Gut-brain axis:does intestinal inflammation affect hippocampal neurogenesis and medulloblastoma development?Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of disorders that cause chronic inflammation in the intestines,...Gut-brain axis:does intestinal inflammation affect hippocampal neurogenesis and medulloblastoma development?Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of disorders that cause chronic inflammation in the intestines,associated with altered intestinal permeability,which in turn causes an immune response to enteric antigens in a gen etically susceptible host.IBD incidence is high in industrialized countries and continuously rises in emerging economies.展开更多
In astrophysics, the boundary conditions for plasma phenomena are provided by nature and the astronomer faces the problem of understanding them from a variety of observations [Hester J J et al 1996 Astrophys. J. 456 2...In astrophysics, the boundary conditions for plasma phenomena are provided by nature and the astronomer faces the problem of understanding them from a variety of observations [Hester J J et al 1996 Astrophys. J. 456 225], on the other hand, in laboratory plasma experiments the electromagnetic boundary conditions become a major problem in the set-up of the machine that produces the plasma, an issue that has to be investigated step by step and to be modified and adapted with great patience, in particular in the case of an innovative plasma confinement experiment. The PROTO-SPHERA machine [Alladio F et al 2006 Nucl. Fusion 46 S613] is a magnetic confinement experiment, that emulates in the laboratory the jet + torus plasma configurations often observed in astrophysics: an inner magnetized jet of plasma centered on the(approximate) axis of symmetry and surrounded by a magnetized plasma torus orthogonal to this jet. The PROTO-SPHERA plasma is simply connected, i.e., no metal current conducting rod is linked to the plasma torus, while instead it is the inner magnetized plasma jet(in the following always called the plasma centerpost) that is linked to the torus. It is mandatory that no spurious plasma current path modifies the optimal shape of the plasma centerpost. Moreover, as the plasma torus is produced and sustained, in absence of any applied inductive electric field, by the inner plasma centerpost through magnetic reconnections [Taylor J B and Turner M F 1989 Nucl.Fusion 29 219], it is required as well that spurious current paths do not surround the torus on its outboard, in order not to lower the efficiency of the magnetic reconnections that maintain the plasma torus at the expense of the plasma centerpost. Boundary conditions have been corrected,up to the point that the first sustainment in steady state has been achieved for the combined plasma.展开更多
The morphogen Sonic Hedgehog(Shh)plays a critical role in the development of different tissues,both in invertebrates and vertebrates.Shh mediates its action via a receptor complex associating two transmembrane protein...The morphogen Sonic Hedgehog(Shh)plays a critical role in the development of different tissues,both in invertebrates and vertebrates.Shh mediates its action via a receptor complex associating two transmembrane proteins:Patched1(Ptch1)and Smoothened(Smo).The repression exerted by Ptch1 on Smo is relieved when Shh,the ligand,binds to Ptch1,which leads to a complex signaling cascade involving the transcription factors of the Gli family and finally,to展开更多
Smart contracts show a high potential to make supply chain management strategies epochally leap towards higher levels of productivity,not only in the functioning of production processes but also in terms of product in...Smart contracts show a high potential to make supply chain management strategies epochally leap towards higher levels of productivity,not only in the functioning of production processes but also in terms of product innovation and overall economic returns.This article illustrates the principle of Income Sharing as a highly performing economic strategy for supply chains with a natural implementation in blockchain smart contracts.It proposes a blockchain-based architecture that uses smart contracts to implement various algorithmic versions of the Income Sharing principle among companies participating in a supply chain.The formation of the total income and its consequent redistribution are calculated taking into account the role of the technological platform automating these procedures,which therefore becomes a party to the inter-company business project of a supply chain in the alternative roles,as feasible in business practice,of Blockchain-as-a-Service and Blockchain-as-a-Partner.The approach is implemented on Hyperledger Fabric,the most widespread platform for private and consortium blockchains.We compare and justify this design choice with the alternative given by public blockchains,with specific attention to Ethereum.展开更多
基金NANOCROSS project"Plant virus nanoparticles for blood-brain barrier crossing and medulloblastoma targeting"granted by the Italian Association for Cancer Research:IG 20314 to MM。
文摘Gut-brain axis:does intestinal inflammation affect hippocampal neurogenesis and medulloblastoma development?Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of disorders that cause chronic inflammation in the intestines,associated with altered intestinal permeability,which in turn causes an immune response to enteric antigens in a gen etically susceptible host.IBD incidence is high in industrialized countries and continuously rises in emerging economies.
文摘In astrophysics, the boundary conditions for plasma phenomena are provided by nature and the astronomer faces the problem of understanding them from a variety of observations [Hester J J et al 1996 Astrophys. J. 456 225], on the other hand, in laboratory plasma experiments the electromagnetic boundary conditions become a major problem in the set-up of the machine that produces the plasma, an issue that has to be investigated step by step and to be modified and adapted with great patience, in particular in the case of an innovative plasma confinement experiment. The PROTO-SPHERA machine [Alladio F et al 2006 Nucl. Fusion 46 S613] is a magnetic confinement experiment, that emulates in the laboratory the jet + torus plasma configurations often observed in astrophysics: an inner magnetized jet of plasma centered on the(approximate) axis of symmetry and surrounded by a magnetized plasma torus orthogonal to this jet. The PROTO-SPHERA plasma is simply connected, i.e., no metal current conducting rod is linked to the plasma torus, while instead it is the inner magnetized plasma jet(in the following always called the plasma centerpost) that is linked to the torus. It is mandatory that no spurious plasma current path modifies the optimal shape of the plasma centerpost. Moreover, as the plasma torus is produced and sustained, in absence of any applied inductive electric field, by the inner plasma centerpost through magnetic reconnections [Taylor J B and Turner M F 1989 Nucl.Fusion 29 219], it is required as well that spurious current paths do not surround the torus on its outboard, in order not to lower the efficiency of the magnetic reconnections that maintain the plasma torus at the expense of the plasma centerpost. Boundary conditions have been corrected,up to the point that the first sustainment in steady state has been achieved for the combined plasma.
基金partially supported by grant 15234 from the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro(AIRC)
文摘The morphogen Sonic Hedgehog(Shh)plays a critical role in the development of different tissues,both in invertebrates and vertebrates.Shh mediates its action via a receptor complex associating two transmembrane proteins:Patched1(Ptch1)and Smoothened(Smo).The repression exerted by Ptch1 on Smo is relieved when Shh,the ligand,binds to Ptch1,which leads to a complex signaling cascade involving the transcription factors of the Gli family and finally,to
基金supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research(MUR)under PRIN grant B87G22000450001(PINPOINT).
文摘Smart contracts show a high potential to make supply chain management strategies epochally leap towards higher levels of productivity,not only in the functioning of production processes but also in terms of product innovation and overall economic returns.This article illustrates the principle of Income Sharing as a highly performing economic strategy for supply chains with a natural implementation in blockchain smart contracts.It proposes a blockchain-based architecture that uses smart contracts to implement various algorithmic versions of the Income Sharing principle among companies participating in a supply chain.The formation of the total income and its consequent redistribution are calculated taking into account the role of the technological platform automating these procedures,which therefore becomes a party to the inter-company business project of a supply chain in the alternative roles,as feasible in business practice,of Blockchain-as-a-Service and Blockchain-as-a-Partner.The approach is implemented on Hyperledger Fabric,the most widespread platform for private and consortium blockchains.We compare and justify this design choice with the alternative given by public blockchains,with specific attention to Ethereum.
