Plant male reproduction is a fine-tuned developmental process that is susceptible to stressful environments and influences crop grain yields.Phytohormone signaling functions in control of plant normal growth and devel...Plant male reproduction is a fine-tuned developmental process that is susceptible to stressful environments and influences crop grain yields.Phytohormone signaling functions in control of plant normal growth and development as well as in response to external stresses,but the interaction or crosstalk among phytohormone signaling,stress response,and male reproduction in plants remains poorly understood.Cross-species comparison among 514 stress-response transcriptomic libraries revealed that ms33-6038,a genic male sterile mutant deficient in the Zm Ms33/Zm GPAT6 gene,displayed an excessive drought stress-like transcriptional reprogramming in anthers triggered mainly by disturbed jasmonic acid(JA)homeostasis.An increased level of JA appeared in Zm Ms33-deficient anthers at both meiotic and postmeiotic stages and activated genes involved in JA biosynthesis and signaling as well as genes functioning in JA-mediated drought response.Excessive accumulation of JA elevated expression level of a gene encoding a WRKY transcription factor that activated the Zm Ms33 promoter.These findings reveal a feedback loop of Zm Ms33-JA-WRKY-Zm Ms33 in controlling male sterility and JA-mediated stress response in maize,shedding light on the crosstalk of stress response and male sterility mediated by phytohormone homeostasis and signaling.展开更多
Sugar metabolism plays an essential role in plant male reproduction. Defects in sugar metabolism during anther and pollen development often result in genic male sterility(GMS). In this review, we summarize the recent ...Sugar metabolism plays an essential role in plant male reproduction. Defects in sugar metabolism during anther and pollen development often result in genic male sterility(GMS). In this review, we summarize the recent progresses of the sugar metabolism-related GMS genes and their roles during plant anther and pollen development, including callose wall and primexine formation, intine development, pollen maturation and starch accumulation, anther dehiscence, and pollen germination and tube growth. We predict 112 putative sugar metabolic GMS genes in maize based on bioinformatics and RNA-seq analyses, and most of them have peak expression patterns during middle or late anther developmental stages.Finally, we outline the potential applications of sugar metabolic GMS genes in crop hybrid breeding and seed production. This review will deepen our understanding on sugar metabolic pathways in controlling pollen development and male fertility in plants.展开更多
1.Introduction Global food security faces a severe challenge,as world population is predicted to grow by 25%and reach 10 billion by the mid-21 st century[1].With limited agricultural land and fresh water,greater and m...1.Introduction Global food security faces a severe challenge,as world population is predicted to grow by 25%and reach 10 billion by the mid-21 st century[1].With limited agricultural land and fresh water,greater and more sustainable crop production needs to be achieved by use of modern agricultural technologies[2,3].Among these are developing and exploiting more efficient heterosis utilization strategy with male sterile lines for hybrid breeding and seed production.展开更多
Plant cell elongation depends on well-defined gene regulations,adequate nutrients,and timely cell wall modifications.Anther size is positively correlated with the number and viability of pollen grains,while little is ...Plant cell elongation depends on well-defined gene regulations,adequate nutrients,and timely cell wall modifications.Anther size is positively correlated with the number and viability of pollen grains,while little is known about molecular mechanisms underlying anther cell elongation.Here,we found that properly activated cell elongation regulators at transcriptional levels in loss-of-function ZmMs33 mutant(ms33-6038)anthers failed to promote maize anther elongation.ZmMs33 deficiency disrupted metabolic homeostasis mainly by inhibiting both photosynthesis in anther endothecium and lipid accumulation in anther tapetum.Importantly,ms33-6038 anthers displayed ectopic,premature and excessive secondary cell wall thickening in anther middle layer,which constrained cell elongation structurally and blocked nutrient flows across different anther wall layers.The metabolic disorder was only found in ms33-6038 mutant rather than several representative male-sterility lines at transcriptional and post-translational levels.Collectively,the disordered metabolisms and blocked nutrient flows defeated the activated cell elongation regulators,and finally inhibited anther elongation and growth with a unique‘‘idling effect”in ms33-6038 mutant.展开更多
Anther development is a programmed biological process crucial to plant male reproduction. Genomewide analyses on the functions of transcriptional factor(TF) genes and their microRNA(miRNA) regulators contributing to a...Anther development is a programmed biological process crucial to plant male reproduction. Genomewide analyses on the functions of transcriptional factor(TF) genes and their microRNA(miRNA) regulators contributing to anther development have not been comprehensively performed in maize. Here, using published RNA-Seq and small RNA-Seq(sRNA-Seq) data from maize anthers at ten developmental stages in three genic male-sterility(GMS) mutants(ocl4, mac1, and ms23) and wild type W23, as well as newly sequenced maize anther transcriptomes of ms7-6007 and lob30 GMS mutants and their WT lines, we analyzed and found 1079 stage-differentially expressed(stage-DE) TF genes that can be grouped into six(premeiotic, meiotic, postmeiotic, premeiotic-meiotic, premeiotic-postmeiotic, and meiotic-postmeiotic clusters) expression clusters. Functional enrichment combined with cytological and physiological analyses revealed specific functions of genes in each expression cluster. In addition, 118 stage-DE miRNAs and99 miRNA-TF gene pairs were identified in maize anthers. Further analyses revealed the regulatory roles of zma-miR319 and zma-miR159 as well as ZmMs7 and ZmLOB30 on ZmGAMYB expression. Moreover,ZmGAMYB and its paralog ZmGAMYB-2 were demonstrated as novel maize GMS genes by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout analysis. These results extend our understanding on the functions of miRNA-TF gene regulatory pairs and GMS TF genes contributing to male fertility in plants.展开更多
Fatty acids and their derivatives are essential building blocks for anther cuticle and pollen wall formation.Disruption of lipid metabolism during anther and pollen development often leads to genic male sterility(GMS)...Fatty acids and their derivatives are essential building blocks for anther cuticle and pollen wall formation.Disruption of lipid metabolism during anther and pollen development often leads to genic male sterility(GMS).To date,many lipid metabolism-related GMS genes that are involved in the formation of anther cuticle,pollen wall,and subcellular organelle membranes in anther wall layers have been identified and characterized.In this review,we summarize recent progress on characterizing lipid metabolism-related genes and their roles in male fertility and other aspects of reproductive development in plants.On the basis of cloned GMS genes controlling biosynthesis and transport of anther cutin,wax,sporopollenin,and tryphine\r\Arabidopsis,rice,and maize as well as other plant species,updated lipid metabolic networks underlying anther cuticle development and pollen wall formation were proposed.Through bioinformatics analysis of anther RNA-sequencing datasets from three maize inbred lines(Oh43,W23,and B73),a total of 125 novel lipid metabolism-related genes putatively involved in male fertility in maize were deduced.More,we discuss the pathways regulating lipid metabolism-related GMS genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.Finally,we highlight recent findings on lipid metabolism-related genes and their roles in other aspects of plant reproductive development.A comprehensive understanding of lipid metabolism,genes involved,and their roles in plant reproductive development will facilitate the application of lipid metabolism-related genes in gene editing,haploid and callus induction,molecular breeding and hybrid seed production in crops.展开更多
Genic male sterility(GMS)is critical for heterosis utilization and hybrid seed production.Although GMS mutants and genes have been studied extensively in plants,it has remained unclear whether chloroplast-associated p...Genic male sterility(GMS)is critical for heterosis utilization and hybrid seed production.Although GMS mutants and genes have been studied extensively in plants,it has remained unclear whether chloroplast-associated photosynthetic and metabolic activities are involved in the regulation of anther development.In this study,we characterized the function of ZmMs33/ZmGPAT6,which encodes a member of the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase(GPAT)family that catalyzes the first step of the glycerolipid synthetic pathway.We found that normal structure and function of endothecium(En)chloroplasts maintained by ZmMs33-mediated lipid biosynthesis in tapetal cells are crucial for maize anther development.ZmMs33 is expressed mainly in the tapetum at early anther developmental stages and critical for cell proliferation and expansion at late stages.Chloroplasts in En cells of wild-type anthers function as starch storage sites before stage 10 but as photosynthetic factories since stage 10 to enable starch metabolism and carbohydrate supply.Loss of ZmMs33 function inhibits the biosynthesis of glycolipids and phospholipids,which are major components of En chloroplast membranes,and disrupts the development and function of En chloroplasts,resulting in the formation of abnormal En chloroplasts containing numerous starch granules.Further analyses reveal that starch synthesis during the day and starch degradation at night are greatly suppressed in the mutant anthers,leading to carbon starvation and low energy status,as evidenced by low trehalose-6-phosphate content and a reduced ATP/AMP ratio.The energy sensor and inducer of autophagy,SnRK1,was activated to induce early and excessive autophagy,premature PCD,and metabolic reprogramming in tapetal cells,finally arresting the elongation and development of mutant anthers.Taken together,our results not only show that ZmMs33 is required for normal structure and function of En chloroplasts but also reveal that starch metabolism and photosynthetic activities of En chloroplasts at different developmental stages are essential for normal anther development.These findings provide novel insights for understanding how lipid biosynthesis in the tapetum,the structure and function of En chloroplasts,and energy and substance metabolism are coordinated to maintain maize anther development.展开更多
Because of its significance for plant male fertility and,hence,direct impact on crop yield,pollen exine development has inspired decades of scientific inquiry.However,the molecularmechanismunderlying exine formation a...Because of its significance for plant male fertility and,hence,direct impact on crop yield,pollen exine development has inspired decades of scientific inquiry.However,the molecularmechanismunderlying exine formation and thickness remains elusive.In this study,we identified that a previously unrecognized repressor,ZmMS1/ZmLBD30,controls proper pollen exine development in maize.Using an ms1 mutant with aberrantly thickened exine,we cloned a male-sterility gene,ZmMs1,which encodes a tapetum-specific lateral organ boundary domain transcription factor,ZmLBD30.Weshowed thatZmMs1/ZmLBD30 is initially turned on by a transcriptional activation cascade of ZmbHLH51-ZmMYB84-ZmMS7,and then it serves as a repressor to shut down this cascade via feedback repression to ensure timely tapetal degeneration and proper level of exine.This activation-feedback repression loop regulating male fertility is conserved in maize and sorghum,and similar regulatory mechanism may also exist in other flowering plants such as rice and Arabidopsis.Collectively,these findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of pollen exine development by which a long-sought master repressor of upstream activators prevents excessive exine formation.展开更多
APPLICABLE CROP DGMS TECHNOLOGY IN THE POST-HETEROSIS UTILIZATION ERA,The global population is predicted to grow by 25%and reach 10 billion by the mid-21st century(Hickey et al.,2019).To meet the food demands of the g...APPLICABLE CROP DGMS TECHNOLOGY IN THE POST-HETEROSIS UTILIZATION ERA,The global population is predicted to grow by 25%and reach 10 billion by the mid-21st century(Hickey et al.,2019).To meet the food demands of the growing population with limited agricultural land and fresh water resources,greater and more consistent crop production under fluctuating climate conditions,including various environmental stresses,must be achieved by reducing resource inputs and minimizing environmental impacts(Bailey-Serres et al.t 2019).Thanks to the extensive use of semi-dwarf Green Revolution varieties and single-cross hybrids of major crops(e.g.,rice and maize),grain yield has increased steeply over the past 60 years(Figure 1A and 1B).For example。展开更多
Amino acid intake plays a crucial role in the Warburg effect of cancer.Gut microbes can regulate intestinal amino acid metabolism.However,it is still unknown whether probiotic therapy can protect the host from intesti...Amino acid intake plays a crucial role in the Warburg effect of cancer.Gut microbes can regulate intestinal amino acid metabolism.However,it is still unknown whether probiotic therapy can protect the host from intestinal tumor invasion by reducing amino acid intake.With in vitro methods,three acid-tolerant strains from fermented pickles were screened out.Using azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon cancer models,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus brevis CLB3,Lactobacillus plantarum XLP,and Lactobacillus johnsonii CM on model mice.Their functional mechanisms were further explained through anatomy section,quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),Western blot,and immunohistochemical staining analyses as well as database mining and gut culturomics.The Lactobacillus brevis(L.brevis)CLB3 treatment significantly improved the clinical signs and symptoms of colon cancer,alleviated colon damage,and inhibited colon carcinogenesis in mice.In addition,this treatment significantly increased gut cultivable Lactobacillus abundance,inhibited the expression and translation levels of the tumor metabolism-related solute carrier(SLC)amino acid transporter including SLC7A5 and SLC7A11,lowered circulating interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-17A(IL-17A)levels,and improved the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and cancer proliferation factors.These findings suggest that L.brevis CLB3 can reduce amino acid transport,inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling and enhance intestinal anti-tumor immune responses,which provides a potential targeting amino acid transporter strategy for preventing colorectal cancer.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFF1000302,2022YFF1003500, and 2022YFF1002400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (FRF-IDRY-20-038 and 06500136)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971958)。
文摘Plant male reproduction is a fine-tuned developmental process that is susceptible to stressful environments and influences crop grain yields.Phytohormone signaling functions in control of plant normal growth and development as well as in response to external stresses,but the interaction or crosstalk among phytohormone signaling,stress response,and male reproduction in plants remains poorly understood.Cross-species comparison among 514 stress-response transcriptomic libraries revealed that ms33-6038,a genic male sterile mutant deficient in the Zm Ms33/Zm GPAT6 gene,displayed an excessive drought stress-like transcriptional reprogramming in anthers triggered mainly by disturbed jasmonic acid(JA)homeostasis.An increased level of JA appeared in Zm Ms33-deficient anthers at both meiotic and postmeiotic stages and activated genes involved in JA biosynthesis and signaling as well as genes functioning in JA-mediated drought response.Excessive accumulation of JA elevated expression level of a gene encoding a WRKY transcription factor that activated the Zm Ms33 promoter.These findings reveal a feedback loop of Zm Ms33-JA-WRKY-Zm Ms33 in controlling male sterility and JA-mediated stress response in maize,shedding light on the crosstalk of stress response and male sterility mediated by phytohormone homeostasis and signaling.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0100806,2017YFD0101201 and 2017YFD0102001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871702,31971958 and 31771875)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(06500136)the Beijing Science&Technology Plan Program(Z191100004019005)。
文摘Sugar metabolism plays an essential role in plant male reproduction. Defects in sugar metabolism during anther and pollen development often result in genic male sterility(GMS). In this review, we summarize the recent progresses of the sugar metabolism-related GMS genes and their roles during plant anther and pollen development, including callose wall and primexine formation, intine development, pollen maturation and starch accumulation, anther dehiscence, and pollen germination and tube growth. We predict 112 putative sugar metabolic GMS genes in maize based on bioinformatics and RNA-seq analyses, and most of them have peak expression patterns during middle or late anther developmental stages.Finally, we outline the potential applications of sugar metabolic GMS genes in crop hybrid breeding and seed production. This review will deepen our understanding on sugar metabolic pathways in controlling pollen development and male fertility in plants.
文摘1.Introduction Global food security faces a severe challenge,as world population is predicted to grow by 25%and reach 10 billion by the mid-21 st century[1].With limited agricultural land and fresh water,greater and more sustainable crop production needs to be achieved by use of modern agricultural technologies[2,3].Among these are developing and exploiting more efficient heterosis utilization strategy with male sterile lines for hybrid breeding and seed production.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000302)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(06500136)the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities)(FRF-IDRY-20-038).
文摘Plant cell elongation depends on well-defined gene regulations,adequate nutrients,and timely cell wall modifications.Anther size is positively correlated with the number and viability of pollen grains,while little is known about molecular mechanisms underlying anther cell elongation.Here,we found that properly activated cell elongation regulators at transcriptional levels in loss-of-function ZmMs33 mutant(ms33-6038)anthers failed to promote maize anther elongation.ZmMs33 deficiency disrupted metabolic homeostasis mainly by inhibiting both photosynthesis in anther endothecium and lipid accumulation in anther tapetum.Importantly,ms33-6038 anthers displayed ectopic,premature and excessive secondary cell wall thickening in anther middle layer,which constrained cell elongation structurally and blocked nutrient flows across different anther wall layers.The metabolic disorder was only found in ms33-6038 mutant rather than several representative male-sterility lines at transcriptional and post-translational levels.Collectively,the disordered metabolisms and blocked nutrient flows defeated the activated cell elongation regulators,and finally inhibited anther elongation and growth with a unique‘‘idling effect”in ms33-6038 mutant.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771875, 31971958, and 31871702)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (2302019FRF-TP-19-013A1, 06500136)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0102001, 2018YFD0100806, and 2017YFD0101201)。
文摘Anther development is a programmed biological process crucial to plant male reproduction. Genomewide analyses on the functions of transcriptional factor(TF) genes and their microRNA(miRNA) regulators contributing to anther development have not been comprehensively performed in maize. Here, using published RNA-Seq and small RNA-Seq(sRNA-Seq) data from maize anthers at ten developmental stages in three genic male-sterility(GMS) mutants(ocl4, mac1, and ms23) and wild type W23, as well as newly sequenced maize anther transcriptomes of ms7-6007 and lob30 GMS mutants and their WT lines, we analyzed and found 1079 stage-differentially expressed(stage-DE) TF genes that can be grouped into six(premeiotic, meiotic, postmeiotic, premeiotic-meiotic, premeiotic-postmeiotic, and meiotic-postmeiotic clusters) expression clusters. Functional enrichment combined with cytological and physiological analyses revealed specific functions of genes in each expression cluster. In addition, 118 stage-DE miRNAs and99 miRNA-TF gene pairs were identified in maize anthers. Further analyses revealed the regulatory roles of zma-miR319 and zma-miR159 as well as ZmMs7 and ZmLOB30 on ZmGAMYB expression. Moreover,ZmGAMYB and its paralog ZmGAMYB-2 were demonstrated as novel maize GMS genes by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout analysis. These results extend our understanding on the functions of miRNA-TF gene regulatory pairs and GMS TF genes contributing to male fertility in plants.
基金This research was supported by the National Transgenic Major Program of China(2018ZX08010-06B,2018ZX08009-22B)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0102001,2018YFD0100806,2017YFD0101201)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971958,31771875,31871702)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(06500136)the"Ten Thousand Plan"-National High Level Talents Special Support Plan(For X.W.),and the Beijing Science&Technology Plan Program(Z191100004019005).
文摘Fatty acids and their derivatives are essential building blocks for anther cuticle and pollen wall formation.Disruption of lipid metabolism during anther and pollen development often leads to genic male sterility(GMS).To date,many lipid metabolism-related GMS genes that are involved in the formation of anther cuticle,pollen wall,and subcellular organelle membranes in anther wall layers have been identified and characterized.In this review,we summarize recent progress on characterizing lipid metabolism-related genes and their roles in male fertility and other aspects of reproductive development in plants.On the basis of cloned GMS genes controlling biosynthesis and transport of anther cutin,wax,sporopollenin,and tryphine\r\Arabidopsis,rice,and maize as well as other plant species,updated lipid metabolic networks underlying anther cuticle development and pollen wall formation were proposed.Through bioinformatics analysis of anther RNA-sequencing datasets from three maize inbred lines(Oh43,W23,and B73),a total of 125 novel lipid metabolism-related genes putatively involved in male fertility in maize were deduced.More,we discuss the pathways regulating lipid metabolism-related GMS genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.Finally,we highlight recent findings on lipid metabolism-related genes and their roles in other aspects of plant reproductive development.A comprehensive understanding of lipid metabolism,genes involved,and their roles in plant reproductive development will facilitate the application of lipid metabolism-related genes in gene editing,haploid and callus induction,molecular breeding and hybrid seed production in crops.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0102001,2018YFD0100806,2017YFD0101201)the National Transgenic Major Program of China(2018ZX0801006B,2018ZX0800922B)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971958,31771875,31871702)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(06500136)the"Ten Thousand Plan"-National High Level Talents Special Support Plan(to X.W.)the Beijing Science&Technology Plan Program(Z191100004019005).
文摘Genic male sterility(GMS)is critical for heterosis utilization and hybrid seed production.Although GMS mutants and genes have been studied extensively in plants,it has remained unclear whether chloroplast-associated photosynthetic and metabolic activities are involved in the regulation of anther development.In this study,we characterized the function of ZmMs33/ZmGPAT6,which encodes a member of the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase(GPAT)family that catalyzes the first step of the glycerolipid synthetic pathway.We found that normal structure and function of endothecium(En)chloroplasts maintained by ZmMs33-mediated lipid biosynthesis in tapetal cells are crucial for maize anther development.ZmMs33 is expressed mainly in the tapetum at early anther developmental stages and critical for cell proliferation and expansion at late stages.Chloroplasts in En cells of wild-type anthers function as starch storage sites before stage 10 but as photosynthetic factories since stage 10 to enable starch metabolism and carbohydrate supply.Loss of ZmMs33 function inhibits the biosynthesis of glycolipids and phospholipids,which are major components of En chloroplast membranes,and disrupts the development and function of En chloroplasts,resulting in the formation of abnormal En chloroplasts containing numerous starch granules.Further analyses reveal that starch synthesis during the day and starch degradation at night are greatly suppressed in the mutant anthers,leading to carbon starvation and low energy status,as evidenced by low trehalose-6-phosphate content and a reduced ATP/AMP ratio.The energy sensor and inducer of autophagy,SnRK1,was activated to induce early and excessive autophagy,premature PCD,and metabolic reprogramming in tapetal cells,finally arresting the elongation and development of mutant anthers.Taken together,our results not only show that ZmMs33 is required for normal structure and function of En chloroplasts but also reveal that starch metabolism and photosynthetic activities of En chloroplasts at different developmental stages are essential for normal anther development.These findings provide novel insights for understanding how lipid biosynthesis in the tapetum,the structure and function of En chloroplasts,and energy and substance metabolism are coordinated to maintain maize anther development.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1003500 to X.Wan,2022YFF1002400 and 2021YFF1000302 to S.W.,and 2022YFF1100501 to X.Wei)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771875 to X.Wan,31900610 to Q.H.31971958 to X.A.,and 31871702 to S.W.)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(06500136 to X.Wan)the Beijing Nova Program(Z201100006820114 to Q.H.).
文摘Because of its significance for plant male fertility and,hence,direct impact on crop yield,pollen exine development has inspired decades of scientific inquiry.However,the molecularmechanismunderlying exine formation and thickness remains elusive.In this study,we identified that a previously unrecognized repressor,ZmMS1/ZmLBD30,controls proper pollen exine development in maize.Using an ms1 mutant with aberrantly thickened exine,we cloned a male-sterility gene,ZmMs1,which encodes a tapetum-specific lateral organ boundary domain transcription factor,ZmLBD30.Weshowed thatZmMs1/ZmLBD30 is initially turned on by a transcriptional activation cascade of ZmbHLH51-ZmMYB84-ZmMS7,and then it serves as a repressor to shut down this cascade via feedback repression to ensure timely tapetal degeneration and proper level of exine.This activation-feedback repression loop regulating male fertility is conserved in maize and sorghum,and similar regulatory mechanism may also exist in other flowering plants such as rice and Arabidopsis.Collectively,these findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of pollen exine development by which a long-sought master repressor of upstream activators prevents excessive exine formation.
基金This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0100806,2018YFD1000702,2017YFD0102001,2017YFD0101201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771875,31871702,31971958)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(06500136).
文摘APPLICABLE CROP DGMS TECHNOLOGY IN THE POST-HETEROSIS UTILIZATION ERA,The global population is predicted to grow by 25%and reach 10 billion by the mid-21st century(Hickey et al.,2019).To meet the food demands of the growing population with limited agricultural land and fresh water resources,greater and more consistent crop production under fluctuating climate conditions,including various environmental stresses,must be achieved by reducing resource inputs and minimizing environmental impacts(Bailey-Serres et al.t 2019).Thanks to the extensive use of semi-dwarf Green Revolution varieties and single-cross hybrids of major crops(e.g.,rice and maize),grain yield has increased steeply over the past 60 years(Figure 1A and 1B).For example。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC2000504)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.06500060)+1 种基金the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(No.Z181100009318004),Chinathe USDA HATCH Project(HAW05020H),USA.
文摘Amino acid intake plays a crucial role in the Warburg effect of cancer.Gut microbes can regulate intestinal amino acid metabolism.However,it is still unknown whether probiotic therapy can protect the host from intestinal tumor invasion by reducing amino acid intake.With in vitro methods,three acid-tolerant strains from fermented pickles were screened out.Using azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon cancer models,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus brevis CLB3,Lactobacillus plantarum XLP,and Lactobacillus johnsonii CM on model mice.Their functional mechanisms were further explained through anatomy section,quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),Western blot,and immunohistochemical staining analyses as well as database mining and gut culturomics.The Lactobacillus brevis(L.brevis)CLB3 treatment significantly improved the clinical signs and symptoms of colon cancer,alleviated colon damage,and inhibited colon carcinogenesis in mice.In addition,this treatment significantly increased gut cultivable Lactobacillus abundance,inhibited the expression and translation levels of the tumor metabolism-related solute carrier(SLC)amino acid transporter including SLC7A5 and SLC7A11,lowered circulating interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-17A(IL-17A)levels,and improved the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and cancer proliferation factors.These findings suggest that L.brevis CLB3 can reduce amino acid transport,inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling and enhance intestinal anti-tumor immune responses,which provides a potential targeting amino acid transporter strategy for preventing colorectal cancer.
