Objective Combination immunotherapy strategies targeting OX40,a co-stimulatory molecule that can enhance antitumor immunity by modulating the proliferation,differentiation,and effector function of tumor-infiltrating T...Objective Combination immunotherapy strategies targeting OX40,a co-stimulatory molecule that can enhance antitumor immunity by modulating the proliferation,differentiation,and effector function of tumor-infiltrating T cells,have attracted much attention for their excellent therapeutic effects.In this study,we aimed to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of combined anti-OX40 and hepatitis B core viruslike particles(HBc VLPs)therapy using a mouse colon cancer model.Methods Humanized B-h OX40 mice were injected subcutaneously with MC38 colon tumor cells and treated with HBc VLPs+anti-h OX40 antibody.Tumor growth was monitored.Flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate the populations of T cell subsets in the tumors.Results The combination of anti-OX40 with HBc VLPs resulted in a significant delay in tumor growth,suggesting that a potent antitumor immunity was induced by the combination therapy.Further studies revealed that HBc VLPs+anti-OX40 treatment induced a significant increase in effector T cells(Teffs)and a significant decrease in regulatory T cells(Tregs)in the tumor microenvironment(TME),which accounted for the synergistic antitumor effect of anti-OX40 in combination with HBc VLPs.Conclusion Combination therapy of anti-h OX40 and HBc VLPs provides synergistic antitumor activity in colon cancer-bearing mice,which may represent a potential design strategy for cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
1 Scope This standard specifies the principles of dietary guidance, energy intake, and recommended nutrient intake for patients with hyperuricemia and gout.This standard is applicable to providing dietary guidance to ...1 Scope This standard specifies the principles of dietary guidance, energy intake, and recommended nutrient intake for patients with hyperuricemia and gout.This standard is applicable to providing dietary guidance to adult patients with hyperuricemia and gout who do not have compromised kidney function or other concurrent diseases.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is a global public health concern affecting an estimated 537 million people,and patients with diabetes are more susceptible to developing chronic wounds^([1,2]).The wound healing process is often aff...Diabetes mellitus is a global public health concern affecting an estimated 537 million people,and patients with diabetes are more susceptible to developing chronic wounds^([1,2]).The wound healing process is often affected by various factors,including infection,tissue hypoxia,necrosis,exudates,and excessive inflammatory cytokines^([3]).Presently,there is no effective treatment for refractory wound healing,and the development of new techniques and therapeutic strategies is urgently required for patients with diabetes who have chronic wounds.展开更多
The autumn season marks the peak incidence of respiratory diseases.In order to further enhance the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in China and safeguard public health,the Academic Conference...The autumn season marks the peak incidence of respiratory diseases.In order to further enhance the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in China and safeguard public health,the Academic Conference on Vaccines Preventing Respiratory Infections,organized by the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association(CPMA).展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by a combination of hyperglycemia, reduced insulin sensitivity, and/or relative impairment of insulin secretion[1]. Renal damage, which is a major mi...Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by a combination of hyperglycemia, reduced insulin sensitivity, and/or relative impairment of insulin secretion[1]. Renal damage, which is a major microvascular complication of DM and a progressive kidney disease, has been considered the most common cause of end-stage renal disease[2]. Renal fibrosis is a common outcome of progressive renal damage.展开更多
Objective To investigate involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(Ah R)in the immunomodulatory effects of cadmium(Cd).Methods The effect of Cd on Ah R activation(CYP1 A1 and CYP1 B1 m RNA expression)was examined i...Objective To investigate involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(Ah R)in the immunomodulatory effects of cadmium(Cd).Methods The effect of Cd on Ah R activation(CYP1 A1 and CYP1 B1 m RNA expression)was examined in lung leukocytes of Cd-exposed rats(5 and 50 mg/L,30 d orally)and by in vitro leukocyte exposure.The involvement of Ah R signaling in the effects of Cd on the interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)lung leukocyte response was investigated in vitro using the receptor antagonist CH-223191.Results Cd increased CYP1 B1(in vivo and in vitro)and CYP1 A1(in vitro)m RNA,indicating Ah R involvement in the action of Cd.In response to Cd,lung leukocytes increased IL-6 and decreased TNF at the gene expression and protein levels,but decreased IL-1βproduction due to reduced NLRP3.The Ah R antagonist CH-223191 abrogated the observed effects of Cd on the cytokine response.The absence of Ah R reactivity and cytokine response to Cd of leukocytes from the lungs of a rat strain that is less sensitive to Cd toxicity coincided with a high Ah R repressor m RNA level.Conclusion Ah R signaling is involved in the lung leukocyte proinflammatory cytokine response to Cd.The relevance of the Ah R to the cytokine response to Cd provides new insight into the mechanisms of Cd immunotoxicity.展开更多
Objective To estimate the burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases caused by specific etiologies in China.Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016(GBD 2016)were used.We evaluated the burde...Objective To estimate the burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases caused by specific etiologies in China.Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016(GBD 2016)were used.We evaluated the burden by analyzing age-sex-province-specific prevalence,mortality,and disability-adjusted lifeyears(DALYs)of 33 provinces in China.Results From 1990 to 2016,prevalence cases in thousands increased by 73.7%from 6833.3(95%UI:6498.0–7180.6)to 11869.6(95%UI:11274.6–12504.7).Age-standardized mortality and DALY rates per100,000 decreased by 51.2%and 53.3%,respectively.Male and elderly people(aged≥60 years)preponderance were found for prevalence,mortality,and DALYs.The number of prevalence cases,deaths,and DALYs due to hepatitis C virus(HCV)increased by 86.6%,8.7%,and 0.9%,respectively.Also,age-standardized prevalence rates decreased in 31 provinces,but increased in Yunnan and Shandong.The Socio-demographic Index(SDI)values were negatively correlated with age-standardized mortality and DALY rates by provinces in 2016;the correlation coefficients were-0.817 and-0.828,respectively.Conclusion Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases remain a huge health burden in China,with the increase of population and the aging of population.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)remains the leading cause of the health burden in China.展开更多
Hypertension has been a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease[1].Hypertension overall prevalence in adults is 30%–45%,becoming>60%in people aged above 60 years[2],with a worldwide agestandardised prevalence...Hypertension has been a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease[1].Hypertension overall prevalence in adults is 30%–45%,becoming>60%in people aged above 60 years[2],with a worldwide agestandardised prevalence of 20 and 24%in women and men,respectively[3].展开更多
Because linseed oil may influence maternal and fetal metabolisms,we investigated its role in the modulation of lipid metabolism in cafeteria diet-induced obese rats and their offspring.Female Wistar rats were fed cont...Because linseed oil may influence maternal and fetal metabolisms,we investigated its role in the modulation of lipid metabolism in cafeteria diet-induced obese rats and their offspring.Female Wistar rats were fed control or cafeteria food,which were either supplemented or not supplemented with linseed oil(5%)for 1 month before and during gestation.At parturition,serum and tissue lipids and enzyme activities were analyzed.Cafeteria diet induced adverse metabolic alterations in both mothers and offspring.Linseed oil improved metabolic status.In conclusion,展开更多
To investigate the mechanisms of microwave induced pacemaker cell injuries, Wistar rats and the primary pacemaker cells of newborn Wistar rats were exposed to microwave at average power density of 50 m W/cm2. Slower s...To investigate the mechanisms of microwave induced pacemaker cell injuries, Wistar rats and the primary pacemaker cells of newborn Wistar rats were exposed to microwave at average power density of 50 m W/cm2. Slower spontaneous beating rate, intercellular Ca2+ aggregation and cell membrane perforation were detected immediately after the exposure. Moreover, hyperpolarizationactivated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel 4(HCN4) was down-regulated immediately after the exposure and up-regulated at 12 h after the exposure. In the sinoatrial node(SAN) of the rats, HCN4 expression increased from day 1 to day 28 after microwave exposure, then declined from 3rd month to 6th month, which was consistent with the changes of ratio of β1-adrenergic receptor(β1-AR) and muscarinic type 2 acetylcholine receptor(M2-Ach R). In conclusion, dynamic expression of HCN4, together with changes of β1-AR and M2-Ach R expression, was involved in microwave induced pacemaker cell injuries.展开更多
Objective Pigs, as hosts of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species/genotypes, are domestic animals with public health significance. The present study was to characterize the infection rate and species/genotype of Cryptospor...Objective Pigs, as hosts of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species/genotypes, are domestic animals with public health significance. The present study was to characterize the infection rate and species/genotype of Cryptosporidium in pre-weaned and post-weaned pigs from Shanghai and Shaoxing, China. Methods A total of 208 fecal samples (42 from pre-weaned piglets, and 166 from post-weaned pigs) were examined by nested PCR of the 18S rRNA gene and analyzed by phylogenetic DNA fragment sequencing of secondary PCR products. Results Infection was detected in 79 samples (19/42 pre-weaned piglets, and 60/166 post-weaned pigs). C. suis (14/79) and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II (65/79) were identified; piglets were more susceptible to the former (13/14) and post-weaned pigs to the latter (59/65). Conclusion Infection of Cryptosporidium spp. in pigs was age-specific; piglets weremore susceptible to C. suis while pigs were more susceptible to Cryptosporidium pig genotype II. These findings combined with the isolation of the two Cryptosporidium from water suggest that pigs may be a source of zoonotic Cryptosporidium water pollution. Improvements in pig feeding practices, sewage discharge, feces disposal and field worker protection are therefore important to prevent potential public health problems.展开更多
Objective To investigate the in vitro effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester(CAPE),a NF-κB inhibitor,on the apoptosis of osteoarthritic(OA)chondrocytes and on the regulation of the gelatinases matrix metalloproteinas...Objective To investigate the in vitro effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester(CAPE),a NF-κB inhibitor,on the apoptosis of osteoarthritic(OA)chondrocytes and on the regulation of the gelatinases matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)and matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9).Methods Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide(PI)labeling and western blotting were used to observe and determine the apoptosis in TNFα-stimulated primary cultured osteoarthritic chondrocytes.Also,gelatin zymography was applied to examine MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in supernatants.Results It was confirmed by both flow cytometry and western blotting that chondrocytes from OA patients have an apoptotic background.Use of CAPE in combination with 10 ng/mL of TNFα for 24 h facilitated the apoptosis.MMP-9 in the supernatant could be autoactivated(from proMMP-9 to active MMP-9),and the physiologic calcium concentration(2.5 mmol/L)could delay the autoactivation of MMP-9.The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the fresh supernatant increased significantly in response to stimulation by 10 ng/mL of TNFα for 24 h.The stimulatory effect of TNFα just on proMMP-9 was counteracted significantly by CAPE.Conclusion NF-κB could prevent chondrocytes apoptosis though its activation was attributed to the increase of proMMP-9 activity induced by TNFα(a pro-apoptotic factor).Therefore,therapeutic NF-κB inhibitor was a 'double-edged swords' to the apoptosis of chondrocytes and the secretion of MMP-9.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the factors of CXCR4, CXCL12, CD44, and CD147 as early potential diagnostic biomarkers by determining their expression levels in invasive and non-invasive pituitary adenomas. Methods Fresh pituit...Objective To evaluate the factors of CXCR4, CXCL12, CD44, and CD147 as early potential diagnostic biomarkers by determining their expression levels in invasive and non-invasive pituitary adenomas. Methods Fresh pituitary adenoma specimens were collected from 35 pituitary adenoma (21 invasive and 14 non-invasive) patients who underwent surgical treatment in our Neurosurgery Department between January and April of 2009. The expression levels of CXCR4, CXCL12, CD44, and CD147 were evaluated firstly by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy in single cell suspensions, and then by immunohistochemical staining of paraffin tissue sections. Results Flow cytometric analyses showed that the percentage of CXCR4-and CXCL12-positive cells from invasive pituitary adenomas (IPA) was significantly higher in the single cell suspensions than that from non-invasive pituitary adenomas (nIPA) (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that CXCR4 and CXCL12 staining index scores of the invasive pituitary adenomas were significantly higher than those of the non-invasive pituitary adenomas (P<0.05). In contrast, neither flow cytometry nor immunohistochemical staining demonstrated significant difference between CD44 and CD147 expression levels, respectively. Conclusion Expression levels of CXCR4 and CXCL12 are correlated with the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas. Therefore, rather than CD44 and CD147, CXCR4 and CXCL12 may potentially serve as biomarkers for early detection of pituitary adenomas.展开更多
Objective To develop a rapid multi-residue assay for detecting 16 demanded by the European Union (EU). Methods A recombinant penicillin-binding protein(PBP)2x* from Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 was expressed in vitro a...Objective To develop a rapid multi-residue assay for detecting 16 demanded by the European Union (EU). Methods A recombinant penicillin-binding protein(PBP)2x* from Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 was expressed in vitro and six β-lactams were conjugated to HRP by four methods.A rapid multi-residue assay for β-lactams was established with PBP2x* and HRP-conjugate. Results PBP2x* was expressed and purified successfully and the ideal HRP-conjugate was identified. The multi-residue assay was developed.After optimization,penicillin G,ampicillin,amoxicillin, cloxacillin,dicloxacillin,oxacillin,nafcillin,cephalexin,ceftiofur,cefaIonium,cefquinome,cefazolin, cefoperazone,cephacetrile,and cephapirin can be detected at levels below MRL in milk with simple pretreatment. Conclusion This assay developed can detect all 16 β-lactams demanded by the European Union(EU). The whole procedure takes only 45 min and can detect 42 samples and the standards with duplicate analysis.展开更多
Paraquat, is a Bipy herbicide have been widely used in last decade in China. Because of its high human toxicity and mortality characteristics, paraquat has been gained considerable attention in recent years. In order ...Paraquat, is a Bipy herbicide have been widely used in last decade in China. Because of its high human toxicity and mortality characteristics, paraquat has been gained considerable attention in recent years. In order to evaluate the epidemic status of paraquat harm to human health in China,展开更多
Objective To characterize the relationship between the refolding process of recombinant bovine β-lactoglobulin and its immunoreactivity for clinical purposes.To establish a spectral method which examine the extent of...Objective To characterize the relationship between the refolding process of recombinant bovine β-lactoglobulin and its immunoreactivity for clinical purposes.To establish a spectral method which examine the extent of recombinant allergen renaturation.Methods The refolding process of recombinant bovine β-lactoglobulin was investigated by using circular dichroism,fluorescence and synchronous fluorescence spectra.IgE-binding capacity of recombinant protein was analyzed by ELISA.In addition,bioinformatic methods were used to explain the spectral characteristics and analyze the relationship between the conformational changes and the immunoreactivity of the protein during renaturation in vitro.Results Renaturation of recombinant bovine β-lactoglobulin resulted in a more compact structure resembling the natural counterpart with stronger IgE-binding capacity.Conclusion The degree of protein renaturation correlated with the IgE-binding capacity of the protein.Results from this study may be of help for food allergy therapy and development of vaccination in the future.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect of dietary calcium on plasma lipoprotein profile in castrated and ovariectomized hamsters.Methods Male,castrated,female and ovariectomized hamsters(n=36 each group) were randomly di...Objective To investigate the effect of dietary calcium on plasma lipoprotein profile in castrated and ovariectomized hamsters.Methods Male,castrated,female and ovariectomized hamsters(n=36 each group) were randomly divided into three sub-groups(n=12) and fed one of the three diets containing 0,2,and 8 g calcium per kg diet for a period of six weeks.Changes in plasma lipoprotein profile were monitored at the end of week 0,3 and 6.Results Plasma total cholesterol(TC),non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C),triacylglycerols(TG) and TC/HDL-C were decreased only in intact female and ovariectomized hamsters.In contrast,three levels of dietary calcium had no effect on lipoprotein profiles in both intact male and castrated hamsters.Conclusion Beneficial modification of lipoprotein profile by dietary calcium was gender-dependent at least in hamsters.展开更多
Objective To examine the presence of gender differences in pulmonary inflammation evoked by acute systemic cadmium administration in rats. Methods Presence of basic indicators of lung inflammation (inflammatory cytoki...Objective To examine the presence of gender differences in pulmonary inflammation evoked by acute systemic cadmium administration in rats. Methods Presence of basic indicators of lung inflammation (inflammatory cytokine lung content, leukocyte infiltration and activity of cells recovered from lungs by enzyme digestion) was analyzed and compared in animals of the two sexes. Results Intraperitoneal administration of cadmium (1.0 mg/kg) resulted in higher cadmium content in lungs of female rats. Higher tumor necrosis factor (TNF) content was noted in lung homogenates of male rats, while interleukin-6 (IL-6) content was slightly, but signifaicantly greater in lungs of female rats. Increased leukocyte infiltration was observed in lungs of male rats, mainly due to neutrophils. Increased responsiveness to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation was noted in cells recovered from lungs of male rats. Rise in intracellular content of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was noted in lung cells from cadmium-treated rats of both sexes, but higher in cells from male rats. Conclusion Presented data documented a more intense pulmonary inflammatory response to systemic cadmium administration in males, with higher IL-6 levels in lungs of female individuals. These sex differences in proinflamatory activity of cadmium in lungs should be taken into consideration in studying the remote toxicity of this heavy metal.展开更多
Objective To explore reported willingness and factors associated with utilization of voluntary counseling and testing services by female sex workers (FSWs) in China and to offer recommendations to optimize use of such...Objective To explore reported willingness and factors associated with utilization of voluntary counseling and testing services by female sex workers (FSWs) in China and to offer recommendations to optimize use of such services.Methods A questionnaire to explore willingness to use VCT was designed based on social ecological theory and formative qualitative research.A cross-sectional survey was conducted among FSWs from entertainment venues.Single and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to examine factors associated with reported willingness to utilize VCT.Results A total of 970 FSWs provided valid questionnaires,with 69% (669) expressing willingness to utilize VCT.Factors at the interpersonal level associated with reported willingness included knowledge about VCT,desire to get help if diagnosed as HIV positive,ability to imagine life after an HIV positive diagnosis,and perceived support for VCT from peers,managers,and family members.Availability of free antiretroviral (ARV) treatment represented a factor at policy level.Other factors included intention to leave sex work in the near future,having had a previous HIV test,and lack of a suspected STD history.Conclusions The rate of reported willingness to use VCT among FSWs was substantially higher than that of actual VCT utilization (11%).The next step is to explore the connection between reported willingness and actual use.Based on these findings,peer education,VCT knowledge dissemination,and free ARV treatment should be emphasized to increase FSWs' willingness to use VCT.展开更多
Objectives This study was design to develop a semi-quantitative Chinese Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and to conduct a validation study for the questionnaire. Methods Based on the survey experience in recent year...Objectives This study was design to develop a semi-quantitative Chinese Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and to conduct a validation study for the questionnaire. Methods Based on the survey experience in recent years, a new Chinese food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 149 items in 17 food categories was developed. A validation study on this new FFQ was conducted in Jiangsu and Beijing of China between 1999 and 2001. The period of study covered 1 year and the FFQ was validated by comparing with data obtained by a six repeated 24-hour recalls for 3 consecutive days, or a totally 18-day 24- hour recall throughout the year. A total of 271 healthy adult subjects were enrolled in the study. Food and nutrient intakes measured by the 18-day dietary recalls and food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were computed in the National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, China CDC using the existing nutrition database. The average daily intake of foods and nutrients over the 18-day recall was used to compare with FFQ1 and FFQ2, which was conducted at the beginning and the end of the year, respectively. All statistical analyses were carried out using SAS software version 6.12.展开更多
基金supported by National Major Science and Technology Projects of China 2017ZX10105015-001-002。
文摘Objective Combination immunotherapy strategies targeting OX40,a co-stimulatory molecule that can enhance antitumor immunity by modulating the proliferation,differentiation,and effector function of tumor-infiltrating T cells,have attracted much attention for their excellent therapeutic effects.In this study,we aimed to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of combined anti-OX40 and hepatitis B core viruslike particles(HBc VLPs)therapy using a mouse colon cancer model.Methods Humanized B-h OX40 mice were injected subcutaneously with MC38 colon tumor cells and treated with HBc VLPs+anti-h OX40 antibody.Tumor growth was monitored.Flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate the populations of T cell subsets in the tumors.Results The combination of anti-OX40 with HBc VLPs resulted in a significant delay in tumor growth,suggesting that a potent antitumor immunity was induced by the combination therapy.Further studies revealed that HBc VLPs+anti-OX40 treatment induced a significant increase in effector T cells(Teffs)and a significant decrease in regulatory T cells(Tregs)in the tumor microenvironment(TME),which accounted for the synergistic antitumor effect of anti-OX40 in combination with HBc VLPs.Conclusion Combination therapy of anti-h OX40 and HBc VLPs provides synergistic antitumor activity in colon cancer-bearing mice,which may represent a potential design strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
文摘1 Scope This standard specifies the principles of dietary guidance, energy intake, and recommended nutrient intake for patients with hyperuricemia and gout.This standard is applicable to providing dietary guidance to adult patients with hyperuricemia and gout who do not have compromised kidney function or other concurrent diseases.
文摘Diabetes mellitus is a global public health concern affecting an estimated 537 million people,and patients with diabetes are more susceptible to developing chronic wounds^([1,2]).The wound healing process is often affected by various factors,including infection,tissue hypoxia,necrosis,exudates,and excessive inflammatory cytokines^([3]).Presently,there is no effective treatment for refractory wound healing,and the development of new techniques and therapeutic strategies is urgently required for patients with diabetes who have chronic wounds.
文摘The autumn season marks the peak incidence of respiratory diseases.In order to further enhance the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in China and safeguard public health,the Academic Conference on Vaccines Preventing Respiratory Infections,organized by the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association(CPMA).
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China [81572626 and 82003454]Chinese Nutrition Society-Bright Moon Seaweed Group Nutrition and Health Research Fund [CNS-BMSG2020A63]+1 种基金Chinese Nutrition Society-Zhendong National Physical Fitness and Health Research Fund [CNS-ZD2019066]Key R&D and Promotion Projects in Henan Province [212102310219]。
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by a combination of hyperglycemia, reduced insulin sensitivity, and/or relative impairment of insulin secretion[1]. Renal damage, which is a major microvascular complication of DM and a progressive kidney disease, has been considered the most common cause of end-stage renal disease[2]. Renal fibrosis is a common outcome of progressive renal damage.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Science,and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia[451-03-68/2020-14/200007]。
文摘Objective To investigate involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(Ah R)in the immunomodulatory effects of cadmium(Cd).Methods The effect of Cd on Ah R activation(CYP1 A1 and CYP1 B1 m RNA expression)was examined in lung leukocytes of Cd-exposed rats(5 and 50 mg/L,30 d orally)and by in vitro leukocyte exposure.The involvement of Ah R signaling in the effects of Cd on the interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)lung leukocyte response was investigated in vitro using the receptor antagonist CH-223191.Results Cd increased CYP1 B1(in vivo and in vitro)and CYP1 A1(in vitro)m RNA,indicating Ah R involvement in the action of Cd.In response to Cd,lung leukocytes increased IL-6 and decreased TNF at the gene expression and protein levels,but decreased IL-1βproduction due to reduced NLRP3.The Ah R antagonist CH-223191 abrogated the observed effects of Cd on the cytokine response.The absence of Ah R reactivity and cytokine response to Cd of leukocytes from the lungs of a rat strain that is less sensitive to Cd toxicity coincided with a high Ah R repressor m RNA level.Conclusion Ah R signaling is involved in the lung leukocyte proinflammatory cytokine response to Cd.The relevance of the Ah R to the cytokine response to Cd provides new insight into the mechanisms of Cd immunotoxicity.
文摘Objective To estimate the burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases caused by specific etiologies in China.Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016(GBD 2016)were used.We evaluated the burden by analyzing age-sex-province-specific prevalence,mortality,and disability-adjusted lifeyears(DALYs)of 33 provinces in China.Results From 1990 to 2016,prevalence cases in thousands increased by 73.7%from 6833.3(95%UI:6498.0–7180.6)to 11869.6(95%UI:11274.6–12504.7).Age-standardized mortality and DALY rates per100,000 decreased by 51.2%and 53.3%,respectively.Male and elderly people(aged≥60 years)preponderance were found for prevalence,mortality,and DALYs.The number of prevalence cases,deaths,and DALYs due to hepatitis C virus(HCV)increased by 86.6%,8.7%,and 0.9%,respectively.Also,age-standardized prevalence rates decreased in 31 provinces,but increased in Yunnan and Shandong.The Socio-demographic Index(SDI)values were negatively correlated with age-standardized mortality and DALY rates by provinces in 2016;the correlation coefficients were-0.817 and-0.828,respectively.Conclusion Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases remain a huge health burden in China,with the increase of population and the aging of population.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)remains the leading cause of the health burden in China.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia in China[2016MS0828].
文摘Hypertension has been a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease[1].Hypertension overall prevalence in adults is 30%–45%,becoming>60%in people aged above 60 years[2],with a worldwide agestandardised prevalence of 20 and 24%in women and men,respectively[3].
基金supported by the French Foreign Office(International Research Extension Grant TASSILI 08MDU723)the Algerian Research Project(PNR,2011)
文摘Because linseed oil may influence maternal and fetal metabolisms,we investigated its role in the modulation of lipid metabolism in cafeteria diet-induced obese rats and their offspring.Female Wistar rats were fed control or cafeteria food,which were either supplemented or not supplemented with linseed oil(5%)for 1 month before and during gestation.At parturition,serum and tissue lipids and enzyme activities were analyzed.Cafeteria diet induced adverse metabolic alterations in both mothers and offspring.Linseed oil improved metabolic status.In conclusion,
文摘To investigate the mechanisms of microwave induced pacemaker cell injuries, Wistar rats and the primary pacemaker cells of newborn Wistar rats were exposed to microwave at average power density of 50 m W/cm2. Slower spontaneous beating rate, intercellular Ca2+ aggregation and cell membrane perforation were detected immediately after the exposure. Moreover, hyperpolarizationactivated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel 4(HCN4) was down-regulated immediately after the exposure and up-regulated at 12 h after the exposure. In the sinoatrial node(SAN) of the rats, HCN4 expression increased from day 1 to day 28 after microwave exposure, then declined from 3rd month to 6th month, which was consistent with the changes of ratio of β1-adrenergic receptor(β1-AR) and muscarinic type 2 acetylcholine receptor(M2-Ach R). In conclusion, dynamic expression of HCN4, together with changes of β1-AR and M2-Ach R expression, was involved in microwave induced pacemaker cell injuries.
基金supported by grants from the Chinese Special Program for Scientific Research of Public Health (No.200802012)the National S&T Major Program of China (No.2009ZX10004-201 and No.2012ZX10004-201)
文摘Objective Pigs, as hosts of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species/genotypes, are domestic animals with public health significance. The present study was to characterize the infection rate and species/genotype of Cryptosporidium in pre-weaned and post-weaned pigs from Shanghai and Shaoxing, China. Methods A total of 208 fecal samples (42 from pre-weaned piglets, and 166 from post-weaned pigs) were examined by nested PCR of the 18S rRNA gene and analyzed by phylogenetic DNA fragment sequencing of secondary PCR products. Results Infection was detected in 79 samples (19/42 pre-weaned piglets, and 60/166 post-weaned pigs). C. suis (14/79) and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II (65/79) were identified; piglets were more susceptible to the former (13/14) and post-weaned pigs to the latter (59/65). Conclusion Infection of Cryptosporidium spp. in pigs was age-specific; piglets weremore susceptible to C. suis while pigs were more susceptible to Cryptosporidium pig genotype II. These findings combined with the isolation of the two Cryptosporidium from water suggest that pigs may be a source of zoonotic Cryptosporidium water pollution. Improvements in pig feeding practices, sewage discharge, feces disposal and field worker protection are therefore important to prevent potential public health problems.
文摘Objective To investigate the in vitro effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester(CAPE),a NF-κB inhibitor,on the apoptosis of osteoarthritic(OA)chondrocytes and on the regulation of the gelatinases matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)and matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9).Methods Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide(PI)labeling and western blotting were used to observe and determine the apoptosis in TNFα-stimulated primary cultured osteoarthritic chondrocytes.Also,gelatin zymography was applied to examine MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in supernatants.Results It was confirmed by both flow cytometry and western blotting that chondrocytes from OA patients have an apoptotic background.Use of CAPE in combination with 10 ng/mL of TNFα for 24 h facilitated the apoptosis.MMP-9 in the supernatant could be autoactivated(from proMMP-9 to active MMP-9),and the physiologic calcium concentration(2.5 mmol/L)could delay the autoactivation of MMP-9.The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the fresh supernatant increased significantly in response to stimulation by 10 ng/mL of TNFα for 24 h.The stimulatory effect of TNFα just on proMMP-9 was counteracted significantly by CAPE.Conclusion NF-κB could prevent chondrocytes apoptosis though its activation was attributed to the increase of proMMP-9 activity induced by TNFα(a pro-apoptotic factor).Therefore,therapeutic NF-κB inhibitor was a 'double-edged swords' to the apoptosis of chondrocytes and the secretion of MMP-9.
基金supported by the key program for clinical research foundation of PUMC Hospital(Grant No.200611)
文摘Objective To evaluate the factors of CXCR4, CXCL12, CD44, and CD147 as early potential diagnostic biomarkers by determining their expression levels in invasive and non-invasive pituitary adenomas. Methods Fresh pituitary adenoma specimens were collected from 35 pituitary adenoma (21 invasive and 14 non-invasive) patients who underwent surgical treatment in our Neurosurgery Department between January and April of 2009. The expression levels of CXCR4, CXCL12, CD44, and CD147 were evaluated firstly by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy in single cell suspensions, and then by immunohistochemical staining of paraffin tissue sections. Results Flow cytometric analyses showed that the percentage of CXCR4-and CXCL12-positive cells from invasive pituitary adenomas (IPA) was significantly higher in the single cell suspensions than that from non-invasive pituitary adenomas (nIPA) (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that CXCR4 and CXCL12 staining index scores of the invasive pituitary adenomas were significantly higher than those of the non-invasive pituitary adenomas (P<0.05). In contrast, neither flow cytometry nor immunohistochemical staining demonstrated significant difference between CD44 and CD147 expression levels, respectively. Conclusion Expression levels of CXCR4 and CXCL12 are correlated with the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas. Therefore, rather than CD44 and CD147, CXCR4 and CXCL12 may potentially serve as biomarkers for early detection of pituitary adenomas.
文摘Objective To develop a rapid multi-residue assay for detecting 16 demanded by the European Union (EU). Methods A recombinant penicillin-binding protein(PBP)2x* from Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 was expressed in vitro and six β-lactams were conjugated to HRP by four methods.A rapid multi-residue assay for β-lactams was established with PBP2x* and HRP-conjugate. Results PBP2x* was expressed and purified successfully and the ideal HRP-conjugate was identified. The multi-residue assay was developed.After optimization,penicillin G,ampicillin,amoxicillin, cloxacillin,dicloxacillin,oxacillin,nafcillin,cephalexin,ceftiofur,cefaIonium,cefquinome,cefazolin, cefoperazone,cephacetrile,and cephapirin can be detected at levels below MRL in milk with simple pretreatment. Conclusion This assay developed can detect all 16 β-lactams demanded by the European Union(EU). The whole procedure takes only 45 min and can detect 42 samples and the standards with duplicate analysis.
基金supported by Key Program of Scientific Research of Public Welfare Project from the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China (No 201202006-02)
文摘Paraquat, is a Bipy herbicide have been widely used in last decade in China. Because of its high human toxicity and mortality characteristics, paraquat has been gained considerable attention in recent years. In order to evaluate the epidemic status of paraquat harm to human health in China,
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (30871752)the High-tech Industrialization Funding of Guangdong Province (2009B011300010)
文摘Objective To characterize the relationship between the refolding process of recombinant bovine β-lactoglobulin and its immunoreactivity for clinical purposes.To establish a spectral method which examine the extent of recombinant allergen renaturation.Methods The refolding process of recombinant bovine β-lactoglobulin was investigated by using circular dichroism,fluorescence and synchronous fluorescence spectra.IgE-binding capacity of recombinant protein was analyzed by ELISA.In addition,bioinformatic methods were used to explain the spectral characteristics and analyze the relationship between the conformational changes and the immunoreactivity of the protein during renaturation in vitro.Results Renaturation of recombinant bovine β-lactoglobulin resulted in a more compact structure resembling the natural counterpart with stronger IgE-binding capacity.Conclusion The degree of protein renaturation correlated with the IgE-binding capacity of the protein.Results from this study may be of help for food allergy therapy and development of vaccination in the future.
基金supported by a grant from Hong Kong Research Grant Council(CUHK4622/08M)
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of dietary calcium on plasma lipoprotein profile in castrated and ovariectomized hamsters.Methods Male,castrated,female and ovariectomized hamsters(n=36 each group) were randomly divided into three sub-groups(n=12) and fed one of the three diets containing 0,2,and 8 g calcium per kg diet for a period of six weeks.Changes in plasma lipoprotein profile were monitored at the end of week 0,3 and 6.Results Plasma total cholesterol(TC),non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C),triacylglycerols(TG) and TC/HDL-C were decreased only in intact female and ovariectomized hamsters.In contrast,three levels of dietary calcium had no effect on lipoprotein profiles in both intact male and castrated hamsters.Conclusion Beneficial modification of lipoprotein profile by dietary calcium was gender-dependent at least in hamsters.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technological development of the Republic of Serbia,Grant #153038
文摘Objective To examine the presence of gender differences in pulmonary inflammation evoked by acute systemic cadmium administration in rats. Methods Presence of basic indicators of lung inflammation (inflammatory cytokine lung content, leukocyte infiltration and activity of cells recovered from lungs by enzyme digestion) was analyzed and compared in animals of the two sexes. Results Intraperitoneal administration of cadmium (1.0 mg/kg) resulted in higher cadmium content in lungs of female rats. Higher tumor necrosis factor (TNF) content was noted in lung homogenates of male rats, while interleukin-6 (IL-6) content was slightly, but signifaicantly greater in lungs of female rats. Increased leukocyte infiltration was observed in lungs of male rats, mainly due to neutrophils. Increased responsiveness to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation was noted in cells recovered from lungs of male rats. Rise in intracellular content of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was noted in lung cells from cadmium-treated rats of both sexes, but higher in cells from male rats. Conclusion Presented data documented a more intense pulmonary inflammatory response to systemic cadmium administration in males, with higher IL-6 levels in lungs of female individuals. These sex differences in proinflamatory activity of cadmium in lungs should be taken into consideration in studying the remote toxicity of this heavy metal.
基金supported by the National Institute of Health (NIH) R03 Project(AI062276-01)a NIH UNC CFAR grant(#P30AI50410)
文摘Objective To explore reported willingness and factors associated with utilization of voluntary counseling and testing services by female sex workers (FSWs) in China and to offer recommendations to optimize use of such services.Methods A questionnaire to explore willingness to use VCT was designed based on social ecological theory and formative qualitative research.A cross-sectional survey was conducted among FSWs from entertainment venues.Single and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to examine factors associated with reported willingness to utilize VCT.Results A total of 970 FSWs provided valid questionnaires,with 69% (669) expressing willingness to utilize VCT.Factors at the interpersonal level associated with reported willingness included knowledge about VCT,desire to get help if diagnosed as HIV positive,ability to imagine life after an HIV positive diagnosis,and perceived support for VCT from peers,managers,and family members.Availability of free antiretroviral (ARV) treatment represented a factor at policy level.Other factors included intention to leave sex work in the near future,having had a previous HIV test,and lack of a suspected STD history.Conclusions The rate of reported willingness to use VCT among FSWs was substantially higher than that of actual VCT utilization (11%).The next step is to explore the connection between reported willingness and actual use.Based on these findings,peer education,VCT knowledge dissemination,and free ARV treatment should be emphasized to increase FSWs' willingness to use VCT.
基金the funding from the National Institute for Cancer Research,NIH,USA,and the National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
文摘Objectives This study was design to develop a semi-quantitative Chinese Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and to conduct a validation study for the questionnaire. Methods Based on the survey experience in recent years, a new Chinese food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 149 items in 17 food categories was developed. A validation study on this new FFQ was conducted in Jiangsu and Beijing of China between 1999 and 2001. The period of study covered 1 year and the FFQ was validated by comparing with data obtained by a six repeated 24-hour recalls for 3 consecutive days, or a totally 18-day 24- hour recall throughout the year. A total of 271 healthy adult subjects were enrolled in the study. Food and nutrient intakes measured by the 18-day dietary recalls and food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were computed in the National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, China CDC using the existing nutrition database. The average daily intake of foods and nutrients over the 18-day recall was used to compare with FFQ1 and FFQ2, which was conducted at the beginning and the end of the year, respectively. All statistical analyses were carried out using SAS software version 6.12.
