Jiawei Xiaoyao San(JWXYS)has shown excellent clinical efficacy in anxiety disorder,but has not yet attracted widespread attention.The animal experiments,clinical trials and mechanism studies of JWXYS were reviewed in ...Jiawei Xiaoyao San(JWXYS)has shown excellent clinical efficacy in anxiety disorder,but has not yet attracted widespread attention.The animal experiments,clinical trials and mechanism studies of JWXYS were reviewed in this article,which may provide a reference for developing new anxiolytic drugs based on this prescription.The literature was searched in PubMed and CNKI and the documents written in English or with English abstracts were selected.JWXYS could reduce the anxiety symptoms of patients alone and reduce the adverse reactions when it is used in combination with other drugs in the clinic.In preclinical studies,JWXYS also showed therapeutic effects in reducing anxiety-like behavior.The mechanisms may include improving the hypothalamic–pituitaryadrenal(HPA)axis and hormone disorders,increasing neurotransmitter content,neurogenesis,and regulating the synthesis of related enzymes.This article shows that JWXYS could effectively treat anxiety disorders by regulating the central nervous system.In the future,with the participation of more researchers,it is expected to develop innovative drugs for the treatment of anxiety disorders based on JWXYS.展开更多
Since 2016,a number of studies have been published on standard decoctions used in Chinese medicine.However,there is little research on statistical issues related to establishing the quality standards for standard deco...Since 2016,a number of studies have been published on standard decoctions used in Chinese medicine.However,there is little research on statistical issues related to establishing the quality standards for standard decoctions.In view of the currently established quality standard methods for standard decoctions,an improvement scheme is proposed from a statistical perspective.This review explores the requirements for dry matter yield rate data and index component transfer data for the application of two methods specified in‘‘Technical Requirements for Quality Control and Standard Establishment of Chinese Medicine Formula Granules,"which include the average value plus or minus three times the standard deviation (■±3SD) or 70%to 130%of the average value (■±30%■).The square-root arcsine transformation method is used as an approach to solve the problem of unreasonable standard ranges of standard decoctions.This review also proposes the use of merged data to establish a standard.A method to judge whether multiple sets of standard decoction data can be merged is also provided.When multiple sets of data have a similar central tendency and a similar discrete tendency,they can be merged to establish a more reliable quality standard.Assuming that the dry matter yield rate and transfer rate conform to a binomial distribution,the number of batches of prepared slices that are needed to establish the standard decoction quality standard is estimated.It is recommended that no less than 30 batches of prepared slices should be used for the establishment of standard decoction quality standards.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effects of IMPX977 on long term potentiation(LTP) at Schaffer collateralCA1 synapses in vitro and on methyl Cp G binding protein 2(Mecp2) expression in mice cortex and hippocampus.Methods...Objective: To investigate the effects of IMPX977 on long term potentiation(LTP) at Schaffer collateralCA1 synapses in vitro and on methyl Cp G binding protein 2(Mecp2) expression in mice cortex and hippocampus.Methods: Thirty-two C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, olive oil(vehicle),IMPX977 low(5 mg/kg) and high(15 mg/kg) groups. Mice were administrated every other day orally for two weeks. Extracellular recording technique in vitro was used to record the effects of IMPX977 on Schaffer collateral-CA1 LTP pathway in acute mice hippocampal slices. The Mecp2 protein expression level was detected by Western blotting.Results: Compared to the control group, vehicle did not alter the synaptic transmission in Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses, however, IMPX977 at concentrations of 5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg significantly enhanced f EPSP(field excitatory postsynaptic potential) slope in Schaffer collateral-CA1 pathway to(179.6 ± 17.8)% and(191.4 ± 21.4)%, individually 60 min after HFS, IMPX977 improved LTP induction significantly at Schaffer collateral-CA1 pathway at least. Also, IMPX977 significantly elevated Me CP2 protein level in cortex.Conclusion: The effects of IMPX977 on synaptic transmission and Mecp2 protein expression provided convincing evidence that IMPX977 could be promising new drug candidates for Rett syndrome treatment.展开更多
Kadsura belongs to the Schisandroideae subfamily of Magnoliaceae.Plants from genus Kadsura are widely distributed in the South and Southwest of China.The plants of the genus are widely used as folk medicine for a long...Kadsura belongs to the Schisandroideae subfamily of Magnoliaceae.Plants from genus Kadsura are widely distributed in the South and Southwest of China.The plants of the genus are widely used as folk medicine for a long time in history,with the functions of relieving pain,promoting 'qi' circulation,activating blood resolve stasis,and applications in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and gastroenteric disorders.Lignans are the primary characteristic constituents with various biological activities of plants from genus Kadsura.This paper summarized 81 lignans isolated from the plants of genus Kadsura over the past eight years(from 2014 to 2021),which belong to five types:dibenzocyclooctadienes,spirobenzofuranoid dibenzocyclooctadienes,aryltetralins,diarylbutanes and tetrahydrofurans.Each type of these lignans possess typical characteristics in proton magnetic resonance(^(1)H NMR) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance(^(13)C NMR) spectra,the NMR regularities of these types of lingans were summarized,which provided a useful reference for the structural analysis of lignans.The relationships between lignans and pharmacodynamics were also systematically analyzed,lignans were predicted to be the quality markers(Q-marker) of Kadsura genus.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the antagonistic cell injury effect and molecular mechanism of scutellarin(SCU)in hypoxia reoxygenation(HR) treated human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells(HCMECs).Methods: The method o...Objective: To investigate the antagonistic cell injury effect and molecular mechanism of scutellarin(SCU)in hypoxia reoxygenation(HR) treated human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells(HCMECs).Methods: The method of 12 h hypoxia following by 12 h reoxygenation was used to culture HCMECs in vitro to built cell injury model. The groups were divided into control group, model(HR) group, and HR + SCU(0.1 μmol/L, 1 μmol/L, and 10 μmol/L) group. The cell viability was determined by MTT, and oxidative stress was detected by malondialdehyde(MDA) levels by biochemical assay kit. Protein expression of JAK2/p-JAK2 and STAT3/p-STAT3 were evaluated by Western blot.Results: The results of MTT and MDA showed that HR decreased the cell viability(P < 0.05) and increased MDA level significantly(P < 0.05), SCU played a contrary role in these processes. Western blot analysis indicates that, the expression of JAK2 and p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 were increased in model group when compared with control group(P < 0.05); Compared with model group, their expression were reduced by SCU(P < 0.05).Conclusion: SCU took a protective effect on HR-treated HCMECs, and the molecular mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signal transduction pathway.展开更多
Objective: Cistanche deserticola is a famous and endangered medicinal plant that is parasitic upon Haloxylon ammodendron with rather low parasitic rates. It is important to find high affinity germplasms for increasing...Objective: Cistanche deserticola is a famous and endangered medicinal plant that is parasitic upon Haloxylon ammodendron with rather low parasitic rates. It is important to find high affinity germplasms for increasing the survival of C. deserticola. However, little is known in genetic variation and high affinity populations of H. ammodendron in China.Methods: In this study, 98 accessions of H. ammodendron seeds were collected from five regions covering almost the entire natural distribution of H. ammodendron in China. Their genetic variations were analyzed using AFLP and ITS by the maximum parsimony method, and a dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average(UPGMA). The parasitic rates of C. deserticola on different accessions of H. ammodendron were calculated in the field experiment.Results: Both AFLP and ITS methods consistently revealed that there was a high level of genetic diversity in the natural populations of H. ammodendron. Hierarchical population structure analysis uncovered a clear pattern that all populations were grouped into three main clusters, and eight populations from eastern region were genetically clustered together. These regions were significantly differentiated(P < 0.05), 13.10% of variation occurred among populations, and 86.90% within populations was revealed by analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA). The populations of Inner Mongolia had the highest parasitic rates followed by Ganjiahu Reserve and Yongning Plantation for the top three, which were not completely related to the genetic variation.Conclusion: Genetic characteristics of H. ammodendron in China were clarified and the order of affinity of different populations was given, which were primers for discovering high affinity germplasms.展开更多
Objective: Crude Leonuri Fructus(CLF), the fruits of the Leonurus japonicus Houtt, and processed Leonuri Fructus(PLF) by stir-baking as the important Chinese herbal medicines, have been used in China and other Asian c...Objective: Crude Leonuri Fructus(CLF), the fruits of the Leonurus japonicus Houtt, and processed Leonuri Fructus(PLF) by stir-baking as the important Chinese herbal medicines, have been used in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years. The objective of this research is to reveal the difference between CLF and PLF.Methods: The sensory technologies of the colorimetry, sensitive and validated HPLC-ELSD and GC combined with flame ionization detector(GC-FID) were employed to discriminate CLF and its processed product PLF. The color parameters of the samples were determined by colorimetric instrument CR-410. Moreover, the content of stachydrine and six fatty acids were determined by HPLC and GC. Subsequently,analysis of variance(ANOVA), principal components analysis(PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA),and Kendall's correlation test were performed for data analysis.Results: The CLF and PLF were divided into two categories by PCA and HCA in terms of their component content and color. The results distinctly demonstrated significant changes in color and the content of indicative components between CLF and PLF.Conclusion: The study revealed that HPLC, GC, and colorimetric method in combination with chemometric method could be used as comprehensive quality evaluation for CLF and PLF.展开更多
Objective Drugs for hepatoprotection and enzymes reduction are widely used in China but their economic analysis has been ignored in a rather long period of time. A suitable protocol for hepatoprotection and enzymes re...Objective Drugs for hepatoprotection and enzymes reduction are widely used in China but their economic analysis has been ignored in a rather long period of time. A suitable protocol for hepatoprotection and enzymes reduction was recommended in LonghuaHospital. Methods This study was conducted as a retrospective piece. Three therapeutic protocols(compound glycyrrhizic glycoside combined with aspartic ornithine injection, compound glycyrrhizic glycoside combined with phospha-tidylcholine, and compound glycyrrhizic glycoside combined with tiopronin) were selected. Seventy inpatient cases from January 2011 to February 2012 were enrolled and divided into three groups according to different regimens. The cost effectiveness of the three groups was respectively evaluated by incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs). A decision tree model and multi attribution utility theory were also adopted to analyze the data. Results All the three regimens exhibited good effects on protecting liver functions and reducing the levels of enzymes. Among them, the protocol of compound glycyrrhizic glycoside combined with tioproni expressed the least ICER, the lowest cost but the highest score in the multi-utility. Conclusion The therapeutic method of compound glycyrrhizic glycoside combined with tiopronin is the most cost-effective option in this study.展开更多
Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM) is an official international journal sponsored by Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The purp...Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM) is an official international journal sponsored by Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The purpose of CHM is to provide a forum for the studies on Chinese herbal medicines, phyto- medicines, and natural products as well. The journal will accept the following contributions: letters, research articles, review papers,展开更多
The article reviewed the research progress of ligustilide in recent years and elaborated its pharmacological functions and mechanisms in detail, especially in ischemic brain injury. Its mechanism includes reducing cer...The article reviewed the research progress of ligustilide in recent years and elaborated its pharmacological functions and mechanisms in detail, especially in ischemic brain injury. Its mechanism includes reducing cerebral infarct volumes and improving neurobehavioral deficits, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis, antithrombotic activity, calcium channel blockers function, and effect on erythropoietin. Other pharmacological effects of ligustilide including inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, effects on LPS-induced endotoxic shock, inhibiting constriction effect, suppression of the central nervous system, and ameliorating the memory impairment induced by scopolamine and so on, are also introduced. Ligustilide has potential pharmacological value, which provides a reference for its further research and development.展开更多
Xanthone and its derivatives occupy a large part of the family of natural polyphenolic compounds with various biological and pharmacological activities.In recent years(from 2006 to 2011),it was reported that 127 xanth...Xanthone and its derivatives occupy a large part of the family of natural polyphenolic compounds with various biological and pharmacological activities.In recent years(from 2006 to 2011),it was reported that 127 xanthones were discovered from plants and fungi using various modern separation methods including silica gel/polyamide column chromatography,HPLC,high-speed counter-current chromatography,high-performance centrifugal partition chromatography,etc.Since total synthesis and structure modification for xanthone and its derivatives have been given attention worldwide,we introduced the synthetic methods of xanthone skeletons as well.Unfortunately,to date,there are still weaknesses in current methods of separation and synthesis,which need to be improved.This review,to a certain extent,provides necessary foundation for the further research and development of medicines containing xanthone and its derivatives.展开更多
Objective To study the chemical constituents of Rhodiola kirilowii.Methods The compounds were separated and purified by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicoch...Objective To study the chemical constituents of Rhodiola kirilowii.Methods The compounds were separated and purified by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic methods.Results Five compounds were purified and their structures were identified as 4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-butanenitrile(1),epicatechin(2), arbutin(3),rutin(4),andβ-D-glucose(5).Conclusion Compound 1 is a new cyano-compound and other compounds are isolated from the plant for the first time.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the hypoglycemic components from the acid hydrolyzates of Panax quinquefolius total saponins,and screen the active compounds by in vitro inhibitory activities toα-glycosidase enzymes and prot...Objective:To investigate the hypoglycemic components from the acid hydrolyzates of Panax quinquefolius total saponins,and screen the active compounds by in vitro inhibitory activities toα-glycosidase enzymes and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 B(PTP1 B).Methods:The hydrolyzates were chromatographed repeatedly over silica gel column,and the structures of the compounds were determined by means of NMR.The in vitro bioassay was performed through the inhibitory effects onα-glucosidase or/and PTP1 B.Results:Eight compounds were isolated,which identified as 20(S)-panaxadiol(1),(20 S,24 R)-dammarane-20,24-epoxy-3β,6α,12β,25-tetraol(2),20(R)-dammarane-3β,12β,20,25-tetraol(3),20(S)-dammarane-3β,6α,12β,20,25-pentol(4),20(R)-dammarane-3β,12β,20,25-tetrahydroxy-3β-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5),β-sitosterol(6),oleanolic acid(7)and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol(8).Compound 5 was ginseng triterpenoid isolated from the acid hydrolysates of total saponins from P.quinquefolius for the first time.In this paper,the possible in vitro inhibitory activities were investigated.Compound 5 exhibited significantly inhibitory activity againstα-glucosidase,and the IC50 value[(0.22±0.21)μmol/L]was about 43-fold lower than positive control.For the PTP1 B inhibition assay,compound 5 indicated the strongest inhibitory effect with IC50 of(5.91±0.38)μmol/L,followed by compound 4 with IC50 of(6.21±0.21)μmol/L,which were all showed competitive inhibitory pattern by using a Lineweaver-Burk plot.Conclusion:These results supported the potential application of dammaranes from acid hydrolyzates of P.quinquefolius total saponins can be used as ingredients of ancillary anti-diabetic agent or functional factor.展开更多
Objective:In order to obtain new glycosyltransferases with highly efficient catalysis,the glycosyltransferases from Carthamus tinctorius which contains diverse types of glycosides were mined.Methods:A new glycosyltran...Objective:In order to obtain new glycosyltransferases with highly efficient catalysis,the glycosyltransferases from Carthamus tinctorius which contains diverse types of glycosides were mined.Methods:A new glycosyltransferase gene(UGT88B2)with full length was obtained by PCR and further transformed into Escherichia coli for heterologous expression.The catalytic activity of recombinant UGT88B2 was determined by HPLC-MSn.The structures of representative catalytic products were elucidated by MS and NMR.Results:UGT88B2 exhibited catalytic promiscuity and various patterns in glycosylation of flavonoids with high efficiency.Conclusion:A new glycosyltransferase named UGT88B2 was successfully mined and can be employed as enzymatic tools in glycosylation of flavonoids.展开更多
Objective:To study the bioactivity of methanolic extract of Brassica juncea on animal model of diabetes mellitus along with its effect on diabetic and metabolic parameters.Methods:Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats...Objective:To study the bioactivity of methanolic extract of Brassica juncea on animal model of diabetes mellitus along with its effect on diabetic and metabolic parameters.Methods:Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by injecting streptozotocin(60 mg/kg)intraperitonealy.Blood glucose was measured on day 3 by GOD-POD method to confirm the diabetes mellitus.Rats having fasting blood glucose>250 mg/d L were further selected for study and they were divided into four groups,control,control+streptozotocin,streptozotocin+metformin(75 mg/kg)and streptozotocin+extract of B.juncea(450 mg/kg).Each group consisted of six rats of either sex.Metformin and experimental extract were administered for 21 d.Triglyceride,cholesterol level were measured on day 21 by commercially available kit.Blood glucose was measured on days 7 and 21.Anti-oxidant potential was assessed by estimating extent of lipid peroxidation(LPO)by malondialdehyde(MDA),nitric oxide(NO),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione(GSH)in liver,kidney,pancreas,muscle tissues on day 21.Unpaired and paired student’s t-test was applied for statistical analysis.Results:The extract of B.juncea showed significant decrease in blood glucose level on day 21.The treatment group showed significant difference in oxidative stress by increasing SOD and GSH and decreasing LPO and NO activity on day 21.The treatment did not show statistically significant difference of cholesterol,and triglycerides level on day 21.Conclusion:The study showed anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidative properties of methanolic extract of B.juncea.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) has a long history of treating and preventing diseases,but due to its complexity,the approaches to determine their quality and the TCM theory and compatibility rules remains ambigu...Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) has a long history of treating and preventing diseases,but due to its complexity,the approaches to determine their quality and the TCM theory and compatibility rules remains ambiguous.Nowadays,a widely and cogent tool-Network pharmacology can be used to reflect pharmacologically active effects,mechanism of action and toxic activity in the field of TCMs scientific research.According to active ingredients with the relationship of quality and biological response (effect and safety under TCM theory and function).展开更多
Objective: To investigate the toxicity difference between raw and processed Pinelliae Rhizoma(Banxia in Chinese, BX), the rhizoma of Pinellia ternata, from the view of chemical composition.Methods: Sixteen samples of ...Objective: To investigate the toxicity difference between raw and processed Pinelliae Rhizoma(Banxia in Chinese, BX), the rhizoma of Pinellia ternata, from the view of chemical composition.Methods: Sixteen samples of raw and processed BX were prepared and analyzed by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS.The discrimination(chemical marker) between the two group was investigated by principal component analysis(PCA) and T-test analysis. According to the accurate charge-to-mass ratio, MS/MS fragments, and comparison of corresponding data with the reference or database, the chemical markers were identified preliminarily.Results: Liquiritin, liquiritigenin, and lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC) were identified as the characteristic markers. The reducing of LPC in processed BX was one of the main reasons for detoxification because LPC could induce the inflammatory response;Liquiritin and liquiritigenin showed the anti-inflammatory effect and reduced liver injury, therefore the appearance of them in processed BX was an another reason for detoxification.Conclusion: An approach to explain the mechanisms of reducing the toxicity in medicinal plants by processing was proposed. Moreover, the chemical markers of toxicity could be used to differentiate the raw material from processed herbs for the quality control and safety application in clinical practice.展开更多
Objective: To isolate high-purity gentiopicroside from the Chinese herbal Gentiana officinalis and investigate its anti-inflammatory activity against iNOS and COX-2 targets.Methods: The purity and structures of gentio...Objective: To isolate high-purity gentiopicroside from the Chinese herbal Gentiana officinalis and investigate its anti-inflammatory activity against iNOS and COX-2 targets.Methods: The purity and structures of gentiopicroside were determined by HPLC, IR, NMR, and MS. The anti-inflammatory effects of gentiopicroside were investigated by in vivo, in vitro, and molecular experiments.Results: In vitro experiment results showed that gentiopicroside inhibited nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin E2(PGE2), and interleukin-6(IL-6) production in mouse macrophages RAW 264.7 stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. In vivo experiment found that xylene-induced mouse ear swelling was inhibited by gentiopicroside with an inhibition rate of 34.17%. Molecular docking of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS) with gentiopicroside showed that hydrogen bonds(H-bonds) were formed between the sugar fragments in gentiopicroside structure with Tyr355, Ser353, Leu352, Ser530,Arg120, and His90 of COX-2, and Glu377, Asp382, Tyr373, Tyr347, Gln263, Asn370, and Gly371 of i NOS.Thus, gentiopicroside had a lower docking score and displayed satisfactory anti-inflammatory activities.Conclusion: These results suggested that the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of gentiopicroside was associated with the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, such as NO, PGE2, and IL-6, and the suppression of iNOS and COX-2. Therefore, gentiopicroside is a potential and selective iNOS and COX-2 inhibitor.展开更多
Objective To establish a new procedure for isolating scutellarin from Erigeron multiradiatus. Methods A proposed method was developed by combining macroporous resins with ODS column. Firstly, E. multiradiatus was extr...Objective To establish a new procedure for isolating scutellarin from Erigeron multiradiatus. Methods A proposed method was developed by combining macroporous resins with ODS column. Firstly, E. multiradiatus was extracted by ultrasound with 80% methanol. Preliminary separation was performed on macroporous resin column.The performance and adsorption characteristics of three macroporous resins, D140, D141, and D605, were compared and the enrichment procedure was optimized. Further purification was carried out by medium pressure liquid chromatography(MPLC) with ODS column. Results It was demonstrated that D141 had better extractive effects on scutellarin. The MPLC conditions were optimized as follows: 15% ethanol aqueous as mobile phase with flow rate at2.5 mL/min. The yield and purity of the isolated scutellarin were 1.20 mg/g and 96.5%, respectively. Conclusion The overall procedure is efficient and low-cost, which is considered suitable for the separation and purification of scutellarin from E. multiradiatus. The results provide the scientific basis for developing and using scutellarin in clinic.展开更多
Objective To establish an objective method for evaluating the intrinsic characteristics between hot and cold properties of herbal drugs and to study the hot property of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(ALRP) and its...Objective To establish an objective method for evaluating the intrinsic characteristics between hot and cold properties of herbal drugs and to study the hot property of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(ALRP) and its compatibility with Zingiberis Rhizoma(ZR) on animal temperature tropism.Methods The equipment with cold/hot pads was used to investigate the variety of temperature tropism among mice treated by ALRP and its compatibility with ZR.Meanwhile,the activities of adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase),total anti-oxidant capability(T-AOC),and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) were measured.Results Compared with the homologous ALRP group,the compatibility between ALRP and ZR(AZ) had a stronger action against the decreasing of remaining rate on hot pad(P < 0.05),suggesting an enhancement of cold tropism.Meanwhile,the internal indexes of Na+-K+-ATPase activity,Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity,and oxygen consuming volume increased significantly(P < 0.05),suggesting an enhancement of energy metabolism.The changes of T-AOC and T-SOD activity suggested that AZ reinforced the anti-oxidative capability of mice.In addition,it could be inferred from cluster analysis that the activity of AZ was concretely stronger than that of homologous ALRP.Conclusion ALRP and ZR are both herbs with hot property,but AZ has an enhanced trend of hot property.This external behavior of cold tropism and the internal activity of energy metabolism and anti-oxidant might reflect the internal hot property in an intuitive and objective way.The changes of ATPase activity of liver tissue might be the mechanism of drug action.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81173541).
文摘Jiawei Xiaoyao San(JWXYS)has shown excellent clinical efficacy in anxiety disorder,but has not yet attracted widespread attention.The animal experiments,clinical trials and mechanism studies of JWXYS were reviewed in this article,which may provide a reference for developing new anxiolytic drugs based on this prescription.The literature was searched in PubMed and CNKI and the documents written in English or with English abstracts were selected.JWXYS could reduce the anxiety symptoms of patients alone and reduce the adverse reactions when it is used in combination with other drugs in the clinic.In preclinical studies,JWXYS also showed therapeutic effects in reducing anxiety-like behavior.The mechanisms may include improving the hypothalamic–pituitaryadrenal(HPA)axis and hormone disorders,increasing neurotransmitter content,neurogenesis,and regulating the synthesis of related enzymes.This article shows that JWXYS could effectively treat anxiety disorders by regulating the central nervous system.In the future,with the participation of more researchers,it is expected to develop innovative drugs for the treatment of anxiety disorders based on JWXYS.
基金supported by National S&T Major Project of China (2018ZX09201011-002)the Student Research Training Program of the College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhejiang University (Y201936333)the National Project for Standardization of Chinese Materia Medica (ZYBZH-C-GD-04)
文摘Since 2016,a number of studies have been published on standard decoctions used in Chinese medicine.However,there is little research on statistical issues related to establishing the quality standards for standard decoctions.In view of the currently established quality standard methods for standard decoctions,an improvement scheme is proposed from a statistical perspective.This review explores the requirements for dry matter yield rate data and index component transfer data for the application of two methods specified in‘‘Technical Requirements for Quality Control and Standard Establishment of Chinese Medicine Formula Granules,"which include the average value plus or minus three times the standard deviation (■±3SD) or 70%to 130%of the average value (■±30%■).The square-root arcsine transformation method is used as an approach to solve the problem of unreasonable standard ranges of standard decoctions.This review also proposes the use of merged data to establish a standard.A method to judge whether multiple sets of standard decoction data can be merged is also provided.When multiple sets of data have a similar central tendency and a similar discrete tendency,they can be merged to establish a more reliable quality standard.Assuming that the dry matter yield rate and transfer rate conform to a binomial distribution,the number of batches of prepared slices that are needed to establish the standard decoction quality standard is estimated.It is recommended that no less than 30 batches of prepared slices should be used for the establishment of standard decoction quality standards.
基金Guangzhou Science Technology and Innovation Commission Technology Research Projects (No. 201805010005)Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (No. KM201 100250)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81073137) for financial support of this project。
文摘Objective: To investigate the effects of IMPX977 on long term potentiation(LTP) at Schaffer collateralCA1 synapses in vitro and on methyl Cp G binding protein 2(Mecp2) expression in mice cortex and hippocampus.Methods: Thirty-two C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, olive oil(vehicle),IMPX977 low(5 mg/kg) and high(15 mg/kg) groups. Mice were administrated every other day orally for two weeks. Extracellular recording technique in vitro was used to record the effects of IMPX977 on Schaffer collateral-CA1 LTP pathway in acute mice hippocampal slices. The Mecp2 protein expression level was detected by Western blotting.Results: Compared to the control group, vehicle did not alter the synaptic transmission in Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses, however, IMPX977 at concentrations of 5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg significantly enhanced f EPSP(field excitatory postsynaptic potential) slope in Schaffer collateral-CA1 pathway to(179.6 ± 17.8)% and(191.4 ± 21.4)%, individually 60 min after HFS, IMPX977 improved LTP induction significantly at Schaffer collateral-CA1 pathway at least. Also, IMPX977 significantly elevated Me CP2 protein level in cortex.Conclusion: The effects of IMPX977 on synaptic transmission and Mecp2 protein expression provided convincing evidence that IMPX977 could be promising new drug candidates for Rett syndrome treatment.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81703819, 81874369 and 82074122)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No.2020JJ4463 and 2020JJ4064)。
文摘Kadsura belongs to the Schisandroideae subfamily of Magnoliaceae.Plants from genus Kadsura are widely distributed in the South and Southwest of China.The plants of the genus are widely used as folk medicine for a long time in history,with the functions of relieving pain,promoting 'qi' circulation,activating blood resolve stasis,and applications in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and gastroenteric disorders.Lignans are the primary characteristic constituents with various biological activities of plants from genus Kadsura.This paper summarized 81 lignans isolated from the plants of genus Kadsura over the past eight years(from 2014 to 2021),which belong to five types:dibenzocyclooctadienes,spirobenzofuranoid dibenzocyclooctadienes,aryltetralins,diarylbutanes and tetrahydrofurans.Each type of these lignans possess typical characteristics in proton magnetic resonance(^(1)H NMR) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance(^(13)C NMR) spectra,the NMR regularities of these types of lingans were summarized,which provided a useful reference for the structural analysis of lignans.The relationships between lignans and pharmacodynamics were also systematically analyzed,lignans were predicted to be the quality markers(Q-marker) of Kadsura genus.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30960450,No.81560589,and No.81173110)Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department and Education Department(Grant No.2017FE467(-019),No.2018JS161,No.2014FA010,No.ZD2015009)Yunnan–USA joint research center of molecular medicines(No.2015ID001)
文摘Objective: To investigate the antagonistic cell injury effect and molecular mechanism of scutellarin(SCU)in hypoxia reoxygenation(HR) treated human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells(HCMECs).Methods: The method of 12 h hypoxia following by 12 h reoxygenation was used to culture HCMECs in vitro to built cell injury model. The groups were divided into control group, model(HR) group, and HR + SCU(0.1 μmol/L, 1 μmol/L, and 10 μmol/L) group. The cell viability was determined by MTT, and oxidative stress was detected by malondialdehyde(MDA) levels by biochemical assay kit. Protein expression of JAK2/p-JAK2 and STAT3/p-STAT3 were evaluated by Western blot.Results: The results of MTT and MDA showed that HR decreased the cell viability(P < 0.05) and increased MDA level significantly(P < 0.05), SCU played a contrary role in these processes. Western blot analysis indicates that, the expression of JAK2 and p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 were increased in model group when compared with control group(P < 0.05); Compared with model group, their expression were reduced by SCU(P < 0.05).Conclusion: SCU took a protective effect on HR-treated HCMECs, and the molecular mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signal transduction pathway.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (81773851 & U1403224)Fundamental Research Fundfor the Central Scientific Research Institutes for Public Welfare (YZ-12-09)CAMS Innovation Fundfor Medical Sciences (2016-I2M-3-017) for the financial provides
文摘Objective: Cistanche deserticola is a famous and endangered medicinal plant that is parasitic upon Haloxylon ammodendron with rather low parasitic rates. It is important to find high affinity germplasms for increasing the survival of C. deserticola. However, little is known in genetic variation and high affinity populations of H. ammodendron in China.Methods: In this study, 98 accessions of H. ammodendron seeds were collected from five regions covering almost the entire natural distribution of H. ammodendron in China. Their genetic variations were analyzed using AFLP and ITS by the maximum parsimony method, and a dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average(UPGMA). The parasitic rates of C. deserticola on different accessions of H. ammodendron were calculated in the field experiment.Results: Both AFLP and ITS methods consistently revealed that there was a high level of genetic diversity in the natural populations of H. ammodendron. Hierarchical population structure analysis uncovered a clear pattern that all populations were grouped into three main clusters, and eight populations from eastern region were genetically clustered together. These regions were significantly differentiated(P < 0.05), 13.10% of variation occurred among populations, and 86.90% within populations was revealed by analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA). The populations of Inner Mongolia had the highest parasitic rates followed by Ganjiahu Reserve and Yongning Plantation for the top three, which were not completely related to the genetic variation.Conclusion: Genetic characteristics of H. ammodendron in China were clarified and the order of affinity of different populations was given, which were primers for discovering high affinity germplasms.
基金financially supported by the project of national drug standards program,a Study Program on Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing(No.201207004-7)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81302745,81473352)+1 种基金The Guangzhou Science and Technology planningproject(No.201707010170)Guangdong Province Office of Education(No.2016KTSCX064)
文摘Objective: Crude Leonuri Fructus(CLF), the fruits of the Leonurus japonicus Houtt, and processed Leonuri Fructus(PLF) by stir-baking as the important Chinese herbal medicines, have been used in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years. The objective of this research is to reveal the difference between CLF and PLF.Methods: The sensory technologies of the colorimetry, sensitive and validated HPLC-ELSD and GC combined with flame ionization detector(GC-FID) were employed to discriminate CLF and its processed product PLF. The color parameters of the samples were determined by colorimetric instrument CR-410. Moreover, the content of stachydrine and six fatty acids were determined by HPLC and GC. Subsequently,analysis of variance(ANOVA), principal components analysis(PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA),and Kendall's correlation test were performed for data analysis.Results: The CLF and PLF were divided into two categories by PCA and HCA in terms of their component content and color. The results distinctly demonstrated significant changes in color and the content of indicative components between CLF and PLF.Conclusion: The study revealed that HPLC, GC, and colorimetric method in combination with chemometric method could be used as comprehensive quality evaluation for CLF and PLF.
基金Longhua Medical Project (LYTD-14)Shanghai Pharmaceutical Association Research Fund (2011-YY-05-05)
文摘Objective Drugs for hepatoprotection and enzymes reduction are widely used in China but their economic analysis has been ignored in a rather long period of time. A suitable protocol for hepatoprotection and enzymes reduction was recommended in LonghuaHospital. Methods This study was conducted as a retrospective piece. Three therapeutic protocols(compound glycyrrhizic glycoside combined with aspartic ornithine injection, compound glycyrrhizic glycoside combined with phospha-tidylcholine, and compound glycyrrhizic glycoside combined with tiopronin) were selected. Seventy inpatient cases from January 2011 to February 2012 were enrolled and divided into three groups according to different regimens. The cost effectiveness of the three groups was respectively evaluated by incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs). A decision tree model and multi attribution utility theory were also adopted to analyze the data. Results All the three regimens exhibited good effects on protecting liver functions and reducing the levels of enzymes. Among them, the protocol of compound glycyrrhizic glycoside combined with tioproni expressed the least ICER, the lowest cost but the highest score in the multi-utility. Conclusion The therapeutic method of compound glycyrrhizic glycoside combined with tiopronin is the most cost-effective option in this study.
文摘Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM) is an official international journal sponsored by Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The purpose of CHM is to provide a forum for the studies on Chinese herbal medicines, phyto- medicines, and natural products as well. The journal will accept the following contributions: letters, research articles, review papers,
基金National Key Technology Research and Decelopment Program (2007BAI37B06)
文摘The article reviewed the research progress of ligustilide in recent years and elaborated its pharmacological functions and mechanisms in detail, especially in ischemic brain injury. Its mechanism includes reducing cerebral infarct volumes and improving neurobehavioral deficits, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis, antithrombotic activity, calcium channel blockers function, and effect on erythropoietin. Other pharmacological effects of ligustilide including inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, effects on LPS-induced endotoxic shock, inhibiting constriction effect, suppression of the central nervous system, and ameliorating the memory impairment induced by scopolamine and so on, are also introduced. Ligustilide has potential pharmacological value, which provides a reference for its further research and development.
文摘Xanthone and its derivatives occupy a large part of the family of natural polyphenolic compounds with various biological and pharmacological activities.In recent years(from 2006 to 2011),it was reported that 127 xanthones were discovered from plants and fungi using various modern separation methods including silica gel/polyamide column chromatography,HPLC,high-speed counter-current chromatography,high-performance centrifugal partition chromatography,etc.Since total synthesis and structure modification for xanthone and its derivatives have been given attention worldwide,we introduced the synthetic methods of xanthone skeletons as well.Unfortunately,to date,there are still weaknesses in current methods of separation and synthesis,which need to be improved.This review,to a certain extent,provides necessary foundation for the further research and development of medicines containing xanthone and its derivatives.
文摘Objective To study the chemical constituents of Rhodiola kirilowii.Methods The compounds were separated and purified by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic methods.Results Five compounds were purified and their structures were identified as 4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-butanenitrile(1),epicatechin(2), arbutin(3),rutin(4),andβ-D-glucose(5).Conclusion Compound 1 is a new cyano-compound and other compounds are isolated from the plant for the first time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81602983)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the hypoglycemic components from the acid hydrolyzates of Panax quinquefolius total saponins,and screen the active compounds by in vitro inhibitory activities toα-glycosidase enzymes and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 B(PTP1 B).Methods:The hydrolyzates were chromatographed repeatedly over silica gel column,and the structures of the compounds were determined by means of NMR.The in vitro bioassay was performed through the inhibitory effects onα-glucosidase or/and PTP1 B.Results:Eight compounds were isolated,which identified as 20(S)-panaxadiol(1),(20 S,24 R)-dammarane-20,24-epoxy-3β,6α,12β,25-tetraol(2),20(R)-dammarane-3β,12β,20,25-tetraol(3),20(S)-dammarane-3β,6α,12β,20,25-pentol(4),20(R)-dammarane-3β,12β,20,25-tetrahydroxy-3β-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5),β-sitosterol(6),oleanolic acid(7)and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol(8).Compound 5 was ginseng triterpenoid isolated from the acid hydrolysates of total saponins from P.quinquefolius for the first time.In this paper,the possible in vitro inhibitory activities were investigated.Compound 5 exhibited significantly inhibitory activity againstα-glucosidase,and the IC50 value[(0.22±0.21)μmol/L]was about 43-fold lower than positive control.For the PTP1 B inhibition assay,compound 5 indicated the strongest inhibitory effect with IC50 of(5.91±0.38)μmol/L,followed by compound 4 with IC50 of(6.21±0.21)μmol/L,which were all showed competitive inhibitory pattern by using a Lineweaver-Burk plot.Conclusion:These results supported the potential application of dammaranes from acid hydrolyzates of P.quinquefolius total saponins can be used as ingredients of ancillary anti-diabetic agent or functional factor.
基金Tfinancially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81573317)。
文摘Objective:In order to obtain new glycosyltransferases with highly efficient catalysis,the glycosyltransferases from Carthamus tinctorius which contains diverse types of glycosides were mined.Methods:A new glycosyltransferase gene(UGT88B2)with full length was obtained by PCR and further transformed into Escherichia coli for heterologous expression.The catalytic activity of recombinant UGT88B2 was determined by HPLC-MSn.The structures of representative catalytic products were elucidated by MS and NMR.Results:UGT88B2 exhibited catalytic promiscuity and various patterns in glycosylation of flavonoids with high efficiency.Conclusion:A new glycosyltransferase named UGT88B2 was successfully mined and can be employed as enzymatic tools in glycosylation of flavonoids.
基金Banaras Hindu University(BHU)for providing grant to carry out study.
文摘Objective:To study the bioactivity of methanolic extract of Brassica juncea on animal model of diabetes mellitus along with its effect on diabetic and metabolic parameters.Methods:Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by injecting streptozotocin(60 mg/kg)intraperitonealy.Blood glucose was measured on day 3 by GOD-POD method to confirm the diabetes mellitus.Rats having fasting blood glucose>250 mg/d L were further selected for study and they were divided into four groups,control,control+streptozotocin,streptozotocin+metformin(75 mg/kg)and streptozotocin+extract of B.juncea(450 mg/kg).Each group consisted of six rats of either sex.Metformin and experimental extract were administered for 21 d.Triglyceride,cholesterol level were measured on day 21 by commercially available kit.Blood glucose was measured on days 7 and 21.Anti-oxidant potential was assessed by estimating extent of lipid peroxidation(LPO)by malondialdehyde(MDA),nitric oxide(NO),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione(GSH)in liver,kidney,pancreas,muscle tissues on day 21.Unpaired and paired student’s t-test was applied for statistical analysis.Results:The extract of B.juncea showed significant decrease in blood glucose level on day 21.The treatment group showed significant difference in oxidative stress by increasing SOD and GSH and decreasing LPO and NO activity on day 21.The treatment did not show statistically significant difference of cholesterol,and triglycerides level on day 21.Conclusion:The study showed anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidative properties of methanolic extract of B.juncea.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) has a long history of treating and preventing diseases,but due to its complexity,the approaches to determine their quality and the TCM theory and compatibility rules remains ambiguous.Nowadays,a widely and cogent tool-Network pharmacology can be used to reflect pharmacologically active effects,mechanism of action and toxic activity in the field of TCMs scientific research.According to active ingredients with the relationship of quality and biological response (effect and safety under TCM theory and function).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81460595)
文摘Objective: To investigate the toxicity difference between raw and processed Pinelliae Rhizoma(Banxia in Chinese, BX), the rhizoma of Pinellia ternata, from the view of chemical composition.Methods: Sixteen samples of raw and processed BX were prepared and analyzed by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS.The discrimination(chemical marker) between the two group was investigated by principal component analysis(PCA) and T-test analysis. According to the accurate charge-to-mass ratio, MS/MS fragments, and comparison of corresponding data with the reference or database, the chemical markers were identified preliminarily.Results: Liquiritin, liquiritigenin, and lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC) were identified as the characteristic markers. The reducing of LPC in processed BX was one of the main reasons for detoxification because LPC could induce the inflammatory response;Liquiritin and liquiritigenin showed the anti-inflammatory effect and reduced liver injury, therefore the appearance of them in processed BX was an another reason for detoxification.Conclusion: An approach to explain the mechanisms of reducing the toxicity in medicinal plants by processing was proposed. Moreover, the chemical markers of toxicity could be used to differentiate the raw material from processed herbs for the quality control and safety application in clinical practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81660577, No.21562001, and No.81560716)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (1506RJZA036 and 148RJZA064)
文摘Objective: To isolate high-purity gentiopicroside from the Chinese herbal Gentiana officinalis and investigate its anti-inflammatory activity against iNOS and COX-2 targets.Methods: The purity and structures of gentiopicroside were determined by HPLC, IR, NMR, and MS. The anti-inflammatory effects of gentiopicroside were investigated by in vivo, in vitro, and molecular experiments.Results: In vitro experiment results showed that gentiopicroside inhibited nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin E2(PGE2), and interleukin-6(IL-6) production in mouse macrophages RAW 264.7 stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. In vivo experiment found that xylene-induced mouse ear swelling was inhibited by gentiopicroside with an inhibition rate of 34.17%. Molecular docking of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS) with gentiopicroside showed that hydrogen bonds(H-bonds) were formed between the sugar fragments in gentiopicroside structure with Tyr355, Ser353, Leu352, Ser530,Arg120, and His90 of COX-2, and Glu377, Asp382, Tyr373, Tyr347, Gln263, Asn370, and Gly371 of i NOS.Thus, gentiopicroside had a lower docking score and displayed satisfactory anti-inflammatory activities.Conclusion: These results suggested that the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of gentiopicroside was associated with the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, such as NO, PGE2, and IL-6, and the suppression of iNOS and COX-2. Therefore, gentiopicroside is a potential and selective iNOS and COX-2 inhibitor.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities,Southwest University for Nationalities(09NZYZJ01)National Key Technology R&D Program in the 12th Five Year Plan of China(2012BAI27B07)
文摘Objective To establish a new procedure for isolating scutellarin from Erigeron multiradiatus. Methods A proposed method was developed by combining macroporous resins with ODS column. Firstly, E. multiradiatus was extracted by ultrasound with 80% methanol. Preliminary separation was performed on macroporous resin column.The performance and adsorption characteristics of three macroporous resins, D140, D141, and D605, were compared and the enrichment procedure was optimized. Further purification was carried out by medium pressure liquid chromatography(MPLC) with ODS column. Results It was demonstrated that D141 had better extractive effects on scutellarin. The MPLC conditions were optimized as follows: 15% ethanol aqueous as mobile phase with flow rate at2.5 mL/min. The yield and purity of the isolated scutellarin were 1.20 mg/g and 96.5%, respectively. Conclusion The overall procedure is efficient and low-cost, which is considered suitable for the separation and purification of scutellarin from E. multiradiatus. The results provide the scientific basis for developing and using scutellarin in clinic.
基金National Natural Sciences Foundation (81173571)National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB512607)The Major Projects of the National Science and Technology (2012ZX10005010-002-002)
文摘Objective To establish an objective method for evaluating the intrinsic characteristics between hot and cold properties of herbal drugs and to study the hot property of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(ALRP) and its compatibility with Zingiberis Rhizoma(ZR) on animal temperature tropism.Methods The equipment with cold/hot pads was used to investigate the variety of temperature tropism among mice treated by ALRP and its compatibility with ZR.Meanwhile,the activities of adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase),total anti-oxidant capability(T-AOC),and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) were measured.Results Compared with the homologous ALRP group,the compatibility between ALRP and ZR(AZ) had a stronger action against the decreasing of remaining rate on hot pad(P < 0.05),suggesting an enhancement of cold tropism.Meanwhile,the internal indexes of Na+-K+-ATPase activity,Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity,and oxygen consuming volume increased significantly(P < 0.05),suggesting an enhancement of energy metabolism.The changes of T-AOC and T-SOD activity suggested that AZ reinforced the anti-oxidative capability of mice.In addition,it could be inferred from cluster analysis that the activity of AZ was concretely stronger than that of homologous ALRP.Conclusion ALRP and ZR are both herbs with hot property,but AZ has an enhanced trend of hot property.This external behavior of cold tropism and the internal activity of energy metabolism and anti-oxidant might reflect the internal hot property in an intuitive and objective way.The changes of ATPase activity of liver tissue might be the mechanism of drug action.
