with control groups, the retinal NOS activity and cGMP concentrations in the FD eyes significantly increased after 14 and 21 days while the retinal NOS activity in the FD eyes was transiently suppressed by 7 days of FD. The NOS activity and cGMP concentrations of choroid and sclera in the FD eyes were higher than in the control groups at 21 days. The three isoenzymes of nitric oxide synthase were detected in the ocular tissues of guinea pigs. Conclusions The NOS activity and cGMP concentrations were upregulated after chronic FD and the retinal NOS activity was transiently suppressed at acute FD. The function of elevated NOS activity may be mediated by cGMP.展开更多
Background T-cell receptor （TCR） plays an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases. Recently, it was reported that immunization of animals with TCR peptide derived from the pathogenic cells could pre...Background T-cell receptor （TCR） plays an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases. Recently, it was reported that immunization of animals with TCR peptide derived from the pathogenic cells could prevent autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether vaccination with a synthetic peptide from the hypervariable region of TCR Vβ 8.3, an experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis （EAU）-associated gene, was able to prevent the disease. Methods EAU was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with IRBP R16 peptide emulsified in complete Freund＇s adjuvant （CFA）. The clinical and histological appearances were scored. Delayed type hypersensitivity （DTH） and lymphocyte proliferation were detected. Cytokine levels of aqueous humour, supernatants of cells from spleen and draining lymph nodes were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Gene expression of TCR Vβ8.3 on CD4^＋ T cells was examined by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Results After vaccination, the intraocular inflammation was significantly mitigated, antigen specific DTH and lymphocyte proliferation responses were suppressed, interleukin （IL）-2 in aqueous humour, interferon （IFN）-γ and IL-2 produced by the spleen and draining lymph node cells were significantly decreased, whereas the production of IL-4 and IL-10 were increased. The response of draining lymph node cells to TCR Vβ 8.3 peptide was enhanced after vaccination. Inoculation with CFA alone did not affect the severity of EAU and the above parameters. The suppression of EAU was much stronger in the group of four fold inoculations than the group of two fold inoculations. The expression of TCR Vβ 8.3 gene was significantly reduced in the group of fourfold inoculations. Conclusion Vaccination with the synthetic TCR Vβ 8.3 peptide could remarkably inhibit the development of EAU.展开更多
Medical artificial intelligence(AI)is an important technical asset to support medical supply-side reforms and national development in the big data era.Clinical data from multiple disciplines represent building blocks ...Medical artificial intelligence(AI)is an important technical asset to support medical supply-side reforms and national development in the big data era.Clinical data from multiple disciplines represent building blocks for the development and application of AI-aided diagnostic and treatment systems based on medical big data.However,the inconsistent quality of these data resources in AI research leads to waste and inefficiencies.Therefore,it is crucial that the field formulatesthe requirements and content related to data processing as part of the development of intelligent medicine.To promote medical AI research worldwide,the“Belt and Road”International Ophthalmic Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Alliance will establish a series of expert recommendations for data quality in intelligent medicine.展开更多
The Human Genome Project opened an era of(epi)genomic research,and also provided a platform for the development of new sequencing technologies.During and after the project,several sequencing technologies continue to d...The Human Genome Project opened an era of(epi)genomic research,and also provided a platform for the development of new sequencing technologies.During and after the project,several sequencing technologies continue to dominate nucleic acid sequencing markets.Currently,Illumina(short-read),PacBio(long-read),and Oxford Nanopore(longread)are the most popular sequencing technologies.Unlike PacBio or the popular short-read sequencers before it,which,as examples of the second or so-called Next-Generation Sequencing platforms,need to synthesize when sequencing,nanopore technology directly sequences native DNA and RNA molecules.Nanopore sequencing,therefore,avoids converting mRNA into cDNA molecules,which not only allows for the sequencing of extremely long native DNA and full-length RNA molecules but also document modifications that have been made to those native DNA or RNA bases.In this review on direct DNA sequencing and direct RNA sequencing using Oxford Nanopore technology,we focus on their development and application achievements,discussing their challenges and future perspective.We also address the problems researchers may encounter applying these approaches in their research topics,and how to resolve them.展开更多
Background Menin is a ubiquitously expressed protein encoded by the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 （MEN1）gene. Besides its importance in endocrine organs, menin has been shown to interact with the mixed lineage...Background Menin is a ubiquitously expressed protein encoded by the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 （MEN1）gene. Besides its importance in endocrine organs, menin has been shown to interact with the mixed lineage leukemia （MLL） protein, a histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase, and plays a critical role in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis.Previous studies have shown that menin promotes transforming growth factor beta （TGF-β） signaling in endocrine cells.However, little is known regarding the impact of TGF-β pathway on menin in hematopoietic system. Here, with leukemia cell lines generated from conditional MEN1 or TGF-p receptor （TβRII） knockout mouse models, we investigated the possible cross-talk of these two pathways in leukemia cells.Methods MEN1 or TβRII conditional knockout mice were bred and the bone marrow cells were transduced with retroviruses expressing oncogeneic MLL-AF9 （a mixed lineage leukemia fusion protein） to generate two leukemia cell lines. Cell proliferation assays were performed to investigate the effect of TGF-β treatment on MLL-AF9 transformed leukemia cells with/without MEN1 or TβRII excision. Menin protein was detected with Western blotting and mRNA levels of cell proliferation-related genes Cyclin A2 and Cyclin E2 were examined with real-time RT-PCR for each treated sample.In vivo effect of TGF-p signal on menin expression was also investigated in mouse liver tissue after TβRII excision.Results TGF-β not only inhibited the proliferation of wild type MLL-AF9 transformed mouse bone marrow cells, but also up-regulated menin expression in these cells. Moreover, TGF-P failed to further inhibit the proliferation of Men1-null cells as compared to Men1-expressing control cells. Furthermore, excision of TβRII, a vital component in TGF-β signaling pathway, down-regulated menin expression in MLL-AF9 transformed mouse bone marrow cells. In vivo data also confirmed that menin expression was decreased in liver samples of conditional TβRII knockout mice after TβRII excision.Conclusion These results provided the first piece of evidence of cross-talk between menin and TGF-β signaling pathways in regulating proliferation of leukemia cells, suggesting that manipulating the cross-talk of the two pathways may lead to a novel therapy for leukemia.展开更多
Background:To determine the inter-visit variability of retinal blood flow velocities(BFVs)using a retinal function imager(RFI)in healthy young subjects.Methods:Twenty eyes of 20 healthy young subjects were enrolled.RF...Background:To determine the inter-visit variability of retinal blood flow velocities(BFVs)using a retinal function imager(RFI)in healthy young subjects.Methods:Twenty eyes of 20 healthy young subjects were enrolled.RFI imaging was performed to obtain the BFVs in retinal arterioles and venules in a field measuring 7.3×7.3 mm^(2)(setting:35 degrees)centered on the fovea,and repeated measurements were obtained on two separate days.The inter-visit variability of BFVs was assessed by the concordance correlation coefficient(CCC)and coefficient of variance(CV).Results:At the first visit,the mean BFV was 3.6±0.8 mm/s and 3.0±0.7 mm/s in arterioles and venules,respectively,which were not significantly different from those at the second visit(the BFV of arterioles was 3.5±0.8 mm/s,and the BFV of venules was 3.0±0.7 mm/s,P>0.05,respectively).The CCC was 0.72 in the BFVs of arterioles and 0.67 in venules,and the CV was 10.8%in the BFVs of arterioles and 11.0%in venules.Conclusion:The inter-visit variability using the retinal function imager(RFI)with a large field of view appeared to be good and comparable to previously reported intra-visit and inter-eye variability.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160195,No.82460203)Jiangxi Double-Thousand Plan High-Level Talent Project of Science and Technology Innovation(No.jxsq2023201036)Key R&D Program of Jiangxi Province(No.20223BBH80014).
文摘Non-specific orbital inflammation(NSOI)is a noninfectious orbital inflammation.Although it is often considered the most common diagnosis in orbital biopsies,it is an exclusionary diagnosis that requires ruling out systemic disease or other possible causes.Its characteristics include acute orbital signs and symptoms,including pain,proptosis,periorbital edema,chemosis,diplopia,and visual impairment.The clinical manifestations and histological findings of NSOI are heterogeneous,without specific diagnostic criteria or treatment guidelines,which poses significant challenges for diagnosis and treatment.This guideline provides a detailed description of the definition,classification,diagnosis,and treatment of NSOI.
基金Supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Province (No.2014J4100035 No.2014KP000071)
文摘AIM: To evaluate the protective effects of lipoic acid-niacin(N2 L) dimers against blue light(BL)-induced oxidative damage to human retinal pigment epithelium(hRPE) cells in vitro.METHODS: h RPE cells were divided into a control group(CG), a BL group, an N2 L plus BL irradiation group, an α-lipoic acid(ALA) plus BL group, an ALA-only group, and an N2 L-only group. hRPE cellular viability was detected by performing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium(MTT) bromide assays, and apoptosis was evaluated by annexin-V-PE/7-AAD staining followed by flow cytometry. Ultrastructural changes in subcellular organelles were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Reactive oxygen species formation was assayed by flow cytometry. The expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins BCL-2 associated X protein(BAX), B-cell leukmia/lymphoma 2(BCL-2), and caspase-3 were quantified by Western blot analysis.RESULTS: BL exposure with a light density of 4±0.5 mW/cm2 exceeding 6 h caused hRPE toxicity, whereas treatment with a high dose of N2 L(100 mol/L) or ALA(150 mol/L) maintained cell viability at control levels. BL exposure caused vacuole-like degeneration, mitochondrial swelling, and reduced microvillus formation;however, a high dose of N2 L or ALA maintained the ultrastructure of hRPE cells and their organelles. High doses of N2 L and ALA also protected hRPE cells from BL-induced apoptosis, which was confirmed by Western blot analysis: BCL-2 expression significantly increased, while BAX and caspase-3 expression slightly decreased compared to the CG.CONCLUSION: High-dose N2 L treatment(>100 mol/L) can reduce oxidative damage in degenerating hRPE cells exposed to BL with an efficacy similar to ALA.
文摘●AIM:To analyze one year clinical outcomes and subjective rating of hybrid bi-aspheric multifocal central presbyLASIK with micro-monovision for correction of presbyopia and myopic astigmatism.●METHODS:Seventy-four eyes of 37 patients consecutively treated with presbyLASIK were assessed.The mean age of the patients was 43.8±3.0 y with a mean spherical equivalent refraction of-5.21±1.87 diopters(D)and mean astigmatism of-0.82±0.64 D.Visual acuity,manifest refraction,contrast sensitivity,aberrometry and patients’subjective rating were evaluated pre-and postoperatively.●RESULTS:At 1 y postoperatively(68 eyes of 34 patients),the mean spherical equivalent(SE)refraction in distance eyes was 0.06±0.05 D,whereas the achieved SE in near eyes was-0.83±0.05 D.Ninety-nine percent of eyes were within±0.50 D of target correction of SE.The binocular mean uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)was 0.00±0.18 logMAR(20/20).Sixty-four percent of patients achieved 0.0 logMAR(20/20)or better of UDVA and 0.1 logRAD or better of UNVA as well.There was a binocularly loss of one line CDVA after surgery for only one patient(3%,1/34)and no patient lost 2 lines.The changes in binocular contrast sensitivity(CS)in all test conditions were not significant at any frequency after surgery.The changes of entire eye total higher order aberrations(tHOA)and spherical aberrations(SA)significantly higher in near eyes than in distance eyes.The overall satisfaction score for surgery was 93±8.●CONCLUSION:The hybrid bi-aspheric multifocal central presby LASIK with micro-monovision appears to be an efficacious option for myopic presbyopes.One year postoperative outcomes in a relatively young presbyopia population indicate improvements in both far and near vision with high satisfaction.
基金supported by China Natural Science Foundation(81070711)Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Projects(2012B031800456)+1 种基金Doctoral Program of the Ministry of Education(20110171120104)the Young Teachers Training Program of Sun Yat-sen University(11ykpy42)
文摘Purpose:.To examine the relationship between corneal inflammation and corneal lymphangiogenesis after keratoplasty.Methods:.Rat corneal lymphangiogenesis was examined by lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor(LYVE-1) immunohistochemistry and whole mount immunofluorescence at 1, 3, 7,10, and 14 days after corneal transplantation. Corneal inflammation was evaluated by inflammation index(IF) grading and NF-κB immunohistochemistry at the same time points. The association between lymphatic vessel counting(LVC) and the IF scores was then examined.Results:.LYVE-1 positive lymphatic vessels occurred in the corneal stroma on day 3,.developed throughout days 7 and10,.and peaked in number at day 14 after keratoplasty.Corneal inflammation was strong on day 3, and then resolved gradually,.but increased again from days 7 to 14 after the transplantation..LVC was strongly and positively correlated with IF after keratoplasty(r=0.41;P<0.05). However, changes in IF scores and LVC were not parallel.Conclusion:.A close,.but not parallel,.relationship was found between corneal lymphangiogenesis and corneal inflammation after corneal transplantation.
文摘Dear Editor,I am Dr.Yi Liu from Department of Ophthalmology,Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing,China.I write to present a case of severe corneal acid-burn injury and describe a novel surgery namely,deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty(DLEK)and anterior lamellar keratoplasty(ALK)with limbal allograft(LA).
基金This work was supported by a grant from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.C30572005)
文摘Background The form deprivation （FD） reduces spatial contrasts and induces myopia. Nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） are involved in visual signal transmission. This study investigated changes in nitric oxide synthase （NOS） activity and cGMP concentration in ocular tissues in acute and chronic form deprivation myopia. Methods Guinea pigs had one eye covered by translucent glass for 7, 14 or 21 days. Untreated litter mates were used as controls. NOS activity and cGMP concentrations in the retinal, choroidal and scleral tissues of FD eyes and control eyes were analyzed by radioimmunoassay after various durations of FD. The expression of NOS subtypes was identified by immunohistochemistry. Results Myopia was successfully induced in FD eyes after 14 days. Compared with control groups, the retinal NOS activity and cGMP concentrations in the FD eyes significantly increased after 14 and 21 days while the retinal NOS activity in the FD eyes was transiently suppressed by 7 days of FD. The NOS activity and cGMP concentrations of choroid and sclera in the FD eyes were higher than in the control groups at 21 days. The three isoenzymes of nitric oxide synthase were detected in the ocular tissues of guinea pigs. Conclusions The NOS activity and cGMP concentrations were upregulated after chronic FD and the retinal NOS activity was transiently suppressed at acute FD. The function of elevated NOS activity may be mediated by cGMP.
基金This study was supported by grants from Innovation Research Groups (No. 30321004) and Guangdong Famous Doctor Project (No. 2004, 199)
文摘Background T-cell receptor （TCR） plays an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases. Recently, it was reported that immunization of animals with TCR peptide derived from the pathogenic cells could prevent autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether vaccination with a synthetic peptide from the hypervariable region of TCR Vβ 8.3, an experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis （EAU）-associated gene, was able to prevent the disease. Methods EAU was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with IRBP R16 peptide emulsified in complete Freund＇s adjuvant （CFA）. The clinical and histological appearances were scored. Delayed type hypersensitivity （DTH） and lymphocyte proliferation were detected. Cytokine levels of aqueous humour, supernatants of cells from spleen and draining lymph nodes were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Gene expression of TCR Vβ8.3 on CD4^＋ T cells was examined by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Results After vaccination, the intraocular inflammation was significantly mitigated, antigen specific DTH and lymphocyte proliferation responses were suppressed, interleukin （IL）-2 in aqueous humour, interferon （IFN）-γ and IL-2 produced by the spleen and draining lymph node cells were significantly decreased, whereas the production of IL-4 and IL-10 were increased. The response of draining lymph node cells to TCR Vβ 8.3 peptide was enhanced after vaccination. Inoculation with CFA alone did not affect the severity of EAU and the above parameters. The suppression of EAU was much stronger in the group of four fold inoculations than the group of two fold inoculations. The expression of TCR Vβ 8.3 gene was significantly reduced in the group of fourfold inoculations. Conclusion Vaccination with the synthetic TCR Vβ 8.3 peptide could remarkably inhibit the development of EAU.
基金The Science and Technology Planning Projects of Guangdong Province(2018B010109008)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC0116500).
文摘Medical artificial intelligence(AI)is an important technical asset to support medical supply-side reforms and national development in the big data era.Clinical data from multiple disciplines represent building blocks for the development and application of AI-aided diagnostic and treatment systems based on medical big data.However,the inconsistent quality of these data resources in AI research leads to waste and inefficiencies.Therefore,it is crucial that the field formulatesthe requirements and content related to data processing as part of the development of intelligent medicine.To promote medical AI research worldwide,the“Belt and Road”International Ophthalmic Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Alliance will establish a series of expert recommendations for data quality in intelligent medicine.
基金supported by the Key-Areas Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B020220004)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2017399)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(202002030097)the Hong Kong Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme(AoE/M-403/16),the ECS(27204518)TRS of the HKSAR government(T21-705/20-N).
文摘The Human Genome Project opened an era of(epi)genomic research,and also provided a platform for the development of new sequencing technologies.During and after the project,several sequencing technologies continue to dominate nucleic acid sequencing markets.Currently,Illumina(short-read),PacBio(long-read),and Oxford Nanopore(longread)are the most popular sequencing technologies.Unlike PacBio or the popular short-read sequencers before it,which,as examples of the second or so-called Next-Generation Sequencing platforms,need to synthesize when sequencing,nanopore technology directly sequences native DNA and RNA molecules.Nanopore sequencing,therefore,avoids converting mRNA into cDNA molecules,which not only allows for the sequencing of extremely long native DNA and full-length RNA molecules but also document modifications that have been made to those native DNA or RNA bases.In this review on direct DNA sequencing and direct RNA sequencing using Oxford Nanopore technology,we focus on their development and application achievements,discussing their challenges and future perspective.We also address the problems researchers may encounter applying these approaches in their research topics,and how to resolve them.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health in USA （R01-CA-100912 and R01-CA-113962）, a Fellowship from China Scholarship Council and National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30600697）.Acknowledgement： We thank Dr. Harold Moses at Vanderbilt University for providing the mice with the floxed TβRII alleles.
文摘Background Menin is a ubiquitously expressed protein encoded by the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 （MEN1）gene. Besides its importance in endocrine organs, menin has been shown to interact with the mixed lineage leukemia （MLL） protein, a histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase, and plays a critical role in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis.Previous studies have shown that menin promotes transforming growth factor beta （TGF-β） signaling in endocrine cells.However, little is known regarding the impact of TGF-β pathway on menin in hematopoietic system. Here, with leukemia cell lines generated from conditional MEN1 or TGF-p receptor （TβRII） knockout mouse models, we investigated the possible cross-talk of these two pathways in leukemia cells.Methods MEN1 or TβRII conditional knockout mice were bred and the bone marrow cells were transduced with retroviruses expressing oncogeneic MLL-AF9 （a mixed lineage leukemia fusion protein） to generate two leukemia cell lines. Cell proliferation assays were performed to investigate the effect of TGF-β treatment on MLL-AF9 transformed leukemia cells with/without MEN1 or TβRII excision. Menin protein was detected with Western blotting and mRNA levels of cell proliferation-related genes Cyclin A2 and Cyclin E2 were examined with real-time RT-PCR for each treated sample.In vivo effect of TGF-p signal on menin expression was also investigated in mouse liver tissue after TβRII excision.Results TGF-β not only inhibited the proliferation of wild type MLL-AF9 transformed mouse bone marrow cells, but also up-regulated menin expression in these cells. Moreover, TGF-P failed to further inhibit the proliferation of Men1-null cells as compared to Men1-expressing control cells. Furthermore, excision of TβRII, a vital component in TGF-β signaling pathway, down-regulated menin expression in MLL-AF9 transformed mouse bone marrow cells. In vivo data also confirmed that menin expression was decreased in liver samples of conditional TβRII knockout mice after TβRII excision.Conclusion These results provided the first piece of evidence of cross-talk between menin and TGF-β signaling pathways in regulating proliferation of leukemia cells, suggesting that manipulating the cross-talk of the two pathways may lead to a novel therapy for leukemia.
基金support of this paper came from the National Key R&D Program of China to JY(2017YFC0112400 and 2017YFC0112402)in the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen Universitysupported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China to JY(81670826)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China to JY(2016A020215093)the Research Program of Sun Yat-sen University(5-5 Program),China to JY(3030901010080).
文摘Background:To determine the inter-visit variability of retinal blood flow velocities(BFVs)using a retinal function imager(RFI)in healthy young subjects.Methods:Twenty eyes of 20 healthy young subjects were enrolled.RFI imaging was performed to obtain the BFVs in retinal arterioles and venules in a field measuring 7.3×7.3 mm^(2)(setting:35 degrees)centered on the fovea,and repeated measurements were obtained on two separate days.The inter-visit variability of BFVs was assessed by the concordance correlation coefficient(CCC)and coefficient of variance(CV).Results:At the first visit,the mean BFV was 3.6±0.8 mm/s and 3.0±0.7 mm/s in arterioles and venules,respectively,which were not significantly different from those at the second visit(the BFV of arterioles was 3.5±0.8 mm/s,and the BFV of venules was 3.0±0.7 mm/s,P>0.05,respectively).The CCC was 0.72 in the BFVs of arterioles and 0.67 in venules,and the CV was 10.8%in the BFVs of arterioles and 11.0%in venules.Conclusion:The inter-visit variability using the retinal function imager(RFI)with a large field of view appeared to be good and comparable to previously reported intra-visit and inter-eye variability.
