Wood,an essential natural resource in human civilization,remains widely used despite advances in technology and material substitution.The surge in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental concerns accentuates the ne...Wood,an essential natural resource in human civilization,remains widely used despite advances in technology and material substitution.The surge in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental concerns accentuates the need for optimizing wood utilization.Material flow analysis is a powerful tool for tracking material flows and stocks,aiding resource management and environmental decision-making.However,the full extent of its methodological dimensions,particularly within the context of the wood supply chain,remains relatively unexplored.In this study,we delve into the existing literature on wood flow analysis,discussing its primary objectives,materials involved,temporal and spatial scales,data sources,units,and conversion factors.Additionally,data uncertainty,data reconciliation and crucial assumptions in material flow analysis are highlighted in this paper.Key findings reveal the significance of wood cascading and substitution effects by replacing non-wood materials,where they can reduce greenhouse gas emissions more than the natural carbon sink of forests and wood products.The immediate impact of short-term wood cascading might not be as robust as the substitution effect,with energy substitution showcasing better results than material substitution.However,it's crucial to note that these conclusions could experience significant reversal from a long-term and global perspective.Strategies for improving wood efficiency involve maximizing material use,advancing construction technologies,extending product lifespans,promoting cascade use,and optimizing energy recovery processes.The study underscores the need for standardized approaches in wood flow analysis and emphasizes the potential of wood efficiency strategies in addressing environmental challenges.展开更多
We present quasi-exact ab initio path integral Monte Carlo(PIMC)results for the partial static density responses and local field factors of hydrogen in the warm dense matter regime,from solid density conditions to the...We present quasi-exact ab initio path integral Monte Carlo(PIMC)results for the partial static density responses and local field factors of hydrogen in the warm dense matter regime,from solid density conditions to the strongly compressed case.The full dynamic treatment of electrons and protons on the same footing allows us to rigorously quantify both electronic and ionic exchange–correlation effects in the system,and to compare the results with those of earlier incomplete models such as the archetypal uniform electron gas or electrons in a fixed ion snapshot potential that do not take into account the interplay between the two constituents.The full electronic density response is highly sensitive to electronic localization around the ions,and our results constitute unambiguous predictions for upcoming X-ray Thomson scattering experiments with hydrogen jets and fusion plasmas.All PIMC results are made freely available and can be used directly for a gamut of applications,including inertial confinement fusion calculations and the modeling of dense astrophysical objects.Moreover,they constitute invaluable benchmark data for approximate but computationally less demanding approaches such as density functional theory or PIMC within the fixed-node approximation.展开更多
We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser(FEL)aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric heating.In the experiment,we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft ...We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser(FEL)aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric heating.In the experiment,we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution model.We find that most emitted ions are thermal,but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface,such as protons,are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped electrons.The morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying temperatures.We find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FEL radiation attenuation length in different materials.展开更多
Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)have been considered as promising candidates in the post-lithium-ion battery era.Till now,a large number of materials have been used as electrode materials for PIBs,among which vanadium ox...Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)have been considered as promising candidates in the post-lithium-ion battery era.Till now,a large number of materials have been used as electrode materials for PIBs,among which vanadium oxides exhibit great potentiality.Vanadium oxides can provide multiple electron transfers during electrochemical reactions because vanadium possesses a variety of oxidation states.Meanwhile,their relatively low cost and superior material,structural,and physicochemical properties endow them with strong competitiveness.Although some inspiring research results have been achieved,many issues and challenges remain to be further addressed.Herein,we systematically summarize the research progress of vanadium oxides for PIBs.Then,feasible improvement strategies for the material properties and electrochemical performance are introduced.Finally,the existing challenges and perspectives are discussed with a view to promoting the development of vanadium oxides and accelerating their practical applications.展开更多
Three-dimensional printing technologies exhibit tremendous potential in the advancing fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to the precise spatial control over depositing the biomaterial.Despite t...Three-dimensional printing technologies exhibit tremendous potential in the advancing fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to the precise spatial control over depositing the biomaterial.Despite their widespread utilization and numerous advantages,the development of suitable novel biomaterials for extrusion-based 3D printing of scaffolds that support cell attachment,proliferation,and vascularization remains a challenge.Multi-material composite hydrogels present incredible potential in this field.Thus,in this work,a multi-material composite hydrogel with a promising formulation of chitosan/gelatin functionalized with egg white was developed,which provides good printability and shape fidelity.In addition,a series of comparative analyses of different crosslinking agents and processes based on tripolyphosphate(TPP),genipin(GP),and glutaraldehyde(GTA)were investigated and compared to select the ideal crosslinking strategy to enhance the physicochemical and biological properties of the fabricated scaffolds.All of the results indicate that the composite hydrogel and the resulting scaffolds utilizing TPP crosslinking have great potential in tissue engineering,especially for supporting neo-vessel growth into the scaffold and promoting angiogenesis within engineered tissues.展开更多
An accurate theoretical description of the dynamic properties of correlated quantum many-body systems,such as the dynamic structure factor S(q,ω),is important in many fields.Unfortunately,highly accurate quantum Mont...An accurate theoretical description of the dynamic properties of correlated quantum many-body systems,such as the dynamic structure factor S(q,ω),is important in many fields.Unfortunately,highly accurate quantum Monte Carlo methods are usually restricted to the imaginary time domain,and the analytic continuation of the imaginary-time density–density correlation function F(q,τ)to real frequencies is a notoriously hard problem.Here,it is argued that often no such analytic continuation is required because by definition,F(q,τ)contains the same physical information as does S(q,ω),only represented unfamiliarly.Specifically,it is shown how one can directly extract key information such as the temperature or quasi-particle excitation energies from theτdomain,which is highly relevant for equation-of-state measurements of matter under extreme conditions[T.Dornheim et al.,Nat.Commun.13,7911(2022)].As a practical example,ab initio path-integral Monte Carlo results for the uniform electron gas(UEG)are considered,and it is shown that even nontrivial processes such as the roton feature of the UEG at low density[T.Dornheim et al.,Commun.Phys.5,304(2022)]are manifested straightforwardly in F(q,τ).A comprehensive overview is given of various useful properties of F(q,τ)and how it relates to the usual dynamic structure factor.In fact,working directly in theτdomain is advantageous for many reasons and opens up multiple avenues for future applications.展开更多
Urban Green Space (UGS) plays an important role in minimizing the negative effects of urbanization on city dwellers, which is predominantly factored into the accessibility to UGS. This study elucidated the distributio...Urban Green Space (UGS) plays an important role in minimizing the negative effects of urbanization on city dwellers, which is predominantly factored into the accessibility to UGS. This study elucidated the distribution and accessibility of UGS in Dhaka, Bangladesh considering the paucity of such important scientific studies in the given area. The methodological structure of this study employed a multispectral Landsat satellite image from 2020 for identifying the logically defined UGSs, as well as a minimum proxy distance being the parameter to estimate accessibility to the UGS through a primary survey scheme and literature review. Considering UGS as a public area, we adopted a hybrid (combination of supervised and unsupervised classification) method followed by post-classification for UGS distribution assessment. The unsupervised classification identified the overall distribution of green spaces, whereas the anomalies of generated classes were rectified during the post-classification. Following the study findings, UGS in Dhaka metropolitan city accounts for only 602 ha or 1.9% of the total geographical space, with Ramna thana ranked as the highest contributor of 111 ha. However, in terms of accessibility to the UGS by city residents, 19.9% of the buildings in Dhaka metropolitan city were computed to be within the determined proxy distance of 500 m around the UGS. Also, parallel to UGS distribution, green space in Ramna thana (111 ha) exhibited the highest accessibility rate (64%) to the UGS compared with other thanas in Dhaka metropolitan city. The baseline findings will contribute to the long-term sustainable urban planning and development of more accessible green spaces in the study area.展开更多
Transition metal sulfides have been regarded as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIB).However,they face the challenges of poor electronic conductivity and large volume change,which result in capacity...Transition metal sulfides have been regarded as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIB).However,they face the challenges of poor electronic conductivity and large volume change,which result in capacity fade and low rate capability.In this work,a composite containing ultrasmall CoS(~7 nm)nanoparticles embedded in heteroatom(N,S,and O)-doped carbon was synthesized by an efficient one-step sulfidation process using a Co(Salen)precursor.The ultrasmall CoS nanoparticles are beneficial for mechanical stability and shortening Na-ions diffusion pathways.Furthermore,the N,S,and O-doped defect-rich carbon provides a robust and highly conductive framework enriched with active sites for sodium storage as well as mitigates volume expansion and polysulfide shuttle.As anode for SIB,CoS@HDC exhibits a high initial capacity of 906 mA h g^(-1)at 100 mA g^(-1)and a stable long-term cycling life with over 1000 cycles at 500 mA g^(-1),showing a reversible capacity of 330 mA h g^(-1).Meanwhile,the CoS@HDC anode is proven to maintain its structural integrity and compositional reversibility during cycling.Furthermore,Na-ion full batteries based on the CoS@HDC anode and Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode demonstrate a stable cycling behavior with a reversible specific capacity of~200 m A h g^(-1)at least for 100 cycles.Moreover,advanced synchrotron operando X-ray diffraction,ex-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy,and comprehensive electrochemical tests reveal the structural transformation and the Co coordination chemistry evolution of the CoS@HDC during cycling,providing fundamental insights into the sodium storage mechanism.展开更多
We revisit the epoch of cosmic speed-up characterized by the redshift of transition from a decelerated to an accelerated phase.This redshift is termed the transition redshift(z_(t)).We use the spatially flat and non-f...We revisit the epoch of cosmic speed-up characterized by the redshift of transition from a decelerated to an accelerated phase.This redshift is termed the transition redshift(z_(t)).We use the spatially flat and non-flat variants of the most commonΛCDM and XCDM models to put constraints on the transition redshift along with the other model parameters.The data for this analysis come from the recent and updated Pantheon+supernova(SN)data set and the Hubble parameter measurements obtained from Cosmic Chronometers.We consider both data sets with their respective covariance matrices incorporating all statistical and systematic uncertainties.We observe that using the combined data sets of H(z)and SNe,the best fit value of transition redshift lies in the range 0.61<z_(t)<0.79 for all four dark energy models.Incidentally,we observe a positive curvature for the non-flat models,correlations between several model parameters and a strong degeneracy between the curvature and the equation of state parameter.展开更多
Dilatancy-controlled gas flow in preferential pathways plays a key role in the safety analysis of radioactive waste repositories.This is particularly the case for bentonite,an often-preferred barrier material.Gas flow...Dilatancy-controlled gas flow in preferential pathways plays a key role in the safety analysis of radioactive waste repositories.This is particularly the case for bentonite,an often-preferred barrier material.Gas flow in preferential pathways is characterized by localization and spontaneous behavior,which is challenging to simulate in numerical models due to strong hydro-mechanical coupling.To analyze a laboratory experiment in the framework of the DECOVALEX-2023 project,this study introduced a new approach of combining continuous modelling methods with spatial material properties derived from material heterogeneities and experimental observations.The proposed model utilized hydro-mechanical spatial distributions,namely Young’s modulus and gas entry pressure,and elastoplasticity combined with a linear swelling model.A conceptual strain-dependent permeability approach simulated dilatancycontrolled gas flow based on hydro-mechanical coupling.To test the effectiveness of the presented approach,a gas injection test in a compacted,saturated bentonite sample was simulated using the opensource code OpenGeoSys 5.8 and compared with experimental observations.The presented methodology is capable of simulating localized gas flow in preferential pathways.The spatial distributions of Young’s modulus and gas entry pressure affect the swelling pressure,relative permeability and,in combination with the strain-dependent permeability model,also the intrinsic permeability.展开更多
Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)poses a significant challenge due to the lack of reliable prognostic gene signatures and an understanding of its immune behavior.Methods:We analyzed clinical information and mRNA exp...Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)poses a significant challenge due to the lack of reliable prognostic gene signatures and an understanding of its immune behavior.Methods:We analyzed clinical information and mRNA expression data from 162 TNBC patients in TCGA-BRCA and 320 patients in METABRIC-BRCA.Utilizing weighted gene coexpression network analysis,we pinpointed 34 TNBC immune genes linked to survival.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression method identified key TNBC immune candidates for prognosis prediction.We calculated chemotherapy sensitivity scores using the“pRRophetic”package in R software and assessed immunotherapy response using the Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion algorithm.Results:In this study,34 survival-related TNBC immune gene expression profiles were identified.A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-Cox regression model was used and 15 candidates were prioritized,with a concomitant establishment of a robust risk immune classifier.The high-risk TNBC immune groups showed increased sensitivity to therapeutic agents like RO-3306,Tamoxifen,Sunitinib,JNK Inhibitor VIII,XMD11-85h,BX-912,and Tivozanib.An analysis of the Search Tool for Interaction of Chemicals database revealed the associations between the high-risk group and signaling pathways,such as those involving Rap1,Ras,and PI3K-Akt.The low-risk group showed a higher immunotherapy response rate,as observed through the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion analysis in the TCGA-TNBC and METABRIC-TNBC cohorts.Conclusion:This study provides insights into the immune complexities of TNBC,paving the way for novel diagnostic approaches and precision treatment methods that exploit its immunological intricacies,thus offering hope for improved management and outcomes of this challenging disease.展开更多
Aqueous rechargeable batteries are safe and environmentally friendly and can be made at a low cost;as such,they are attracting attention in the field of energy storage.However,the temperature sensitivity of aqueous ba...Aqueous rechargeable batteries are safe and environmentally friendly and can be made at a low cost;as such,they are attracting attention in the field of energy storage.However,the temperature sensitivity of aqueous batteries hinders their practical application.The solvent water freezes at low temperatures,and there is a reduction in ionic conductivity,whereas it evaporates rapidly at high temperatures,which causes increased side reactions.This review discusses recent progress in improving the performance of aqueous batteries,mainly with respect to electrolyte engineering and the associated strategies employed to achieve such improvements over a wide temperature domain.The review focuses on fi ve electrolyte engineer-ing(aqueous high-concentration electrolytes,organic electrolytes,quasi-solid/solid electrolytes,hybrid electrolytes,and eutectic electrolytes)and investigates the mechanisms involved in reducing the solidifi cation point and boiling point of the electrolyte and enhancing the extreme-temperature electrochemical performance.Finally,the prospect of further improving the wide temperature range performance of aqueous rechargeable batteries is presented.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small RNA molecules with important roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.In recent years,the predicted number of miRNAs has skyrocketed,largely as a consequence of high-throu...MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small RNA molecules with important roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.In recent years,the predicted number of miRNAs has skyrocketed,largely as a consequence of high-throughput sequencing technologies becoming ubiquitous.This dramatic increase in miRNA candidates poses multiple challenges in terms of data deposition,curation,and validation.Although multiple databases containing miRNA annotations and targets have been developed,ensuring data quality by validating miRNA-target interactions requires the efforts of the research community.In order to generate databases containing biologically active miRNAs,it is imperative to overcome a multitude of hurdles,including restricted miRNA expression patterns,distinct miRNA biogenesis machineries,and divergent miRNA-mRNA interaction dynamics.In the present review,we discuss recent advances and limitations in miRNA prediction,identification,and validation.Lastly,we focus on the most enriched neuronal miRNA,miR-124,and its gene regulatory network in human neurons,which has been revealed using a combined computational and experimental approach.展开更多
Unrecorded alcohol includes illegally distributed alcohol as well as homemade or surrogate alcohol which is unintended for consumption by humans(e.g.,cosmetics containing alcohol).The highest unrecorded alcohol consum...Unrecorded alcohol includes illegally distributed alcohol as well as homemade or surrogate alcohol which is unintended for consumption by humans(e.g.,cosmetics containing alcohol).The highest unrecorded alcohol consumption occurs in Eastern Europe and some of these countries have an over proportional liver cirrhosis mortality.Compounds besides ethanol have been hypothesized as being responsible for this observation.On the other hand,chemical investigations were unable to prove that unrecorded alcohol regularly contains contaminants above toxicological thresholds.However,illegally produced spirits regularly contain higher percentages of alcohol(above 45%by volume),but for considerably less costs compared with licit beverages,potentially causing more problematic patterns of drinking.In this review,it is investigated whether patterns of drinking rather than product composition can explain the liver cirrhosis mortality rates.Statistical examination of World Health Organization country data shows that the originally detected correlation of the percentage of unrecorded alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis mortality rates disappears when the data is adjusted for the prevalence of heavy episodic drinking.It may be concluded that there is currently a lack of data to demonstrate causality between the composition of illicit spirits(e.g.,higher levels of certain contaminants in home-produced products)and liver toxicity on a population scale.Exceptions may be cases of poisoning with antiseptic liquids containing compounds such as polyhexamethyleneguanidine,which were reported to be consumed as surrogate alcohol in Russia,leading to an outbreak of acute cholestatic liver injury,histologically different from conventional alcoholic liver disease.展开更多
Viruses are extremely heterogeneous entities; the size and the nature of their genetic information, as well as the strategies employed to amplify and propagate their genomes, are highly variable. However, as obligator...Viruses are extremely heterogeneous entities; the size and the nature of their genetic information, as well as the strategies employed to amplify and propagate their genomes, are highly variable. However, as obligatory intracellular parasites, replication of all viruses relies on the host cell. Having co-evolved with their host for several million years, viruses have developed very sophisticated strategies to hijack cellular factors that promote virus uptake, replication, and spread. Identification of host cell factors(HCFs) required for these processes is a major challenge for researchers, but it enables the identification of new, highly selective targets for anti viral therapeutics. To this end, the establishment of platforms enabling genome-wide high-throughput RNA interference(HT-RNAi) screens has led to the identification of several key factors involved in the viral lifecycle. A number of genome-wide HT-RNAi screens have been performed for major human pathogens. These studies enable first inter-viral comparisons related to HCF requirements. Although several cellular functions appear to be uniformly required for the life cycle of most viruses tested(such as the proteasome and the Golgi-mediated secretory pathways), some factors, like the lipid kinase Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase Ⅲα in the case of hepatitis C virus, are selectively required for individual viruses. However, despite the amount of data available, we are still far away from a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between viruses and host factors. Major limitations towards this goal are the low sensitivity and specificity of such screens, resulting in limited overlap between different screens performed with the same virus. This review focuses on how statistical and bioinformatic analysis methods applied to HTRNAi screens can help overcoming these issues thus increasing the reliability and impact of such studies.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries possess overwhelming energy density of 2654 Wh kg-1,and are considered as the next-generation battery technology for energy demanding applications.Flooded electrolytes are ubiquitously em...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries possess overwhelming energy density of 2654 Wh kg-1,and are considered as the next-generation battery technology for energy demanding applications.Flooded electrolytes are ubiquitously employed in cells to ensure sufficient redox kinetics and preclude the interference of the electrolyte depletion due to side reactions with the lithium metal anode.This strategy is capable of enabling long-lasting,high-capacity and excellent-rate battery performances,but it mask the requirements of practical Li-S batteries,where high-sulfur-loading/content and lean electrolyte are prerequisite to realize the energy-dense Li-S batteries.Sparingly and highly solvating electrolytes have emerged as effective yet simple approaches to decrease the electrolyte/sulfur ratio through altering sulfur species and exerting new reaction pathways.Sparingly solvating electrolytes are characterized by few free solvents to solvate lithium polysulfides,rendering a quasi-solid sulfur conversion and decoupling the reaction mechanisms from electrolyte quantity used in cells;while highly solvating electrolytes adopt highdonicity or high-permittivity solvents and take their advantages of strong solvation ability toward polysulfide intermediates,thereby favoring the polysulfide formation and stabilizing unique radicals,which subsequently accelerate redox kinetics.Both solvation chemistry approaches have their respective features to allow the operation of cells under electrolyte-starved conditions.This Review discusses their unique features and basic physicochemical properties in the working Li-S batteries,presents remaining technical and scientific issues and provides future directions for the electrolyte chemistry to attain highenergy Li-S batteries.展开更多
Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a common clinical practice to visualize defects and to distinguish different tissue types and pathologies in the human body.So far,MRI data have not been used to model and generate a ...Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a common clinical practice to visualize defects and to distinguish different tissue types and pathologies in the human body.So far,MRI data have not been used to model and generate a patient-specific design of multilayered tissue substitutes in the case of interfacial defects.For orthopedic cases that require highly individual surgical treatment,implant fabrication by additive manufacturing holds great potential.Extrusion-based techniques like 3D plot-ting allow the spatially defined application of several materials,as well as implementation of bioprinting strategies.With the example of a typical multi-zonal osteochondral defect in an osteochondritis dissecans(OCD)patient,this study aimed to close the technological gap between MRI analysis and the additive manufacturing process of an implant based on dif-ferent biomaterial inks.A workflow was developed which covers the processing steps of MRI-based defect identification,segmentation,modeling,implant design adjustment,and implant generation.A model implant was fabricated based on two biomaterial inks with clinically relevant properties that would allow for bioprinting,the direct embedding of a patient’s own cells in the printing process.As demonstrated by the geometric compatibility of the designed and fabricated model implant in a stereolithography(SLA)model of lesioned femoral condyles,a novel versatile CAD/CAM workflow was successfully established that opens up new perspectives for the treatment of multi-zonal(osteochondral)defects.展开更多
The leaching performance and leaching kinetics of LiFePO_(4)(LFP)and Al in Al-bearing spent LFP cathode powder were systematically studied.The effects of temperature(273−368 K),stirring speed(200−950 r/min),reaction t...The leaching performance and leaching kinetics of LiFePO_(4)(LFP)and Al in Al-bearing spent LFP cathode powder were systematically studied.The effects of temperature(273−368 K),stirring speed(200−950 r/min),reaction time(0−240 min),acid-to-material ratio(0.1:1−1:1 mL/g)and liquid-to-solid ratio(3:1−9:1 mL/g)on the leaching process were investigated.The results show that the concentration of reactants and the temperature have a greater impact on the leaching of Al.Under the optimal conditions,leaching efficiencies of LFP and Al are 91.53%and 15.98%,respectively.The kinetic study shows that the leaching of LFP is kinetically controlled by mixed surface reaction and diffusion,with an activation energy of 22.990 kJ/mol;whereas the leaching of Al is only controlled by surface chemical reaction,with an activation energy of 46.581 kJ/mol.A low leaching temperature can effectively suppress the dissolving of Al during the acid leaching of the spent LFP cathode material.展开更多
The rapid development of two-dimensional(2D)transition-metal dichalcogenides has been possible owing to their special structures and remarkable properties.In particular,palladium diselenide(PdSe_(2))with a novel penta...The rapid development of two-dimensional(2D)transition-metal dichalcogenides has been possible owing to their special structures and remarkable properties.In particular,palladium diselenide(PdSe_(2))with a novel pentagonal structure and unique physical characteristics have recently attracted extensive research inter-est.Consequently,tremendous research progress has been achieved regarding the physics,chemistry,and electronics of PdSe_(2).Accordingly,in this review,we recapitulate and summarize the most recent research on PdSe_(2),including its structure,properties,synthesis,and appli-cations.First,a mechanical exfoliation method to obtain PdSe_(2) nanosheets is introduced,and large-area synthesis strate-gies are explained with respect to chemical vapor deposition and metal selenization.Next,the electronic and optoelectronic properties of PdSe_(2) and related hetero-structures,such as field-effect transistors,photodetectors,sensors,and thermoelec-tric devices,are discussed.Subsequently,the integration of systems into infrared image sensors on the basis of PdSe_(2) van der Waals heterostructures is explored.Finally,future opportunities are highlighted to serve as a general guide for physicists,chemists,materials scientists,and engineers.Therefore,this com-prehensive review may shed light on the research conducted by the 2D material community.展开更多
To provide global service with low latency, the broadband low earth orbits (LEO) satellite constellation based communication systems have become one of the focuses in academic and industry. To allow for wideband acces...To provide global service with low latency, the broadband low earth orbits (LEO) satellite constellation based communication systems have become one of the focuses in academic and industry. To allow for wideband access for user links, the feeder link of LEO satellite is correspondingly required to support high throughput data communications. To this end, we propose to apply line-of-sight (LoS) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission for the feeder link to achieve spatial multiplexing by optimizing the antenna arrangement. Unlike the LoS MIMO applications for static scenarios, the movement of LEO satellites make it impractical to adjust the optimal antenna separation for all possible satellite positions. To address this issue, we propose to design the antenna placement to maximize the ergodic channel capacity during the visible region of the ground station. We first derive the closed-form probability distribution of the satellite trajectory in visible region. Based on which the ergodic channel capacity can be then calculated numerically. The antenna placement can be further optimized to maximize the ergodic channel capacity. Numerical results verify the derived probability distribution of the satellite trajectory, and show that the proposed LoS MIMO scheme can significantly increase the ergodic channel capacity compared with the existing SISO one.展开更多
基金The China Scholarship Council finances this research (Grant number CSC202010220001)。
文摘Wood,an essential natural resource in human civilization,remains widely used despite advances in technology and material substitution.The surge in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental concerns accentuates the need for optimizing wood utilization.Material flow analysis is a powerful tool for tracking material flows and stocks,aiding resource management and environmental decision-making.However,the full extent of its methodological dimensions,particularly within the context of the wood supply chain,remains relatively unexplored.In this study,we delve into the existing literature on wood flow analysis,discussing its primary objectives,materials involved,temporal and spatial scales,data sources,units,and conversion factors.Additionally,data uncertainty,data reconciliation and crucial assumptions in material flow analysis are highlighted in this paper.Key findings reveal the significance of wood cascading and substitution effects by replacing non-wood materials,where they can reduce greenhouse gas emissions more than the natural carbon sink of forests and wood products.The immediate impact of short-term wood cascading might not be as robust as the substitution effect,with energy substitution showcasing better results than material substitution.However,it's crucial to note that these conclusions could experience significant reversal from a long-term and global perspective.Strategies for improving wood efficiency involve maximizing material use,advancing construction technologies,extending product lifespans,promoting cascade use,and optimizing energy recovery processes.The study underscores the need for standardized approaches in wood flow analysis and emphasizes the potential of wood efficiency strategies in addressing environmental challenges.
基金supported by the Center for Advanced Systems Understanding(CASUS),financed by Germany’s Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)and the Saxon State Government out of the State Budget approved by the Saxon State Parliamentfunding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2022 Research and Innovation Program(Grant Agreement No.101076233,“PREXTREME”).
文摘We present quasi-exact ab initio path integral Monte Carlo(PIMC)results for the partial static density responses and local field factors of hydrogen in the warm dense matter regime,from solid density conditions to the strongly compressed case.The full dynamic treatment of electrons and protons on the same footing allows us to rigorously quantify both electronic and ionic exchange–correlation effects in the system,and to compare the results with those of earlier incomplete models such as the archetypal uniform electron gas or electrons in a fixed ion snapshot potential that do not take into account the interplay between the two constituents.The full electronic density response is highly sensitive to electronic localization around the ions,and our results constitute unambiguous predictions for upcoming X-ray Thomson scattering experiments with hydrogen jets and fusion plasmas.All PIMC results are made freely available and can be used directly for a gamut of applications,including inertial confinement fusion calculations and the modeling of dense astrophysical objects.Moreover,they constitute invaluable benchmark data for approximate but computationally less demanding approaches such as density functional theory or PIMC within the fixed-node approximation.
文摘We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser(FEL)aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric heating.In the experiment,we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution model.We find that most emitted ions are thermal,but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface,such as protons,are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped electrons.The morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying temperatures.We find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FEL radiation attenuation length in different materials.
基金the Shenyang University of Technology(QNPY202209-4)the Key R&D project of Liaoning Province of China(2020JH2/10300079)+2 种基金the“Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program”(2018921006)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1908034)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21571132).
文摘Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)have been considered as promising candidates in the post-lithium-ion battery era.Till now,a large number of materials have been used as electrode materials for PIBs,among which vanadium oxides exhibit great potentiality.Vanadium oxides can provide multiple electron transfers during electrochemical reactions because vanadium possesses a variety of oxidation states.Meanwhile,their relatively low cost and superior material,structural,and physicochemical properties endow them with strong competitiveness.Although some inspiring research results have been achieved,many issues and challenges remain to be further addressed.Herein,we systematically summarize the research progress of vanadium oxides for PIBs.Then,feasible improvement strategies for the material properties and electrochemical performance are introduced.Finally,the existing challenges and perspectives are discussed with a view to promoting the development of vanadium oxides and accelerating their practical applications.
基金The authors acknowledge the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52175474 and 51775324)the China Scholarship Council(No.202006890054).
文摘Three-dimensional printing technologies exhibit tremendous potential in the advancing fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to the precise spatial control over depositing the biomaterial.Despite their widespread utilization and numerous advantages,the development of suitable novel biomaterials for extrusion-based 3D printing of scaffolds that support cell attachment,proliferation,and vascularization remains a challenge.Multi-material composite hydrogels present incredible potential in this field.Thus,in this work,a multi-material composite hydrogel with a promising formulation of chitosan/gelatin functionalized with egg white was developed,which provides good printability and shape fidelity.In addition,a series of comparative analyses of different crosslinking agents and processes based on tripolyphosphate(TPP),genipin(GP),and glutaraldehyde(GTA)were investigated and compared to select the ideal crosslinking strategy to enhance the physicochemical and biological properties of the fabricated scaffolds.All of the results indicate that the composite hydrogel and the resulting scaffolds utilizing TPP crosslinking have great potential in tissue engineering,especially for supporting neo-vessel growth into the scaffold and promoting angiogenesis within engineered tissues.
基金supported partially by the Center for Advanced Systems Understanding(CASUS),which is financed by Germany’s Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF),and by the state government of Saxony from the State budget approved by the Saxon State Parliament.This work has received funding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2022 research and innovation program(Grant No.101076233,“PREXTREME”)The PIMC calculations were carried out at the Norddeutscher Verbund für Hoch-und Höchstleistungsrechnen(HLRN)under Grant No.shp00026,and on a Bull Cluster at the Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing(ZIH)at Technische Universität Dresden.
文摘An accurate theoretical description of the dynamic properties of correlated quantum many-body systems,such as the dynamic structure factor S(q,ω),is important in many fields.Unfortunately,highly accurate quantum Monte Carlo methods are usually restricted to the imaginary time domain,and the analytic continuation of the imaginary-time density–density correlation function F(q,τ)to real frequencies is a notoriously hard problem.Here,it is argued that often no such analytic continuation is required because by definition,F(q,τ)contains the same physical information as does S(q,ω),only represented unfamiliarly.Specifically,it is shown how one can directly extract key information such as the temperature or quasi-particle excitation energies from theτdomain,which is highly relevant for equation-of-state measurements of matter under extreme conditions[T.Dornheim et al.,Nat.Commun.13,7911(2022)].As a practical example,ab initio path-integral Monte Carlo results for the uniform electron gas(UEG)are considered,and it is shown that even nontrivial processes such as the roton feature of the UEG at low density[T.Dornheim et al.,Commun.Phys.5,304(2022)]are manifested straightforwardly in F(q,τ).A comprehensive overview is given of various useful properties of F(q,τ)and how it relates to the usual dynamic structure factor.In fact,working directly in theτdomain is advantageous for many reasons and opens up multiple avenues for future applications.
文摘Urban Green Space (UGS) plays an important role in minimizing the negative effects of urbanization on city dwellers, which is predominantly factored into the accessibility to UGS. This study elucidated the distribution and accessibility of UGS in Dhaka, Bangladesh considering the paucity of such important scientific studies in the given area. The methodological structure of this study employed a multispectral Landsat satellite image from 2020 for identifying the logically defined UGSs, as well as a minimum proxy distance being the parameter to estimate accessibility to the UGS through a primary survey scheme and literature review. Considering UGS as a public area, we adopted a hybrid (combination of supervised and unsupervised classification) method followed by post-classification for UGS distribution assessment. The unsupervised classification identified the overall distribution of green spaces, whereas the anomalies of generated classes were rectified during the post-classification. Following the study findings, UGS in Dhaka metropolitan city accounts for only 602 ha or 1.9% of the total geographical space, with Ramna thana ranked as the highest contributor of 111 ha. However, in terms of accessibility to the UGS by city residents, 19.9% of the buildings in Dhaka metropolitan city were computed to be within the determined proxy distance of 500 m around the UGS. Also, parallel to UGS distribution, green space in Ramna thana (111 ha) exhibited the highest accessibility rate (64%) to the UGS compared with other thanas in Dhaka metropolitan city. The baseline findings will contribute to the long-term sustainable urban planning and development of more accessible green spaces in the study area.
基金the financial support from China Scholarship Council(202108080263)Financial support by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)under the project“He Na”(03XP0390C)+1 种基金the German Research Foundation(DFG)under the joint German-Russian DFG project“KIBSS”(448719339)are acknowledgedthe financial support from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)under the project“Ka Si Li”(03XP0254D)in the competence cluster“Excell Batt Mat”。
文摘Transition metal sulfides have been regarded as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIB).However,they face the challenges of poor electronic conductivity and large volume change,which result in capacity fade and low rate capability.In this work,a composite containing ultrasmall CoS(~7 nm)nanoparticles embedded in heteroatom(N,S,and O)-doped carbon was synthesized by an efficient one-step sulfidation process using a Co(Salen)precursor.The ultrasmall CoS nanoparticles are beneficial for mechanical stability and shortening Na-ions diffusion pathways.Furthermore,the N,S,and O-doped defect-rich carbon provides a robust and highly conductive framework enriched with active sites for sodium storage as well as mitigates volume expansion and polysulfide shuttle.As anode for SIB,CoS@HDC exhibits a high initial capacity of 906 mA h g^(-1)at 100 mA g^(-1)and a stable long-term cycling life with over 1000 cycles at 500 mA g^(-1),showing a reversible capacity of 330 mA h g^(-1).Meanwhile,the CoS@HDC anode is proven to maintain its structural integrity and compositional reversibility during cycling.Furthermore,Na-ion full batteries based on the CoS@HDC anode and Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode demonstrate a stable cycling behavior with a reversible specific capacity of~200 m A h g^(-1)at least for 100 cycles.Moreover,advanced synchrotron operando X-ray diffraction,ex-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy,and comprehensive electrochemical tests reveal the structural transformation and the Co coordination chemistry evolution of the CoS@HDC during cycling,providing fundamental insights into the sodium storage mechanism.
文摘We revisit the epoch of cosmic speed-up characterized by the redshift of transition from a decelerated to an accelerated phase.This redshift is termed the transition redshift(z_(t)).We use the spatially flat and non-flat variants of the most commonΛCDM and XCDM models to put constraints on the transition redshift along with the other model parameters.The data for this analysis come from the recent and updated Pantheon+supernova(SN)data set and the Hubble parameter measurements obtained from Cosmic Chronometers.We consider both data sets with their respective covariance matrices incorporating all statistical and systematic uncertainties.We observe that using the combined data sets of H(z)and SNe,the best fit value of transition redshift lies in the range 0.61<z_(t)<0.79 for all four dark energy models.Incidentally,we observe a positive curvature for the non-flat models,correlations between several model parameters and a strong degeneracy between the curvature and the equation of state parameter.
基金This research was conducted within the DECOVALEX-2023 projectDECOVALEX is an international research project comprising participants from industry,government,and academia,focusing on development of understanding,models and codes in complex coupled problems in sub-surface geological and engineering applications.DECOVALEX-2023 is the current phase of the project.The authors appreciate the DECOVALEX-2023 Funding Organisations Andra,BASE,BGE,BGR,CAS,CNSC,COVRA,US DOE,ENRESA,ENSI,JAEA,KAERI,NWMO,RWM,SÚRAO,SSM and Taipower for their financial and technical support of the work described in this paper.The statements made in the paper are,however,solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Funding Organisations.This work was further supported by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action(BMWK).
文摘Dilatancy-controlled gas flow in preferential pathways plays a key role in the safety analysis of radioactive waste repositories.This is particularly the case for bentonite,an often-preferred barrier material.Gas flow in preferential pathways is characterized by localization and spontaneous behavior,which is challenging to simulate in numerical models due to strong hydro-mechanical coupling.To analyze a laboratory experiment in the framework of the DECOVALEX-2023 project,this study introduced a new approach of combining continuous modelling methods with spatial material properties derived from material heterogeneities and experimental observations.The proposed model utilized hydro-mechanical spatial distributions,namely Young’s modulus and gas entry pressure,and elastoplasticity combined with a linear swelling model.A conceptual strain-dependent permeability approach simulated dilatancycontrolled gas flow based on hydro-mechanical coupling.To test the effectiveness of the presented approach,a gas injection test in a compacted,saturated bentonite sample was simulated using the opensource code OpenGeoSys 5.8 and compared with experimental observations.The presented methodology is capable of simulating localized gas flow in preferential pathways.The spatial distributions of Young’s modulus and gas entry pressure affect the swelling pressure,relative permeability and,in combination with the strain-dependent permeability model,also the intrinsic permeability.
文摘Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)poses a significant challenge due to the lack of reliable prognostic gene signatures and an understanding of its immune behavior.Methods:We analyzed clinical information and mRNA expression data from 162 TNBC patients in TCGA-BRCA and 320 patients in METABRIC-BRCA.Utilizing weighted gene coexpression network analysis,we pinpointed 34 TNBC immune genes linked to survival.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression method identified key TNBC immune candidates for prognosis prediction.We calculated chemotherapy sensitivity scores using the“pRRophetic”package in R software and assessed immunotherapy response using the Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion algorithm.Results:In this study,34 survival-related TNBC immune gene expression profiles were identified.A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-Cox regression model was used and 15 candidates were prioritized,with a concomitant establishment of a robust risk immune classifier.The high-risk TNBC immune groups showed increased sensitivity to therapeutic agents like RO-3306,Tamoxifen,Sunitinib,JNK Inhibitor VIII,XMD11-85h,BX-912,and Tivozanib.An analysis of the Search Tool for Interaction of Chemicals database revealed the associations between the high-risk group and signaling pathways,such as those involving Rap1,Ras,and PI3K-Akt.The low-risk group showed a higher immunotherapy response rate,as observed through the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion analysis in the TCGA-TNBC and METABRIC-TNBC cohorts.Conclusion:This study provides insights into the immune complexities of TNBC,paving the way for novel diagnostic approaches and precision treatment methods that exploit its immunological intricacies,thus offering hope for improved management and outcomes of this challenging disease.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1904500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21801251,51502036,and 21875037)+2 种基金Young Top Talent of Fujian Young Eagle Program of Fujian Province,Educational Commis-sion of Fujian Province(2022G02022)Natural Science Foundation of Fuzhou City(2022-Y-004)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2023J02013).
文摘Aqueous rechargeable batteries are safe and environmentally friendly and can be made at a low cost;as such,they are attracting attention in the field of energy storage.However,the temperature sensitivity of aqueous batteries hinders their practical application.The solvent water freezes at low temperatures,and there is a reduction in ionic conductivity,whereas it evaporates rapidly at high temperatures,which causes increased side reactions.This review discusses recent progress in improving the performance of aqueous batteries,mainly with respect to electrolyte engineering and the associated strategies employed to achieve such improvements over a wide temperature domain.The review focuses on fi ve electrolyte engineer-ing(aqueous high-concentration electrolytes,organic electrolytes,quasi-solid/solid electrolytes,hybrid electrolytes,and eutectic electrolytes)and investigates the mechanisms involved in reducing the solidifi cation point and boiling point of the electrolyte and enhancing the extreme-temperature electrochemical performance.Finally,the prospect of further improving the wide temperature range performance of aqueous rechargeable batteries is presented.
基金supported by a Volkswagen Foundation Freigeist fellowship(A110720)by an European Research Council starting grant(678071-ProNeurons)supported by the Dresden International Graduate School for Biomedicine and Bioengineering(DIGS-BB)program
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small RNA molecules with important roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.In recent years,the predicted number of miRNAs has skyrocketed,largely as a consequence of high-throughput sequencing technologies becoming ubiquitous.This dramatic increase in miRNA candidates poses multiple challenges in terms of data deposition,curation,and validation.Although multiple databases containing miRNA annotations and targets have been developed,ensuring data quality by validating miRNA-target interactions requires the efforts of the research community.In order to generate databases containing biologically active miRNAs,it is imperative to overcome a multitude of hurdles,including restricted miRNA expression patterns,distinct miRNA biogenesis machineries,and divergent miRNA-mRNA interaction dynamics.In the present review,we discuss recent advances and limitations in miRNA prediction,identification,and validation.Lastly,we focus on the most enriched neuronal miRNA,miR-124,and its gene regulatory network in human neurons,which has been revealed using a combined computational and experimental approach.
基金Supported by The Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care to CAMH for the salaries of scientists and infrastructureThe contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Ministry of Health and Long Term Care
文摘Unrecorded alcohol includes illegally distributed alcohol as well as homemade or surrogate alcohol which is unintended for consumption by humans(e.g.,cosmetics containing alcohol).The highest unrecorded alcohol consumption occurs in Eastern Europe and some of these countries have an over proportional liver cirrhosis mortality.Compounds besides ethanol have been hypothesized as being responsible for this observation.On the other hand,chemical investigations were unable to prove that unrecorded alcohol regularly contains contaminants above toxicological thresholds.However,illegally produced spirits regularly contain higher percentages of alcohol(above 45%by volume),but for considerably less costs compared with licit beverages,potentially causing more problematic patterns of drinking.In this review,it is investigated whether patterns of drinking rather than product composition can explain the liver cirrhosis mortality rates.Statistical examination of World Health Organization country data shows that the originally detected correlation of the percentage of unrecorded alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis mortality rates disappears when the data is adjusted for the prevalence of heavy episodic drinking.It may be concluded that there is currently a lack of data to demonstrate causality between the composition of illicit spirits(e.g.,higher levels of certain contaminants in home-produced products)and liver toxicity on a population scale.Exceptions may be cases of poisoning with antiseptic liquids containing compounds such as polyhexamethyleneguanidine,which were reported to be consumed as surrogate alcohol in Russia,leading to an outbreak of acute cholestatic liver injury,histologically different from conventional alcoholic liver disease.
文摘Viruses are extremely heterogeneous entities; the size and the nature of their genetic information, as well as the strategies employed to amplify and propagate their genomes, are highly variable. However, as obligatory intracellular parasites, replication of all viruses relies on the host cell. Having co-evolved with their host for several million years, viruses have developed very sophisticated strategies to hijack cellular factors that promote virus uptake, replication, and spread. Identification of host cell factors(HCFs) required for these processes is a major challenge for researchers, but it enables the identification of new, highly selective targets for anti viral therapeutics. To this end, the establishment of platforms enabling genome-wide high-throughput RNA interference(HT-RNAi) screens has led to the identification of several key factors involved in the viral lifecycle. A number of genome-wide HT-RNAi screens have been performed for major human pathogens. These studies enable first inter-viral comparisons related to HCF requirements. Although several cellular functions appear to be uniformly required for the life cycle of most viruses tested(such as the proteasome and the Golgi-mediated secretory pathways), some factors, like the lipid kinase Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase Ⅲα in the case of hepatitis C virus, are selectively required for individual viruses. However, despite the amount of data available, we are still far away from a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between viruses and host factors. Major limitations towards this goal are the low sensitivity and specificity of such screens, resulting in limited overlap between different screens performed with the same virus. This review focuses on how statistical and bioinformatic analysis methods applied to HTRNAi screens can help overcoming these issues thus increasing the reliability and impact of such studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21805162 and 21671096)National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFB0104300)+3 种基金Key Program of the Natural Science Foundation of China(51732005)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power(2018B030322001)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries(No.ZDSYS201802081843465)Research Support for Postdoctoral Scholars coming to Shenzhen(K19407556)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries possess overwhelming energy density of 2654 Wh kg-1,and are considered as the next-generation battery technology for energy demanding applications.Flooded electrolytes are ubiquitously employed in cells to ensure sufficient redox kinetics and preclude the interference of the electrolyte depletion due to side reactions with the lithium metal anode.This strategy is capable of enabling long-lasting,high-capacity and excellent-rate battery performances,but it mask the requirements of practical Li-S batteries,where high-sulfur-loading/content and lean electrolyte are prerequisite to realize the energy-dense Li-S batteries.Sparingly and highly solvating electrolytes have emerged as effective yet simple approaches to decrease the electrolyte/sulfur ratio through altering sulfur species and exerting new reaction pathways.Sparingly solvating electrolytes are characterized by few free solvents to solvate lithium polysulfides,rendering a quasi-solid sulfur conversion and decoupling the reaction mechanisms from electrolyte quantity used in cells;while highly solvating electrolytes adopt highdonicity or high-permittivity solvents and take their advantages of strong solvation ability toward polysulfide intermediates,thereby favoring the polysulfide formation and stabilizing unique radicals,which subsequently accelerate redox kinetics.Both solvation chemistry approaches have their respective features to allow the operation of cells under electrolyte-starved conditions.This Review discusses their unique features and basic physicochemical properties in the working Li-S batteries,presents remaining technical and scientific issues and provides future directions for the electrolyte chemistry to attain highenergy Li-S batteries.
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
文摘Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a common clinical practice to visualize defects and to distinguish different tissue types and pathologies in the human body.So far,MRI data have not been used to model and generate a patient-specific design of multilayered tissue substitutes in the case of interfacial defects.For orthopedic cases that require highly individual surgical treatment,implant fabrication by additive manufacturing holds great potential.Extrusion-based techniques like 3D plot-ting allow the spatially defined application of several materials,as well as implementation of bioprinting strategies.With the example of a typical multi-zonal osteochondral defect in an osteochondritis dissecans(OCD)patient,this study aimed to close the technological gap between MRI analysis and the additive manufacturing process of an implant based on dif-ferent biomaterial inks.A workflow was developed which covers the processing steps of MRI-based defect identification,segmentation,modeling,implant design adjustment,and implant generation.A model implant was fabricated based on two biomaterial inks with clinically relevant properties that would allow for bioprinting,the direct embedding of a patient’s own cells in the printing process.As demonstrated by the geometric compatibility of the designed and fabricated model implant in a stereolithography(SLA)model of lesioned femoral condyles,a novel versatile CAD/CAM workflow was successfully established that opens up new perspectives for the treatment of multi-zonal(osteochondral)defects.
基金The authors acknowledge the funding support from the Key Deployment Projects of Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDRW_CN_2020-1)the Sino-German Cooperation Research Project under the Natural Science Foundation of China(51761135108)+1 种基金the German Research Foundation(392417756)the CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team.
文摘The leaching performance and leaching kinetics of LiFePO_(4)(LFP)and Al in Al-bearing spent LFP cathode powder were systematically studied.The effects of temperature(273−368 K),stirring speed(200−950 r/min),reaction time(0−240 min),acid-to-material ratio(0.1:1−1:1 mL/g)and liquid-to-solid ratio(3:1−9:1 mL/g)on the leaching process were investigated.The results show that the concentration of reactants and the temperature have a greater impact on the leaching of Al.Under the optimal conditions,leaching efficiencies of LFP and Al are 91.53%and 15.98%,respectively.The kinetic study shows that the leaching of LFP is kinetically controlled by mixed surface reaction and diffusion,with an activation energy of 22.990 kJ/mol;whereas the leaching of Al is only controlled by surface chemical reaction,with an activation energy of 46.581 kJ/mol.A low leaching temperature can effectively suppress the dissolving of Al during the acid leaching of the spent LFP cathode material.
基金H.L.acknowledges the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0405400)from the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)of Chinathe Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scientist of Shandong Province(Grant No.JQ201814)+6 种基金We thank the Project of“20 items of University”of Jinan(2018GXRC031)W.Z thanks Taishan Scholars Project Special Funds(tsqn201812083)and NSFC(No.52022037)The authors show their gratitude to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC grant No.51802113,51802116)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(grant No.ZR2019BEM040,ZR2018BEM015)M.H.R.thanks the National Science Foundation China(NSFC,Project 52071225)the National Science Center and the Czech Republic under the ERDF program“Institute of Environmental Technology-Excellent Research”(No.CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000853)the Sino-German Research Institute for support(Project No.GZ 1400).
文摘The rapid development of two-dimensional(2D)transition-metal dichalcogenides has been possible owing to their special structures and remarkable properties.In particular,palladium diselenide(PdSe_(2))with a novel pentagonal structure and unique physical characteristics have recently attracted extensive research inter-est.Consequently,tremendous research progress has been achieved regarding the physics,chemistry,and electronics of PdSe_(2).Accordingly,in this review,we recapitulate and summarize the most recent research on PdSe_(2),including its structure,properties,synthesis,and appli-cations.First,a mechanical exfoliation method to obtain PdSe_(2) nanosheets is introduced,and large-area synthesis strate-gies are explained with respect to chemical vapor deposition and metal selenization.Next,the electronic and optoelectronic properties of PdSe_(2) and related hetero-structures,such as field-effect transistors,photodetectors,sensors,and thermoelec-tric devices,are discussed.Subsequently,the integration of systems into infrared image sensors on the basis of PdSe_(2) van der Waals heterostructures is explored.Finally,future opportunities are highlighted to serve as a general guide for physicists,chemists,materials scientists,and engineers.Therefore,this com-prehensive review may shed light on the research conducted by the 2D material community.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2019YFB1803102
文摘To provide global service with low latency, the broadband low earth orbits (LEO) satellite constellation based communication systems have become one of the focuses in academic and industry. To allow for wideband access for user links, the feeder link of LEO satellite is correspondingly required to support high throughput data communications. To this end, we propose to apply line-of-sight (LoS) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission for the feeder link to achieve spatial multiplexing by optimizing the antenna arrangement. Unlike the LoS MIMO applications for static scenarios, the movement of LEO satellites make it impractical to adjust the optimal antenna separation for all possible satellite positions. To address this issue, we propose to design the antenna placement to maximize the ergodic channel capacity during the visible region of the ground station. We first derive the closed-form probability distribution of the satellite trajectory in visible region. Based on which the ergodic channel capacity can be then calculated numerically. The antenna placement can be further optimized to maximize the ergodic channel capacity. Numerical results verify the derived probability distribution of the satellite trajectory, and show that the proposed LoS MIMO scheme can significantly increase the ergodic channel capacity compared with the existing SISO one.
