Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(DWMRI) is considered part of the standard imaging protocol for the evaluation of patients with prostate cancer.It has been proven valuable as a functional tool for qualita...Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(DWMRI) is considered part of the standard imaging protocol for the evaluation of patients with prostate cancer.It has been proven valuable as a functional tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of prostate cancer beyond anatomical MRI sequences such as T2-weighted imaging. This review discusses ongoing controversies in DW-MRI acquisition, including the optimal number of b-values to be used for prostate DWI, and summarizes the current literature on the use of advanced DWMRI techniques. These include intravoxel incoherent motion imaging, which better accounts for the nonmono-exponential behavior of the apparent diffusion coefficient as a function of b-value and the influence of perfusion at low b-values. Another technique is diffusion kurtosis imaging(DKI). Metrics from DKI reflect excess kurtosis of tissues, representing its deviation from Gaussian diffusion behavior. Preliminary results suggest that DKI findings may have more value than findings from conventional DW-MRI for the assessment of prostate cancer.展开更多
The aim of this article is to clarify diagnostic pitfalls of pancreatic serous cystic neoplasm(SCN) that may result in erroneous characterization. Usual and unusual imaging findings of SCN as well as potential SCN mim...The aim of this article is to clarify diagnostic pitfalls of pancreatic serous cystic neoplasm(SCN) that may result in erroneous characterization. Usual and unusual imaging findings of SCN as well as potential SCN mimickers are presented. The diagnostic key of SCN is to look for a cluster of microcysts(honeycomb pattern), which may not be always found in the center. Fibrosis in SCN may be mistaken for a mural nodule of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN). The absence of cyst wall enhancement may be helpful to distinguish SCN from mucinous cystic neoplasm. However, oligocystic SCN and branch duct type IPMN may morphologically overlap. In addition, solid serous adenoma, an extremely rare variant of SCN, is difficult to distinguish from neuroendocrine tumor.展开更多
Recent retrospective studies have reported the use ofstereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) in the treatment of gy-necologic cancers. SRS uses real-time imaging and highdose radiation beams attached to precise robotic armsto ...Recent retrospective studies have reported the use ofstereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) in the treatment of gy-necologic cancers. SRS uses real-time imaging and highdose radiation beams attached to precise robotic armsto target malignant lesions while sparing normal tissue.The purpose of this review is to examine the indicationsfor SRS in gynecologic oncology, review the currentliterature regarding the use of SRS in gynecologic can-cers, and identify future directions for research in thisarea. Literature on stereotactic radiosurgery was re-viewed using the PubMed search engine. Articles writ-ten in English from 1993-2013 were reviewed, and 20 case series and clinical trials were included. The safetyand efficacy SRS has been demonstrated in all gyne-cologic disease sites including cervical, endometrial,vulvar, vaginal, and ovarian cancers. Indications for itsuse include non-central pelvic recurrences in previouslyirradiated patients, complex or non-resectable diseaserecurrence, and solitary brain metastases. Toxicitiesare usually mild, though grade 3-4 toxicities have been reported. SRS is a promising second line treatment modality for patients with primary or recurrent disease who cannot undergo standard surgical or radiation therapy. Further research is required to determine optimal dosing and fractionation schedules, delineate appropriate patient populations, and assess longterm morbidity and survival.展开更多
We acknowledge our sincere thanks to our reviewers. Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of our World Series Journals. Both the editors ...We acknowledge our sincere thanks to our reviewers. Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of our World Series Journals. Both the editors of the journals and authors of the manuscripts submitted to the journals are grateful to the following reviewers for reviewing the articles (either published or rejected) over the past period of time.James Chow, PhD, Radiation Physicist, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Avenue,Toronto,展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Radiology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Radiology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to展开更多
AIM: To discuss the advantages of ultra-high field (7T) for 1H and 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of metabolism.made at both 3 and 7T using 1H MRS. Measurements of glycogen and lipids in muscle were...AIM: To discuss the advantages of ultra-high field (7T) for 1H and 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of metabolism.made at both 3 and 7T using 1H MRS. Measurements of glycogen and lipids in muscle were measured using 13C and 1H MRS respectively. RESULTS: In the brain, increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dispersion allows spectral separation of the amino-acids glutamate, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), without the need for sophisticated editing sequences. Improved quantification of these me-tabolites is demonstrated at 7T relative to 3T. SNR was 36% higher, and measurement repeatability (% coefficients of variation) was 4%, 10% and 10% at 7T, vs 8%, 29% and 21% at 3T for glutamate, glutamine and GABA respectively. Measurements at 7T were used to compare metabolite levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula. Creatine and glutamate levels were found to be significantly higher in the insula compared to the ACC (P 【 0.05). In muscle, the increased SNR and spectral resolution at 7T enables interleaved studies of glycogen (13C) and intra-myocellular lipid (IMCL) and extra-myocellular lipid (EMCL) (1H) following exercise and refeeding. Glycogen levels were sig-nificantly decreased following exercise (-28% at 50% VO2 max; -58% at 75% VO2 max). Interestingly, levels of glycogen in the hamstrings followed those in the quadriceps, despite reduce exercise loading. No changes in IMCL and EMCL were found in the study. CONCLUSION: The demonstrated improvements in brain and muscle MRS measurements at 7T will increase the potential for use in investigating human metabolism and changes due to pathologies.展开更多
The author tells a story of how he has become an expert of interventional radiotherapy from a graduate of middle school.In his childhood,he wanted to become an astronomer.However,he was forced to go to the countryside...The author tells a story of how he has become an expert of interventional radiotherapy from a graduate of middle school.In his childhood,he wanted to become an astronomer.However,he was forced to go to the countryside as a school graduate.In 1974,he was enrolled as a"worker-peasant-soldier"student in Henan Medical College.After graduated from the college,he was assigned to the Radiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical College where he worked hard as an assistant doctor.Then,he was transferred to Nanfang Hospital(Guangzhou,China) where he achieved great successes and thus has become an expert of interventional radiology.展开更多
Tears of peroneus brevis tendon represent a cause of underdiagnosed lateral ankle pain and instability. The typical clinical presentation is retro-malleolar pain, in some cases associated with palpable swelling around...Tears of peroneus brevis tendon represent a cause of underdiagnosed lateral ankle pain and instability. The typical clinical presentation is retro-malleolar pain, in some cases associated with palpable swelling around the fibular malleolus, pain during activities and difficulty in walking. We present a case of peroneus brevis split lesion with superior peroneal retinaculum avulsion in a young athlete who referred to the emergency ward of our hospital for left ankle pain after an inversion injury. An early diagnosis allowed treating the injury and promptly resuming sport activity, after rehabilitation training. Surgical reconstruction key-points and postsurgical follow-up were also discussed. A late diagnosis would have caused a symptomatology worsening and an increased recovery time.展开更多
Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a common pathology in the aging population of the developed world which carries a significant mortality in excess of 80% in case of rupture. Aneurysmal disease probably represents the only...Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a common pathology in the aging population of the developed world which carries a significant mortality in excess of 80% in case of rupture. Aneurysmal disease probably represents the only surgical condition in which size is such a critical determinant of the need for intervention and therefore the ability to accurately and reproducibly record aneurysm size and growth over time is of outmost importance. In the same time that imaging techniques may be limited by intra- and inter-observer variability and there may be inconsistencies due to different modalities [ultrasound, computed tomography(CT)], rapid technologic advancement have taken aortic imaging to the next level. Digital imaging, multidetector scanners, thin slice CT and most- importantly the ability to perform 3-dimensional reconstruction and image post-processing have currently become widely available rendering most of the imaging modalities used in the past out of date. The aim of the current article is to report on various imaging methods and current state of the art techniques used to record aneurysm size and growth. Moreover we aim to emphasize on the future research directions and report on techniques which probably will be widely used and incorporated in clinical practice in the near future.展开更多
Episodic autobiographical memory(AM) allows one, through the recollection of sensory-perceptual details, thoughts and feelings, to become aware of an event as belonging to one's own past as well as being able to p...Episodic autobiographical memory(AM) allows one, through the recollection of sensory-perceptual details, thoughts and feelings, to become aware of an event as belonging to one's own past as well as being able to project into one's future. Because AM provides a sense of self-continuity, contributes to the integrity of the self, and helps predicting future experiences, any deficit of AM may have debilitating consequences for everyday life functioning. Understanding AM failure and the underlying neural mechanisms has the potential to shed light on brain reorganization mechanisms and engagement of compensatory processes. Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) provides the most promising imaging method to tackle these issues. We reviewed evidence from the few studies that used fMRI to investigate the functionality of the residual tissue, the neural reorganization and compensatory mechanisms in patients with neurological conditions due to impaired medial temporal lobe. Overall, these studies highlight the importance of the left hippocampus, which when atrophied and not functional leads to AM deficits but its residual functionality may support relatively normal AM recollection. When damaged hippocampal tissue is not functional, other brain regions(e.g., the medial prefrontal cortex) may be involved to compensate impairment, but they appear generally ineffective to support detailed episodic recollection.展开更多
Seizures are one of the most common pediatric neu-rologic disorders. Many complications secondary to seizures have been described in the literature including head trauma, fractures, drowning and burns. How-ever, to th...Seizures are one of the most common pediatric neu-rologic disorders. Many complications secondary to seizures have been described in the literature including head trauma, fractures, drowning and burns. How-ever, to the best of our knowledge, rupture of the myotendinous insertion of the temporalis muscle on the mandible secondary to a seizure has never been described in the literature. We report the case of a unilateral temporalis muscle rupture in a 16-year-old boy who developed unilateral facial swelling following new onset tonic-clonic seizures. We emphasize on the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imag-ing findings in this case report. Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain such an injury. The favored mechanism in our patient is a pull on the temporalis myotendinous insertion on the mandible following vig-orous and brisk deviation of the head and neck during seizure. Radiologists should be familiar with this type of injury following seizures in order to prevent misdiagno-sis and subsequently mistreatment.展开更多
To provide a systematic review of scientific literatureon functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) stud-ies on sustained attention in psychosis. We searchedPubMed to identify fMRI studies pertaining sustainedattent...To provide a systematic review of scientific literatureon functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) stud-ies on sustained attention in psychosis. We searchedPubMed to identify fMRI studies pertaining sustainedattention in both affective and non-affective psycho-sis. Only studies conducted on adult patients using asustained attention task during fMRI scanning wereincluded in the final review. The search was conductedon September 10 th, 2013. 15 fMRI studies met our in-clusion criteria: 12 studies were focused on Schizophre-nia and 3 on Bipolar Disorder Type Ⅰ(BDI). Only halfof the Schizophrenia studies and two of the BDI stud-ies reported behavioral abnormalities, but all of themevidenced significant functional differences in brain re-gions related to the sustained attention system. Alteredfunctioning of the insula was found in both Schizophre-nia and BDI, and therefore proposed as a candidate trait marker for psychosis in general. On the other hand, other brain regions were differently impaired in affective and non-affective psychosis: alterations of cingulate cortex and thalamus seemed to be more common in Schizophrenia and amygdala dysfunctions in BDI. Neural correlates of sustained attention seem to be of great interest in the study of psychosis, highlight-ing differences and similarities between Schizophrenia and BDI.展开更多
2014-2017 EDITORS-IN-CHIEFKai U Juergens,BremenStuart M Grieve,SydneyWai-Kit Lee,FitzroyTarik Zine Belhocine,TorontoJames Chow,Toronto The World Journal of Radiology Editorial Board consists of 365 members,representin...2014-2017 EDITORS-IN-CHIEFKai U Juergens,BremenStuart M Grieve,SydneyWai-Kit Lee,FitzroyTarik Zine Belhocine,TorontoJames Chow,Toronto The World Journal of Radiology Editorial Board consists of 365 members,representing a team of worldwide experts in radiology.They are from 36 countries,including Afghanistan(1),Argentina(2),Australia(5),Austria(7),Belgium(2),Brazil(8),Canada(6),Chile(1),China(43),Croatia(1),Denmark(4),Egypt(6),France(5),Germany(22),Greece(10),India(12),Iran(6),Ireland(2),Israel(3),Italy(47),Japan(13),Netherlands(1),New Zealand(1),Pakistan(1),Poland(2),Portugal(1),Serbia(1),Singapore(3),Slovakia(1),South Korea(18),Spain(4),Sweden(2),Switzerland(4),Thailand(1),Turkey(26),United Kingdom(11),and United States(82).展开更多
AIM: To compare the reported injuries on initial assessment of the chest X-ray (CXR) in thoracic trauma patients to a second read performed by a dedicated trauma radiologist. METHODS: By retrospective analysis of a pr...AIM: To compare the reported injuries on initial assessment of the chest X-ray (CXR) in thoracic trauma patients to a second read performed by a dedicated trauma radiologist. METHODS: By retrospective analysis of a prospective database, 712 patients with an injury to the chest admitted to the University Medical Center Utrecht were studied. All patients with a CXR were included in the study. Every CXR was re-evaluated by a trauma radiologist, who was blinded for the initial results. The findings of the trauma radiologist regarding rib fractures, pneumothoraces, hemothoraces and lung contusions were compared with the initial reports from the trauma team, derived from the original patient files. RESULTS: A total of 516 patients with both thorax trauma and an initial CXR were included in the study. After re-evaluation of the initial CXR significantly more lung contusions (53.3% vs 34.1%, P < 0.001), hemothoraces (17.8% vs 11.0%, P < 0.001) and pneumothoraces (34.4% vs 26.4%, P < 0.001) were detected.During initial assessment significantly more rib fractures were reported (69.8% vs 62.3%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: During the initial assessment of a CXR from trauma patients in the emergency department, a significant number of treatment-dictating injuries are missed. More awareness for these specific injuries is needed.展开更多
Dr. Feng Chen is a chief medical doctor and the vice chairman of the Department of Radiology in Zhong Da Hospital at Southeast University, Nanjing, China and a senior researcher in the Department of Radiology at the C...Dr. Feng Chen is a chief medical doctor and the vice chairman of the Department of Radiology in Zhong Da Hospital at Southeast University, Nanjing, China and a senior researcher in the Department of Radiology at the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium. His main areas of interest are translational imaging research including stroke, tumor angiogenesis, assessment of therapeutic response in solid tumors, and magnetic resonance contrast media. Dr. Feng Chen has published 44 scientific papers in peer-reviewed international journals. He and his colleagues have developed an imaging platform which includes animal models, animal preparations and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for translational animal imaging research using clinical machines. His MRI findings on rodent stroke are considered to "serve as a model for future laboratory investigations of treatment of acutestroke and unify the approaches developed for clinical studies". He and his colleagues have introduced a novel liver tumor model in rodents, in which a series of studies concerning the antitumor activity of vascular disrupting agents have been successively conducted and assessed by in vivo MRI, especially by diffusion weighted imaging as an imaging biomarker. His goal is to provide valuable references for clinical practice and to contribute to the translation of animal imaging research into patient applications.展开更多
GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Radiology(World J Radiol,WJR,online ISSN 1949-8470,DOI:10.4329),is a monthly,open-access(OA),peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 307 experts in Radiology from ...GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Radiology(World J Radiol,WJR,online ISSN 1949-8470,DOI:10.4329),is a monthly,open-access(OA),peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 307 experts in Radiology from 39 countries.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Radiology. The editors
AIM: To describe our preliminary experience with simultaneous whole body ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose(^(18)F-FDG)positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging(PET-MRI) in the evaluation of pediatric oncolog...AIM: To describe our preliminary experience with simultaneous whole body ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose(^(18)F-FDG)positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging(PET-MRI) in the evaluation of pediatric oncology patients.METHODS: This prospective, observational, singlecenter study was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant, and institutional review board approved. To be eligible, a patient was required to:(1) have a known or suspected cancer diagnosis;(2) be under the care of a pediatric hematologist/oncologist; and(3) be scheduled for clinically indicated ^(18)F-FDG PETCT examination at our institution. Patients underwent PET-CT followed by PET-MRI on the same day. PET-CT examinations were performed using standard department protocols. PET-MRI studies were acquired with an integrated 3 Tesla PET-MRI scanner using whole body T1 Dixon, T2 HASTE, EPI diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) and STIR sequences. No additional radiotracer was given for the PET-MRI examination. Both PET-CT and PETMRI examinations were reviewed by consensus by two study personnel. Test performance characteristics of PETMRI, for the detection of malignant lesions, including FDG maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax) and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient(ADCmin), were calculated on a per lesion basis using PET-CT as a reference standard.RESULTS: A total of 10 whole body PET-MRI exams were performed in 7 pediatric oncology patients. The mean patient age was 16.1 years(range 12-19 years) including 6 males and 1 female. A total of 20 malignant and 21 benign lesions were identified on PET-CT. PET-MRI SUVmax had excellent correlation with PET-CT SUVmax for both benign and malignant lesions(R = 0.93). PETMRI SUVmax > 2.5 had 100% accuracy for discriminating benign from malignant lesions using PET-computed tomography(CT) reference. Whole body DWI was also evaluated: the mean ADCmin of malignant lesions(780.2 + 326.6) was significantly lower than that of benign lesions(1246.2 + 417.3; P = 0.0003; Student's t test). A range of ADCmin thresholds for malignancy were evaluated, from 0.5-1.5 × 10^(-3) mm^2/s. The 1.0 × 10^(-3) ADCmin threshold performed best compared with PETCT reference(68.3% accuracy). However, the accuracy of PET-MRI SUVmax was significantly better than ADCmin for detecting malignant lesions compared with PET-CT reference(P < 0.0001; two-tailed Mc Nemar's test).CONCLUSION: These results suggest a clinical role for simultaneous whole body PET-MRI in evaluating pediatric cancer patients.展开更多
Congenital central nervous system tumors diagnosed during pregnancy are rare, and often have a poor prognosis. The most frequent type is the teratoma. Use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance image allows the suspicio...Congenital central nervous system tumors diagnosed during pregnancy are rare, and often have a poor prognosis. The most frequent type is the teratoma. Use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance image allows the suspicion of brain tumors during pregnancy. However, the definitive diagnosis is only confirmed after birth by histology. The purpose of this mini-review article is to describe the general clinical aspects of intracranial tumors and describe the main fetal brain tumors.展开更多
文摘Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(DWMRI) is considered part of the standard imaging protocol for the evaluation of patients with prostate cancer.It has been proven valuable as a functional tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of prostate cancer beyond anatomical MRI sequences such as T2-weighted imaging. This review discusses ongoing controversies in DW-MRI acquisition, including the optimal number of b-values to be used for prostate DWI, and summarizes the current literature on the use of advanced DWMRI techniques. These include intravoxel incoherent motion imaging, which better accounts for the nonmono-exponential behavior of the apparent diffusion coefficient as a function of b-value and the influence of perfusion at low b-values. Another technique is diffusion kurtosis imaging(DKI). Metrics from DKI reflect excess kurtosis of tissues, representing its deviation from Gaussian diffusion behavior. Preliminary results suggest that DKI findings may have more value than findings from conventional DW-MRI for the assessment of prostate cancer.
文摘The aim of this article is to clarify diagnostic pitfalls of pancreatic serous cystic neoplasm(SCN) that may result in erroneous characterization. Usual and unusual imaging findings of SCN as well as potential SCN mimickers are presented. The diagnostic key of SCN is to look for a cluster of microcysts(honeycomb pattern), which may not be always found in the center. Fibrosis in SCN may be mistaken for a mural nodule of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN). The absence of cyst wall enhancement may be helpful to distinguish SCN from mucinous cystic neoplasm. However, oligocystic SCN and branch duct type IPMN may morphologically overlap. In addition, solid serous adenoma, an extremely rare variant of SCN, is difficult to distinguish from neuroendocrine tumor.
文摘Recent retrospective studies have reported the use ofstereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) in the treatment of gy-necologic cancers. SRS uses real-time imaging and highdose radiation beams attached to precise robotic armsto target malignant lesions while sparing normal tissue.The purpose of this review is to examine the indicationsfor SRS in gynecologic oncology, review the currentliterature regarding the use of SRS in gynecologic can-cers, and identify future directions for research in thisarea. Literature on stereotactic radiosurgery was re-viewed using the PubMed search engine. Articles writ-ten in English from 1993-2013 were reviewed, and 20 case series and clinical trials were included. The safetyand efficacy SRS has been demonstrated in all gyne-cologic disease sites including cervical, endometrial,vulvar, vaginal, and ovarian cancers. Indications for itsuse include non-central pelvic recurrences in previouslyirradiated patients, complex or non-resectable diseaserecurrence, and solitary brain metastases. Toxicitiesare usually mild, though grade 3-4 toxicities have been reported. SRS is a promising second line treatment modality for patients with primary or recurrent disease who cannot undergo standard surgical or radiation therapy. Further research is required to determine optimal dosing and fractionation schedules, delineate appropriate patient populations, and assess longterm morbidity and survival.
文摘We acknowledge our sincere thanks to our reviewers. Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of our World Series Journals. Both the editors of the journals and authors of the manuscripts submitted to the journals are grateful to the following reviewers for reviewing the articles (either published or rejected) over the past period of time.James Chow, PhD, Radiation Physicist, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Avenue,Toronto,
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Radiology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to
基金Supported by The Haldane-Spearman Consortium for PhD funding for Dr. Gunner F, Swecarb AB for provision of the carbo-hydrate drink，and Pfizer for funding the 1H Repeatability work Dr.Stephenson M was supported by the University of Notting-ham’s Mansfield Fellowship scheme+2 种基金7T work was supported by grant G9900259 from the Medical Research CouncilPfizer and grant G0901321 from the Medical Research CouncilThe 7 T MR Scanner in Nottingham, was funded by a Joint Infrastructure Fund Grant from the Wellcome Trust UK
文摘AIM: To discuss the advantages of ultra-high field (7T) for 1H and 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of metabolism.made at both 3 and 7T using 1H MRS. Measurements of glycogen and lipids in muscle were measured using 13C and 1H MRS respectively. RESULTS: In the brain, increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dispersion allows spectral separation of the amino-acids glutamate, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), without the need for sophisticated editing sequences. Improved quantification of these me-tabolites is demonstrated at 7T relative to 3T. SNR was 36% higher, and measurement repeatability (% coefficients of variation) was 4%, 10% and 10% at 7T, vs 8%, 29% and 21% at 3T for glutamate, glutamine and GABA respectively. Measurements at 7T were used to compare metabolite levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula. Creatine and glutamate levels were found to be significantly higher in the insula compared to the ACC (P 【 0.05). In muscle, the increased SNR and spectral resolution at 7T enables interleaved studies of glycogen (13C) and intra-myocellular lipid (IMCL) and extra-myocellular lipid (EMCL) (1H) following exercise and refeeding. Glycogen levels were sig-nificantly decreased following exercise (-28% at 50% VO2 max; -58% at 75% VO2 max). Interestingly, levels of glycogen in the hamstrings followed those in the quadriceps, despite reduce exercise loading. No changes in IMCL and EMCL were found in the study. CONCLUSION: The demonstrated improvements in brain and muscle MRS measurements at 7T will increase the potential for use in investigating human metabolism and changes due to pathologies.
文摘The author tells a story of how he has become an expert of interventional radiotherapy from a graduate of middle school.In his childhood,he wanted to become an astronomer.However,he was forced to go to the countryside as a school graduate.In 1974,he was enrolled as a"worker-peasant-soldier"student in Henan Medical College.After graduated from the college,he was assigned to the Radiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical College where he worked hard as an assistant doctor.Then,he was transferred to Nanfang Hospital(Guangzhou,China) where he achieved great successes and thus has become an expert of interventional radiology.
文摘Tears of peroneus brevis tendon represent a cause of underdiagnosed lateral ankle pain and instability. The typical clinical presentation is retro-malleolar pain, in some cases associated with palpable swelling around the fibular malleolus, pain during activities and difficulty in walking. We present a case of peroneus brevis split lesion with superior peroneal retinaculum avulsion in a young athlete who referred to the emergency ward of our hospital for left ankle pain after an inversion injury. An early diagnosis allowed treating the injury and promptly resuming sport activity, after rehabilitation training. Surgical reconstruction key-points and postsurgical follow-up were also discussed. A late diagnosis would have caused a symptomatology worsening and an increased recovery time.
文摘Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a common pathology in the aging population of the developed world which carries a significant mortality in excess of 80% in case of rupture. Aneurysmal disease probably represents the only surgical condition in which size is such a critical determinant of the need for intervention and therefore the ability to accurately and reproducibly record aneurysm size and growth over time is of outmost importance. In the same time that imaging techniques may be limited by intra- and inter-observer variability and there may be inconsistencies due to different modalities [ultrasound, computed tomography(CT)], rapid technologic advancement have taken aortic imaging to the next level. Digital imaging, multidetector scanners, thin slice CT and most- importantly the ability to perform 3-dimensional reconstruction and image post-processing have currently become widely available rendering most of the imaging modalities used in the past out of date. The aim of the current article is to report on various imaging methods and current state of the art techniques used to record aneurysm size and growth. Moreover we aim to emphasize on the future research directions and report on techniques which probably will be widely used and incorporated in clinical practice in the near future.
文摘Episodic autobiographical memory(AM) allows one, through the recollection of sensory-perceptual details, thoughts and feelings, to become aware of an event as belonging to one's own past as well as being able to project into one's future. Because AM provides a sense of self-continuity, contributes to the integrity of the self, and helps predicting future experiences, any deficit of AM may have debilitating consequences for everyday life functioning. Understanding AM failure and the underlying neural mechanisms has the potential to shed light on brain reorganization mechanisms and engagement of compensatory processes. Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) provides the most promising imaging method to tackle these issues. We reviewed evidence from the few studies that used fMRI to investigate the functionality of the residual tissue, the neural reorganization and compensatory mechanisms in patients with neurological conditions due to impaired medial temporal lobe. Overall, these studies highlight the importance of the left hippocampus, which when atrophied and not functional leads to AM deficits but its residual functionality may support relatively normal AM recollection. When damaged hippocampal tissue is not functional, other brain regions(e.g., the medial prefrontal cortex) may be involved to compensate impairment, but they appear generally ineffective to support detailed episodic recollection.
文摘Seizures are one of the most common pediatric neu-rologic disorders. Many complications secondary to seizures have been described in the literature including head trauma, fractures, drowning and burns. How-ever, to the best of our knowledge, rupture of the myotendinous insertion of the temporalis muscle on the mandible secondary to a seizure has never been described in the literature. We report the case of a unilateral temporalis muscle rupture in a 16-year-old boy who developed unilateral facial swelling following new onset tonic-clonic seizures. We emphasize on the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imag-ing findings in this case report. Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain such an injury. The favored mechanism in our patient is a pull on the temporalis myotendinous insertion on the mandible following vig-orous and brisk deviation of the head and neck during seizure. Radiologists should be familiar with this type of injury following seizures in order to prevent misdiagno-sis and subsequently mistreatment.
文摘To provide a systematic review of scientific literatureon functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) stud-ies on sustained attention in psychosis. We searchedPubMed to identify fMRI studies pertaining sustainedattention in both affective and non-affective psycho-sis. Only studies conducted on adult patients using asustained attention task during fMRI scanning wereincluded in the final review. The search was conductedon September 10 th, 2013. 15 fMRI studies met our in-clusion criteria: 12 studies were focused on Schizophre-nia and 3 on Bipolar Disorder Type Ⅰ(BDI). Only halfof the Schizophrenia studies and two of the BDI stud-ies reported behavioral abnormalities, but all of themevidenced significant functional differences in brain re-gions related to the sustained attention system. Alteredfunctioning of the insula was found in both Schizophre-nia and BDI, and therefore proposed as a candidate trait marker for psychosis in general. On the other hand, other brain regions were differently impaired in affective and non-affective psychosis: alterations of cingulate cortex and thalamus seemed to be more common in Schizophrenia and amygdala dysfunctions in BDI. Neural correlates of sustained attention seem to be of great interest in the study of psychosis, highlight-ing differences and similarities between Schizophrenia and BDI.
文摘2014-2017 EDITORS-IN-CHIEFKai U Juergens,BremenStuart M Grieve,SydneyWai-Kit Lee,FitzroyTarik Zine Belhocine,TorontoJames Chow,Toronto The World Journal of Radiology Editorial Board consists of 365 members,representing a team of worldwide experts in radiology.They are from 36 countries,including Afghanistan(1),Argentina(2),Australia(5),Austria(7),Belgium(2),Brazil(8),Canada(6),Chile(1),China(43),Croatia(1),Denmark(4),Egypt(6),France(5),Germany(22),Greece(10),India(12),Iran(6),Ireland(2),Israel(3),Italy(47),Japan(13),Netherlands(1),New Zealand(1),Pakistan(1),Poland(2),Portugal(1),Serbia(1),Singapore(3),Slovakia(1),South Korea(18),Spain(4),Sweden(2),Switzerland(4),Thailand(1),Turkey(26),United Kingdom(11),and United States(82).
文摘AIM: To compare the reported injuries on initial assessment of the chest X-ray (CXR) in thoracic trauma patients to a second read performed by a dedicated trauma radiologist. METHODS: By retrospective analysis of a prospective database, 712 patients with an injury to the chest admitted to the University Medical Center Utrecht were studied. All patients with a CXR were included in the study. Every CXR was re-evaluated by a trauma radiologist, who was blinded for the initial results. The findings of the trauma radiologist regarding rib fractures, pneumothoraces, hemothoraces and lung contusions were compared with the initial reports from the trauma team, derived from the original patient files. RESULTS: A total of 516 patients with both thorax trauma and an initial CXR were included in the study. After re-evaluation of the initial CXR significantly more lung contusions (53.3% vs 34.1%, P < 0.001), hemothoraces (17.8% vs 11.0%, P < 0.001) and pneumothoraces (34.4% vs 26.4%, P < 0.001) were detected.During initial assessment significantly more rib fractures were reported (69.8% vs 62.3%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: During the initial assessment of a CXR from trauma patients in the emergency department, a significant number of treatment-dictating injuries are missed. More awareness for these specific injuries is needed.
基金Supported by Health Bureau of Jiangsu Province, China Chinese Scholarship Council+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaEuropean Congress of Radiology 2000, EAR-ECR Research and Education Fund Fellowship Grant European Union Asia-Link Project
文摘Dr. Feng Chen is a chief medical doctor and the vice chairman of the Department of Radiology in Zhong Da Hospital at Southeast University, Nanjing, China and a senior researcher in the Department of Radiology at the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium. His main areas of interest are translational imaging research including stroke, tumor angiogenesis, assessment of therapeutic response in solid tumors, and magnetic resonance contrast media. Dr. Feng Chen has published 44 scientific papers in peer-reviewed international journals. He and his colleagues have developed an imaging platform which includes animal models, animal preparations and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for translational animal imaging research using clinical machines. His MRI findings on rodent stroke are considered to "serve as a model for future laboratory investigations of treatment of acutestroke and unify the approaches developed for clinical studies". He and his colleagues have introduced a novel liver tumor model in rodents, in which a series of studies concerning the antitumor activity of vascular disrupting agents have been successively conducted and assessed by in vivo MRI, especially by diffusion weighted imaging as an imaging biomarker. His goal is to provide valuable references for clinical practice and to contribute to the translation of animal imaging research into patient applications.
文摘GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Radiology(World J Radiol,WJR,online ISSN 1949-8470,DOI:10.4329),is a monthly,open-access(OA),peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 307 experts in Radiology from 39 countries.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Radiology. The editors
文摘AIM: To describe our preliminary experience with simultaneous whole body ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose(^(18)F-FDG)positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging(PET-MRI) in the evaluation of pediatric oncology patients.METHODS: This prospective, observational, singlecenter study was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant, and institutional review board approved. To be eligible, a patient was required to:(1) have a known or suspected cancer diagnosis;(2) be under the care of a pediatric hematologist/oncologist; and(3) be scheduled for clinically indicated ^(18)F-FDG PETCT examination at our institution. Patients underwent PET-CT followed by PET-MRI on the same day. PET-CT examinations were performed using standard department protocols. PET-MRI studies were acquired with an integrated 3 Tesla PET-MRI scanner using whole body T1 Dixon, T2 HASTE, EPI diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) and STIR sequences. No additional radiotracer was given for the PET-MRI examination. Both PET-CT and PETMRI examinations were reviewed by consensus by two study personnel. Test performance characteristics of PETMRI, for the detection of malignant lesions, including FDG maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax) and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient(ADCmin), were calculated on a per lesion basis using PET-CT as a reference standard.RESULTS: A total of 10 whole body PET-MRI exams were performed in 7 pediatric oncology patients. The mean patient age was 16.1 years(range 12-19 years) including 6 males and 1 female. A total of 20 malignant and 21 benign lesions were identified on PET-CT. PET-MRI SUVmax had excellent correlation with PET-CT SUVmax for both benign and malignant lesions(R = 0.93). PETMRI SUVmax > 2.5 had 100% accuracy for discriminating benign from malignant lesions using PET-computed tomography(CT) reference. Whole body DWI was also evaluated: the mean ADCmin of malignant lesions(780.2 + 326.6) was significantly lower than that of benign lesions(1246.2 + 417.3; P = 0.0003; Student's t test). A range of ADCmin thresholds for malignancy were evaluated, from 0.5-1.5 × 10^(-3) mm^2/s. The 1.0 × 10^(-3) ADCmin threshold performed best compared with PETCT reference(68.3% accuracy). However, the accuracy of PET-MRI SUVmax was significantly better than ADCmin for detecting malignant lesions compared with PET-CT reference(P < 0.0001; two-tailed Mc Nemar's test).CONCLUSION: These results suggest a clinical role for simultaneous whole body PET-MRI in evaluating pediatric cancer patients.
文摘Congenital central nervous system tumors diagnosed during pregnancy are rare, and often have a poor prognosis. The most frequent type is the teratoma. Use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance image allows the suspicion of brain tumors during pregnancy. However, the definitive diagnosis is only confirmed after birth by histology. The purpose of this mini-review article is to describe the general clinical aspects of intracranial tumors and describe the main fetal brain tumors.
