The use of insecticides remain the most effective vector control approach for mosquito borne diseases like malaria,dengue fever,chikungunya,and Zika virus disease;however,their increasing resistance has complicated th...The use of insecticides remain the most effective vector control approach for mosquito borne diseases like malaria,dengue fever,chikungunya,and Zika virus disease;however,their increasing resistance has complicated the management.Mutations in kdr,ace-1/ace-2,rdl,and nAChR,are involved in target-site mediated resistance and prevent the binding of pyrethroids and dichlorodiph enyltrichloroethane,organophosphorus pesticide,carbamates and cyclodienes,respectively.Here,we review the current knowledge on target-site mediated insecticidal resistance mechanisms in major mosquito vectors and the techniques used to identify these mutations.The results showed that kdr mutations are frequently reported in mosquito species,indicating the overuse of pyrethroid in mosquito control.Report on ace mutations is very limited,primarily detected in Anopheles and Culex,with extremely low detection rate in Aedes,despite the wide application of organophosphates in their control.Notably,reports of rdl mutations and changes in nAChR are rare,which provides an opportunity to exploit these target sites,particularly in the event of disease outbreaks.Among various detection methods such as RFLP,TaqMan,Multiplex PCR and FRET,allele-specific PCR is mostly employed,especially in detecting kdr mutation.However,allele-specific PCR cannot detect novel mutation.As a result,there is an urgent need to develop a scalable,cost-effective tool that can be widely applied especially as these mutations are genetic markers for early detection of insecticide resistance.Robust monitoring methods remain critical to manage insecticide resistance and effective control of mosquito-borne diseases.展开更多
Rationale:Aeromonas hydrophila,a bacterium commonly found in a variety of soils,aquatic habitats,and other natural environments,is known for causing infections and hemorrhagic diseases in both aquatic and terrestrial ...Rationale:Aeromonas hydrophila,a bacterium commonly found in a variety of soils,aquatic habitats,and other natural environments,is known for causing infections and hemorrhagic diseases in both aquatic and terrestrial animals.Patients with leukemia,when infected by Aeromonas hydrophila following chemotherapy,face an increased risk of developing necrotizing fasciitis.Patient concerns:A 48-year-old male with a history of acute myeloid leukemia presented with swelling and pain in his right hand after being stabbed by a grass carp two days ago.The injury occurred on the fifth day after his last chemotherapy session when he was accidentally punctured in the right thumb and ring finger by a carp while fishing.Two days following the injury,the skin isurrounding the wound turned black immediately,while the rest of his hand was reddened,swollen,and bleeding.Diagnosis:Aeromonas hydrophila infection in the soft tissue of the right hand.Interventions:Intravenous antibiotics and local debridement.Outcomes:The patient experienced an alleviation of systemic poisoning symptoms,effective control of the local wound infection.Lessons:It is important for physicians to appreciate the potential for highly unusual and life-threatening infections in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can prevent the development of necrotizing fasciitis and save patients’lives.展开更多
Objective:To assess healthcare workers’knowledge of novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in the early phase of the outbreak in Indonesia.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 12 hospitals in Indonesia ...Objective:To assess healthcare workers’knowledge of novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in the early phase of the outbreak in Indonesia.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 12 hospitals in Indonesia from March 6 to March 25,2020.Healthcare workers’knowledge on COVID-19 was assessed,and demographic data,workplace characteristics,and medical professional characteristics as well as the current local situation of COVID-19 were collected.To characterize determinants associated with knowledge,a logistic regression analysis was employed.Results:Out of 288 healthcare workers who completed the interview-assisted questionnaire,149(51.7%)respondents had a good knowledge.Nurses and other types of healthcare workers had lower odds of having good knowledge compared to doctors:adjusted odds ratio(aO R):0.38;95%CI:0.20-0.72 and aO R:0.31;95%CI:0.13-0.73,respectively.Compared to healthcare workers who had medical practice experience less than 5 years,those who had worked for more than 10 years had lower knowledge(a OR:0.43;95%CI:0.20-0.90).Healthcare workers who worked in the infection department had higher knowledge compared to those in the emergency room(aO R:14.33;95%CI:3.67-55.88).Conclusions:The knowledge of COVID-19 among surveyed healthcare workers was relatively low.The COVID-19 response in Indonesia will require further education and enhancement of the capacity of healthcare workers in the emergency room where COVID-19 patients may be treated the earliest.展开更多
The global epidemic of diabetes and tuberculosis poses challenges to the control of both diseases.Patients with tuberculosis and diabetes experience worse clinical manifestations,increased risk of treatment failure,re...The global epidemic of diabetes and tuberculosis poses challenges to the control of both diseases.Patients with tuberculosis and diabetes experience worse clinical manifestations,increased risk of treatment failure,recurrence,and death.Diabetes is also associated with risk for latent tuberculosis infection.Management of hyperglycemia reduces the risk and improves the outcome of tuberculosis in diabetic patients.Recent epidemiological studies from Taiwan have provided new and important information on the benefits of metformin in tuberculosis.When addressing the issue of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis,a shortened anti-tuberculous therapeutic regime seems a feasible approach for better cure rates,with less loss-to-follow.展开更多
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine(APJTM)is an international journal of tropical medicine that is edited by International Federation of Tropical Medicine(IFTM)and published by Elsevier.It is the only journal o...Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine(APJTM)is an international journal of tropical medicine that is edited by International Federation of Tropical Medicine(IFTM)and published by Elsevier.It is the only journal of tropical medicine included by SCI,Medline in China.It indicates APJTM has become one of the top international journals.展开更多
Objective: To identify the phytochemical compounds from Annona muricata(A. muricata) and to determine their in vitro anti-proliferative activities against breast cancer cells, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. Methods: A. muricata...Objective: To identify the phytochemical compounds from Annona muricata(A. muricata) and to determine their in vitro anti-proliferative activities against breast cancer cells, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. Methods: A. muricata leaves were successively extracted by soxhlet method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, and decocted with water. Each extract was analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GCMS) and characterized with Wiley and NIST library searches. Anti-proliferative activity of each extract was evaluated on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using MTT assay. Results: The GCMS analysis of different solvent extracts of A. muricata leaves showed presence of different chemical groups of compounds such as steroids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, sugars, sugars alcohol and others including vitamin E. Ethyl acetate leaves extract exhibited the lowest IC_(50) value on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell and n-hexane leaves extract showed the the lowest IC_(50) value on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell. Conclusion: Steroids and phenolic compounds were the main phytocompound groups identified from all A. muricata leaves extracts. The antiproliferative activity of n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract towards breast cancer MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 respectively might be due to the presence of biologically active compounds in the extracts, hence, providing some scientific evidences of the effectiveness of its traditional usages.展开更多
Objective: To determine the frequency of anti-HCV antibody positivity in patients with nonliver disease complaints, to explore whether anti-HCV positive patients had been properly advised and visited hepatologists for...Objective: To determine the frequency of anti-HCV antibody positivity in patients with nonliver disease complaints, to explore whether anti-HCV positive patients had been properly advised and visited hepatologists for further assessments, and to investigate their clinical characteristics as well as the HCV treatment status.Methods: A hospital based survey of nonliver disease patients with anti-HCV positive and their attending physicians was conducted to determine: 1.were the patients adequately advised of the implication of anti-HCV positive finding; 2.to what extent the patients were aware of potential chronic liver disease associated with HCV infection and whether they sought for further assessments and care of hepatologists.Results: A total of 295 294 non-liver disease patients were tested for anti-HCV antibody, and 2 778 of them were found to be positive(0.94%).However, only 45.10%(1 253/2 778) of the anti-HCV antibody(+) patients were referred to hepatologists and received HCV RNA test.In addition, 34.10%(312/915) and 1.42%(13/915) of them had already advanced to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), respectively.Further analysis showed that the patients who declined antiviral therapy were older, with lower education and lower income, possessed poorer knowledge on the risk of chronic hepatitis C, and had more severe liver diseases.Surprisingly, 65% of the surveyed physicians did not know the genotype-guided treatment duration suggested by the guidelines.Alarmingly, 22% of the surveyed physicians did not know the standard assays for the diagnosis of HCV infection.Conclusions: Our findings highlight the challenge and hidden enormous burden of chronic HCV infection among patients with non-liver disease complaints in China.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of preoperative portal venous injection of donor spleen cells(PVIDSC) and intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin in the acute rejection of cardiac allograft in mice and the underly...Objective:To investigate the effects of preoperative portal venous injection of donor spleen cells(PVIDSC) and intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin in the acute rejection of cardiac allograft in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Methods:Homogenous female B6 mice and BALB/c mice were used as recipients and donors of heart transplantation. These mice were randomly divided into different groups and received PVIDSC alone,rapamycin alone,or PVIDSC and rapamycin combined therapy. In addition,the underlying mechanism was studied by measuring a number of cytokines. Results:Preoperative combination of PVIDSC and intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin significantly prolonged the survival of heterotopic cardiac allograft in mice,but had no effects on the survival time of cardiac allografts in mice pre-sensitized by skin grafting. Preoperative combination of PVIDSC and intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin increased the expression of IL-10 and Foxp3 and reduced the expression of INF-γ. Short-term preoperative administration of rapamycin promotes the expression of CD4^+CD25^+Foxp3^+ regulator T cells. However,preoperative using alone of rapamycin,or combination of PVIDSC and rapamycin had no effects on the inhibition of proliferation of memory T cells. Conclusions:Preoperative application of combination of PVIDSC and rapamycin significantly prolonged the survival time of cardiac allografts in mice but not in mice pre-sensitized by skin grafting. This may be explained by the fact that combination of PVIDSC and rapamycin inhibited the cellular immune response and induced the expression of IL-10 from Tr1 cells and CD4^+CD25^+FoxP3^+ regulatory T cells.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perilla frutescens(P. frutescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the e...Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perilla frutescens(P. frutescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the essential oil from the leaves of P. frutescens cultivars from China and Japan was extracted by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition and concentration of the volatile components present in the oils were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis. Results: Among the volatile components, the major proportion was of perilla ketone, which was followed by elemicin and beta-caryophyllene in the Chinese Perilla cultivars. The main component in the oil extracted from the Japanese accessions was myristicin, which was followed by perilla ketone and beta-caryophyllene. We could distinguish seven chemotypes, namely the perilla ketone(PK) type, perilla ketone, myristicin(PM) type, perilla ketone, unknown(PU) type, perilla ketone, beta-caryophyllene, myristicine(PB) type, perilla ketone, myristicin, unknown(PMU) type, perilla ketone, elemicine, myristicin, beta-caryophyllene(PEMB) type, and the perilla ketone, limonene, betacryophyllene, myristicin(L) type. Most of the accessions possessed higher essential oil content before the flowering time than at the flowering stage. The average plant height, leaf length, leaf width of the Chinese accessions was higher than those of the Japanese accessions. Conclusion:The results revealed that the harvest time and geographical origin caused polymorphisms in the essential oil composition and morphological traits in the Perilla accessions originating from China and Japan. Therefore, these chemotypes with desirable characters might be useful for industrial exploitation and for determining the harvest time.展开更多
Objective: To explore the presence of Zika virus(ZIKV) in Bangladesh and to understand the associated risk factors.Methods: A retrospective sero-surveillance was performed on stored serum samples of dengue surveillanc...Objective: To explore the presence of Zika virus(ZIKV) in Bangladesh and to understand the associated risk factors.Methods: A retrospective sero-surveillance was performed on stored serum samples of dengue surveillance conducted from 2013 to 2016. Real time RT-PCR was performed on randomly selected acute serum samples to detect the Zika virus nucleic acid.Results: Of 200 samples screened, one was found positive for ZIKV by real time RTPCR and further confirmed by genome sequencing. The case was a 65 years old male from a metropolitan city of Bangladesh who had no history of travel outside Bangladesh.Phylogenetic analysis of partial E gene sequences from Bangladeshi isolates demonstrated a close relationship with ZIKV from Brazil and current South American strains clustering within a monophyletic clade distinct from African lineage.Conclusions: Presence of ZIKV raises serious public health concerns in Bangladesh owing to its association with congenital anomalies/neurological-manifestations. We,therefore, recommend every suspected viral fever patient, particularly pregnant women be screened for ZIKV infection to rule out yet another emerging infection in Bangladesh.展开更多
Aims&ScopeAsian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine(APJTM),aims to set up and provide an academic communicating platform for international physicians,medical scientists,allied health scientists and public health ...Aims&ScopeAsian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine(APJTM),aims to set up and provide an academic communicating platform for international physicians,medical scientists,allied health scientists and public health workers,especially those of the Asia-展开更多
Objective: To determine the exposure of wild brown hares [Lepus europaeus(L. europaeus), pallas] to Anaplasma phagocytophilum(A. phagocytophilum), Borrelia burgdorferi(B. burgdorferi) sensu lato, Encephalitozoon cunic...Objective: To determine the exposure of wild brown hares [Lepus europaeus(L. europaeus), pallas] to Anaplasma phagocytophilum(A. phagocytophilum), Borrelia burgdorferi(B. burgdorferi) sensu lato, Encephalitozoon cuniculi(E. cuniculi), Leishmania sp., Neospora caninum(N. caninum) and Toxoplasma gondii(T. gondii). Methods: Two hundred twentytwo blood serum samples of wild brown hares captured in protected areas of the province of Pisa(Central Italy) were tested to detect antibodies against the reported pathogens. Results: Thirty one(14.0%) animals resulted positive for at least one tested agent, with antibody titres ranging from 1:20 to 1:320. In particular, 13(5.8%) samples were positive to B. burgdorferis.l., 11(4.9%) to N. caninum, 3(1.3%) to T. gondii, 2(0.9%) to A. phagocytophilum and 2(0.9%) to Leishmania sp. No samples scored positive to E. cuniculi. Four animals(14.8%) resulted coinfected with 2 different pathogens. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that B. burgdorferi s.l. N. caninum, T. gondii, A. phagocytophilum and Leishmania sp circulate in wild brown hares in Central Italy, suggesting a possible role of L. europaeus as reservoir of these pathogens. The obtained results showed that autochthonous wild brown hares living in Central Italy have been exposed to several pathogens circulating in this area, suggesting a possible role of L. europaeus as reservoir.展开更多
Objective: To investigate suitable condition for extraction of the active components from Ajuga nipponensis(A. nipponensis). Methods: Orthogonal experimental design was used to determine the optimal extraction paramet...Objective: To investigate suitable condition for extraction of the active components from Ajuga nipponensis(A. nipponensis). Methods: Orthogonal experimental design was used to determine the optimal extraction parameters for ecdysterones and flavonoids. Finally, the hepatoprotective abilities of A. nipponensis extracts were evaluated by CCl_4-induced animal models. Results:Maximum yields of flavonoids(7.87±0.10) mg/g and ecdysterones(0.73±0.02) mg/g could be obtained when the extraction time was 50 min, the extraction temperature was 60 ℃, and the ratio of sample to 70%(v/v) ethanol was 1:20(w/w). The antioxidant property of A. nipponensis was correlated to the concentration of its extracts. At 5 mg/m L, A. nipponensisextract scavenged 84.8% of DPPH radical and had absorbance values of 2.43±0.04 reducing power. Upon CCl_4-induced liver injury, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase decreased significantly after the mice were treated with A. nipponensis. Histological researches also explained that A. nipponensis reduced the extent of liver lesions induced by CCl_4. Conclusions: A. nipponensis exhibited potent antioxidant activity in chemical experimental models and hepatoprotective effect against CCl_4-induced liver damage.展开更多
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine(APJTM)is an international journal of tropical medicine that is edited by International Federation of Tropical Medicine(IFTM)and published by Elsevier.It is the only journal o...Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine(APJTM)is an international journal of tropical medicine that is edited by International Federation of Tropical Medicine(IFTM)and published by Elsevier.It is the only journal of tropical medicine included by SCI,Medline in China.It indicates APJTM has become one of the top international journals.展开更多
Objective:To study the relevance of EGFR gene mutation with pathological features and prognosis in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma.Methods:A total of 297 patients from July 2009 to May 2013 were chosen as ...Objective:To study the relevance of EGFR gene mutation with pathological features and prognosis in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma.Methods:A total of 297 patients from July 2009 to May 2013 were chosen as objects.EGFR gene mutation were detected with fluorescence quantitative PCR.Relevance of EGFR gene mutation with clinical and pathological features was analyzed,and the prognosis of EGFR- mutant-patients and that of EGFR- wide type-patients was compared.Results:In 297 patients.136(45.79%) showed EGFR gene mutation.EGFR gene mutation had no significant relevance with age.gender,smoking history,family history of cancer and clinical stage(P>0.05);there was significant relevance between EGFR gene mutation and blood type,pathologic types,differentiation and diameter of cancer(P<0.05).The difference between prognosis of EGFR- mutant-patients and that of EGFR- wide type-patients was statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusions:EGFR gene mutation has significant relevance with pathological features,the prognosis of EGFRmutant-paticnts is better than that of EGFR- wide type-patients.展开更多
Objective:To do mapping and modeling of conformational B cell epitope regions of highly conserved and protective regions of three merozoitecandidate vaccine proteins of Plasmodium vivax(P.vivax),ie.merozoite purface p...Objective:To do mapping and modeling of conformational B cell epitope regions of highly conserved and protective regions of three merozoitecandidate vaccine proteins of Plasmodium vivax(P.vivax),ie.merozoite purface protein-1(PvMSP-1),apical membrane antigen-1 domainⅡ(PvAMA1-DⅡ)and regionⅡof the Duffy binding protein(PvDBPⅡ).and to analyze the immunogenie properties of these predicted epitopes.Methods:3-D structures of amino acid haplotypes from Sri Lanka(available in GeneBank)of PvMSP-1_(19)(n=27),PvAMA1-DⅡ(n=21)and PvDBPⅡ(n=33)were modeled.SEPPA,selected as the best online server was used for conformational epitope predictions,while prediction and moodeling of protein structuve and properties related to immunogenicity was carried out with Geno3D server.SCRATCH Protein Server,NetSurfP Server and standaloneroftware,Genious 5.4.4.Results:SEPPA revealed that regions of predicted conformational epitopes formed 4 clusters in PvMSP-I_(19),and 3 clusters each in PvAMA1-DⅡand PvDBPⅡ,all of which displayed a high degree of hydrophilicity,contained solveut exposed residues,displayed high probability of antigenicity and showed positive antigenic propensity values,that indicated high degree of immunogenicity.Conclusions:Findings of this study revealed and confirmed that different parts of the sequences of each of the conserved regions of the three selected potential vaccine candidate antigens of P.vivax are important with regard to conformational epitope prediction that warrants further laboratory experimental invertigations in in vivo animal models.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of inhibitor everolimus on EGFR-TKI resistance NSCLC.Methods:MTT assay was used to detect proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549.Flow cytomet...Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of inhibitor everolimus on EGFR-TKI resistance NSCLC.Methods:MTT assay was used to detect proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549.Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of apoptosis and cycle distribution in each group after 24 h and 48 h.RT-PCR was used to detect the changes of PTEN and 4EBP1 expression levels after 48 h of monotherapy and combination therapy.Results:MTT assay showed that everolimus had dose-dependent inhibition against growth of A549 cells.Flow cytometry showed when everolimus could induce apoptosis and induce G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest,which was time-dependent(P<0.05).RT-PCR showed everolimus could increase PTEN and 4EBP1 expression.Conclusions:mTOR inhibitor everolimus has an inhibitory effect on EGFR-TKI resistant NSCLC,which cannot reverse the resistance effect of EGFR-TKI resistant cell line A549.The relationship between EGFR/AKT signaling pathway and the mTOR signaling pathway and the mechanism in non-small cell lung cancer need further study.展开更多
Objective:To explore effect of srGAP3 promotes neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons.Methods:In this study,expression of Slit1 was observed predominantly in the glia.while expression of Robo2 and srCAP3 wa...Objective:To explore effect of srGAP3 promotes neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons.Methods:In this study,expression of Slit1 was observed predominantly in the glia.while expression of Robo2 and srCAP3 was detected in sensory neurons of postnatal rat cultured dorsal root ganglion(DRG).Furthermore,upregulation of srGAP3 following sciatic nerve transection was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results:It was observed that inhibition of nenrite outgrowth in cultured adult DRG neurons following treatment with anti-srGAP3 or anti-Robo2 was more effectively(1.5-fold higher) than that following treatment with an anti-BDNF positive control antibody.It demonstrated that srGAP3 interacted with Robo2 and Slit1 protein to decrease Rac1-CTP activity in cultured adult rat DRG neurons and the opposite effect on Rac1-GTP activity was detected by co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting analyses following treatment with anti-Robo2 or anti-srGAP3.These data demonstrated a role for srGAP3 in nenrite outgrowth ol DRG sensory neurons.Conclusions:Our observations suggest that srGAP3 promotes neurile outgrowth and filopodial growth cones by interacting with Robo2 to inactivate Rac1 in mammalian DRG neurons.展开更多
Objective:To explore the expressions of c-fos and c-myc in skin lesion of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(CSCC).Methods:Using retrospective analysis.73 cases of CSCC were selected from Department of Dermatology,the ...Objective:To explore the expressions of c-fos and c-myc in skin lesion of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(CSCC).Methods:Using retrospective analysis.73 cases of CSCC were selected from Department of Dermatology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.which were removed between January 2000 and January 2012.It was considered as experimental group.Meanwhile.11 cases of normal skin specimens of non tumor patients were selected as control group.The expression level of c-fos and c-myc was compared in the two groups.Results:The expressions of c-fos[72.60%(53/73)]and c-myc[83.56%(61/73)]in experimental group were statistically significant(P≤0.05)compared with control group(0%).Expression of c-myc protein was negatively related to differentiation of CSCC.The difference was statistically significant(X^2=7.26.P=0.001<0.05).While expression of c-fos protein was positively related to differentiation of CSCC.which was statistically significant(X^2=7.47,P=0.0012<0.025).Conclusions:The expression level of c-fos and c-myc can be used as an importan indicator of CSCC differentiation,and it has closely connection with the differentiated degree,which can guide clinical prognosis.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of sustained-release recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) on ectopic osteogenesis in the muscle pouches of rats through preparing rhBMP-2 sustained-release capsules b...Objective:To explore the effect of sustained-release recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) on ectopic osteogenesis in the muscle pouches of rats through preparing rhBMP-2 sustained-release capsules by wrapping morphogenesis protein bones-2(BMP-2)using chitosan nanoparticles,and compositing collagen materials.Methods:Twenty four SpragueDawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with six rats in each group,that is Group A(control group),Group B(only treated with collagen),Group C(rhBMP-2+collagen treated group) and Group D(rhBMP-2/cs+collagen treated group).The composite materials for each group were implanted in the bilateral peroneal muscle pouches in rats.The peroneal muscles were only separated without implanting any materials in control group.Rats were sacrificed 2 weeks and 4 weeks post treatment and samples were cut off for general observation,Micro CT scans and histological observation.Results:General observation showed no new bone formation in Groups A and B mice,while new bones were formed in Groups C and D mice.Two weeks after treatment Micro CT scans showed that The bone volume fraction(BVF),trabecular thickness(Tb. Th),bone mineral density(BMD) in Group C mice were all higher than that in Group D(P<0.05). At the fourth week,the BVK,Tb.Th and BMD were significantly higher than that at the second week(P<0.01).Conclusions:The slow-release effect of rhBMP-2/cs sustained-release capsules can significantly promote ectopic osteogenesis.Its bone formation effect is better than that of rhBMP-2 burst-release group.展开更多
文摘The use of insecticides remain the most effective vector control approach for mosquito borne diseases like malaria,dengue fever,chikungunya,and Zika virus disease;however,their increasing resistance has complicated the management.Mutations in kdr,ace-1/ace-2,rdl,and nAChR,are involved in target-site mediated resistance and prevent the binding of pyrethroids and dichlorodiph enyltrichloroethane,organophosphorus pesticide,carbamates and cyclodienes,respectively.Here,we review the current knowledge on target-site mediated insecticidal resistance mechanisms in major mosquito vectors and the techniques used to identify these mutations.The results showed that kdr mutations are frequently reported in mosquito species,indicating the overuse of pyrethroid in mosquito control.Report on ace mutations is very limited,primarily detected in Anopheles and Culex,with extremely low detection rate in Aedes,despite the wide application of organophosphates in their control.Notably,reports of rdl mutations and changes in nAChR are rare,which provides an opportunity to exploit these target sites,particularly in the event of disease outbreaks.Among various detection methods such as RFLP,TaqMan,Multiplex PCR and FRET,allele-specific PCR is mostly employed,especially in detecting kdr mutation.However,allele-specific PCR cannot detect novel mutation.As a result,there is an urgent need to develop a scalable,cost-effective tool that can be widely applied especially as these mutations are genetic markers for early detection of insecticide resistance.Robust monitoring methods remain critical to manage insecticide resistance and effective control of mosquito-borne diseases.
文摘Rationale:Aeromonas hydrophila,a bacterium commonly found in a variety of soils,aquatic habitats,and other natural environments,is known for causing infections and hemorrhagic diseases in both aquatic and terrestrial animals.Patients with leukemia,when infected by Aeromonas hydrophila following chemotherapy,face an increased risk of developing necrotizing fasciitis.Patient concerns:A 48-year-old male with a history of acute myeloid leukemia presented with swelling and pain in his right hand after being stabbed by a grass carp two days ago.The injury occurred on the fifth day after his last chemotherapy session when he was accidentally punctured in the right thumb and ring finger by a carp while fishing.Two days following the injury,the skin isurrounding the wound turned black immediately,while the rest of his hand was reddened,swollen,and bleeding.Diagnosis:Aeromonas hydrophila infection in the soft tissue of the right hand.Interventions:Intravenous antibiotics and local debridement.Outcomes:The patient experienced an alleviation of systemic poisoning symptoms,effective control of the local wound infection.Lessons:It is important for physicians to appreciate the potential for highly unusual and life-threatening infections in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can prevent the development of necrotizing fasciitis and save patients’lives.
文摘Objective:To assess healthcare workers’knowledge of novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in the early phase of the outbreak in Indonesia.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 12 hospitals in Indonesia from March 6 to March 25,2020.Healthcare workers’knowledge on COVID-19 was assessed,and demographic data,workplace characteristics,and medical professional characteristics as well as the current local situation of COVID-19 were collected.To characterize determinants associated with knowledge,a logistic regression analysis was employed.Results:Out of 288 healthcare workers who completed the interview-assisted questionnaire,149(51.7%)respondents had a good knowledge.Nurses and other types of healthcare workers had lower odds of having good knowledge compared to doctors:adjusted odds ratio(aO R):0.38;95%CI:0.20-0.72 and aO R:0.31;95%CI:0.13-0.73,respectively.Compared to healthcare workers who had medical practice experience less than 5 years,those who had worked for more than 10 years had lower knowledge(a OR:0.43;95%CI:0.20-0.90).Healthcare workers who worked in the infection department had higher knowledge compared to those in the emergency room(aO R:14.33;95%CI:3.67-55.88).Conclusions:The knowledge of COVID-19 among surveyed healthcare workers was relatively low.The COVID-19 response in Indonesia will require further education and enhancement of the capacity of healthcare workers in the emergency room where COVID-19 patients may be treated the earliest.
文摘The global epidemic of diabetes and tuberculosis poses challenges to the control of both diseases.Patients with tuberculosis and diabetes experience worse clinical manifestations,increased risk of treatment failure,recurrence,and death.Diabetes is also associated with risk for latent tuberculosis infection.Management of hyperglycemia reduces the risk and improves the outcome of tuberculosis in diabetic patients.Recent epidemiological studies from Taiwan have provided new and important information on the benefits of metformin in tuberculosis.When addressing the issue of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis,a shortened anti-tuberculous therapeutic regime seems a feasible approach for better cure rates,with less loss-to-follow.
文摘Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine(APJTM)is an international journal of tropical medicine that is edited by International Federation of Tropical Medicine(IFTM)and published by Elsevier.It is the only journal of tropical medicine included by SCI,Medline in China.It indicates APJTM has become one of the top international journals.
基金funded by the Universiti Sains Malaysia Short Term Grant(304/PPSP/6313322)
文摘Objective: To identify the phytochemical compounds from Annona muricata(A. muricata) and to determine their in vitro anti-proliferative activities against breast cancer cells, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. Methods: A. muricata leaves were successively extracted by soxhlet method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, and decocted with water. Each extract was analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GCMS) and characterized with Wiley and NIST library searches. Anti-proliferative activity of each extract was evaluated on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using MTT assay. Results: The GCMS analysis of different solvent extracts of A. muricata leaves showed presence of different chemical groups of compounds such as steroids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, sugars, sugars alcohol and others including vitamin E. Ethyl acetate leaves extract exhibited the lowest IC_(50) value on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell and n-hexane leaves extract showed the the lowest IC_(50) value on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell. Conclusion: Steroids and phenolic compounds were the main phytocompound groups identified from all A. muricata leaves extracts. The antiproliferative activity of n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract towards breast cancer MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 respectively might be due to the presence of biologically active compounds in the extracts, hence, providing some scientific evidences of the effectiveness of its traditional usages.
基金partly supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81470856,81772923,31470263 and 81360001)
文摘Objective: To determine the frequency of anti-HCV antibody positivity in patients with nonliver disease complaints, to explore whether anti-HCV positive patients had been properly advised and visited hepatologists for further assessments, and to investigate their clinical characteristics as well as the HCV treatment status.Methods: A hospital based survey of nonliver disease patients with anti-HCV positive and their attending physicians was conducted to determine: 1.were the patients adequately advised of the implication of anti-HCV positive finding; 2.to what extent the patients were aware of potential chronic liver disease associated with HCV infection and whether they sought for further assessments and care of hepatologists.Results: A total of 295 294 non-liver disease patients were tested for anti-HCV antibody, and 2 778 of them were found to be positive(0.94%).However, only 45.10%(1 253/2 778) of the anti-HCV antibody(+) patients were referred to hepatologists and received HCV RNA test.In addition, 34.10%(312/915) and 1.42%(13/915) of them had already advanced to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), respectively.Further analysis showed that the patients who declined antiviral therapy were older, with lower education and lower income, possessed poorer knowledge on the risk of chronic hepatitis C, and had more severe liver diseases.Surprisingly, 65% of the surveyed physicians did not know the genotype-guided treatment duration suggested by the guidelines.Alarmingly, 22% of the surveyed physicians did not know the standard assays for the diagnosis of HCV infection.Conclusions: Our findings highlight the challenge and hidden enormous burden of chronic HCV infection among patients with non-liver disease complaints in China.
基金supported,in part,by grants from National Science and Technology Major Project---national major new drug creation (No. 2015GKS-462)National Natural Science Foundation of key projects (No. 81430055)+2 种基金National "Chang Jiang Scholars and Innovative Team Development Program" Innovation Team Rolling Support Project (No. IRT_15R13)Guangxi Science Research and Technology Development Project (No.Gui Ke He 1599005-2-10)Inter-provincial cooperation projects (No.Gui Ke He 14251001)
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of preoperative portal venous injection of donor spleen cells(PVIDSC) and intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin in the acute rejection of cardiac allograft in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Methods:Homogenous female B6 mice and BALB/c mice were used as recipients and donors of heart transplantation. These mice were randomly divided into different groups and received PVIDSC alone,rapamycin alone,or PVIDSC and rapamycin combined therapy. In addition,the underlying mechanism was studied by measuring a number of cytokines. Results:Preoperative combination of PVIDSC and intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin significantly prolonged the survival of heterotopic cardiac allograft in mice,but had no effects on the survival time of cardiac allografts in mice pre-sensitized by skin grafting. Preoperative combination of PVIDSC and intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin increased the expression of IL-10 and Foxp3 and reduced the expression of INF-γ. Short-term preoperative administration of rapamycin promotes the expression of CD4^+CD25^+Foxp3^+ regulator T cells. However,preoperative using alone of rapamycin,or combination of PVIDSC and rapamycin had no effects on the inhibition of proliferation of memory T cells. Conclusions:Preoperative application of combination of PVIDSC and rapamycin significantly prolonged the survival time of cardiac allografts in mice but not in mice pre-sensitized by skin grafting. This may be explained by the fact that combination of PVIDSC and rapamycin inhibited the cellular immune response and induced the expression of IL-10 from Tr1 cells and CD4^+CD25^+FoxP3^+ regulatory T cells.
基金supported by funding from the Konkuk University Brain Pool
文摘Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perilla frutescens(P. frutescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the essential oil from the leaves of P. frutescens cultivars from China and Japan was extracted by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition and concentration of the volatile components present in the oils were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis. Results: Among the volatile components, the major proportion was of perilla ketone, which was followed by elemicin and beta-caryophyllene in the Chinese Perilla cultivars. The main component in the oil extracted from the Japanese accessions was myristicin, which was followed by perilla ketone and beta-caryophyllene. We could distinguish seven chemotypes, namely the perilla ketone(PK) type, perilla ketone, myristicin(PM) type, perilla ketone, unknown(PU) type, perilla ketone, beta-caryophyllene, myristicine(PB) type, perilla ketone, myristicin, unknown(PMU) type, perilla ketone, elemicine, myristicin, beta-caryophyllene(PEMB) type, and the perilla ketone, limonene, betacryophyllene, myristicin(L) type. Most of the accessions possessed higher essential oil content before the flowering time than at the flowering stage. The average plant height, leaf length, leaf width of the Chinese accessions was higher than those of the Japanese accessions. Conclusion:The results revealed that the harvest time and geographical origin caused polymorphisms in the essential oil composition and morphological traits in the Perilla accessions originating from China and Japan. Therefore, these chemotypes with desirable characters might be useful for industrial exploitation and for determining the harvest time.
文摘Objective: To explore the presence of Zika virus(ZIKV) in Bangladesh and to understand the associated risk factors.Methods: A retrospective sero-surveillance was performed on stored serum samples of dengue surveillance conducted from 2013 to 2016. Real time RT-PCR was performed on randomly selected acute serum samples to detect the Zika virus nucleic acid.Results: Of 200 samples screened, one was found positive for ZIKV by real time RTPCR and further confirmed by genome sequencing. The case was a 65 years old male from a metropolitan city of Bangladesh who had no history of travel outside Bangladesh.Phylogenetic analysis of partial E gene sequences from Bangladeshi isolates demonstrated a close relationship with ZIKV from Brazil and current South American strains clustering within a monophyletic clade distinct from African lineage.Conclusions: Presence of ZIKV raises serious public health concerns in Bangladesh owing to its association with congenital anomalies/neurological-manifestations. We,therefore, recommend every suspected viral fever patient, particularly pregnant women be screened for ZIKV infection to rule out yet another emerging infection in Bangladesh.
文摘Aims&ScopeAsian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine(APJTM),aims to set up and provide an academic communicating platform for international physicians,medical scientists,allied health scientists and public health workers,especially those of the Asia-
文摘Objective: To determine the exposure of wild brown hares [Lepus europaeus(L. europaeus), pallas] to Anaplasma phagocytophilum(A. phagocytophilum), Borrelia burgdorferi(B. burgdorferi) sensu lato, Encephalitozoon cuniculi(E. cuniculi), Leishmania sp., Neospora caninum(N. caninum) and Toxoplasma gondii(T. gondii). Methods: Two hundred twentytwo blood serum samples of wild brown hares captured in protected areas of the province of Pisa(Central Italy) were tested to detect antibodies against the reported pathogens. Results: Thirty one(14.0%) animals resulted positive for at least one tested agent, with antibody titres ranging from 1:20 to 1:320. In particular, 13(5.8%) samples were positive to B. burgdorferis.l., 11(4.9%) to N. caninum, 3(1.3%) to T. gondii, 2(0.9%) to A. phagocytophilum and 2(0.9%) to Leishmania sp. No samples scored positive to E. cuniculi. Four animals(14.8%) resulted coinfected with 2 different pathogens. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that B. burgdorferi s.l. N. caninum, T. gondii, A. phagocytophilum and Leishmania sp circulate in wild brown hares in Central Italy, suggesting a possible role of L. europaeus as reservoir of these pathogens. The obtained results showed that autochthonous wild brown hares living in Central Italy have been exposed to several pathogens circulating in this area, suggesting a possible role of L. europaeus as reservoir.
基金in part supported by the Forestry Bureau of the Republic of China(Taiwan)(NO.99-06-5-02)
文摘Objective: To investigate suitable condition for extraction of the active components from Ajuga nipponensis(A. nipponensis). Methods: Orthogonal experimental design was used to determine the optimal extraction parameters for ecdysterones and flavonoids. Finally, the hepatoprotective abilities of A. nipponensis extracts were evaluated by CCl_4-induced animal models. Results:Maximum yields of flavonoids(7.87±0.10) mg/g and ecdysterones(0.73±0.02) mg/g could be obtained when the extraction time was 50 min, the extraction temperature was 60 ℃, and the ratio of sample to 70%(v/v) ethanol was 1:20(w/w). The antioxidant property of A. nipponensis was correlated to the concentration of its extracts. At 5 mg/m L, A. nipponensisextract scavenged 84.8% of DPPH radical and had absorbance values of 2.43±0.04 reducing power. Upon CCl_4-induced liver injury, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase decreased significantly after the mice were treated with A. nipponensis. Histological researches also explained that A. nipponensis reduced the extent of liver lesions induced by CCl_4. Conclusions: A. nipponensis exhibited potent antioxidant activity in chemical experimental models and hepatoprotective effect against CCl_4-induced liver damage.
文摘Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine(APJTM)is an international journal of tropical medicine that is edited by International Federation of Tropical Medicine(IFTM)and published by Elsevier.It is the only journal of tropical medicine included by SCI,Medline in China.It indicates APJTM has become one of the top international journals.
基金supported by Project Development Plan of Yantai city Science and Technology(No.2013WS229)
文摘Objective:To study the relevance of EGFR gene mutation with pathological features and prognosis in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma.Methods:A total of 297 patients from July 2009 to May 2013 were chosen as objects.EGFR gene mutation were detected with fluorescence quantitative PCR.Relevance of EGFR gene mutation with clinical and pathological features was analyzed,and the prognosis of EGFR- mutant-patients and that of EGFR- wide type-patients was compared.Results:In 297 patients.136(45.79%) showed EGFR gene mutation.EGFR gene mutation had no significant relevance with age.gender,smoking history,family history of cancer and clinical stage(P>0.05);there was significant relevance between EGFR gene mutation and blood type,pathologic types,differentiation and diameter of cancer(P<0.05).The difference between prognosis of EGFR- mutant-patients and that of EGFR- wide type-patients was statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusions:EGFR gene mutation has significant relevance with pathological features,the prognosis of EGFRmutant-paticnts is better than that of EGFR- wide type-patients.
文摘Objective:To do mapping and modeling of conformational B cell epitope regions of highly conserved and protective regions of three merozoitecandidate vaccine proteins of Plasmodium vivax(P.vivax),ie.merozoite purface protein-1(PvMSP-1),apical membrane antigen-1 domainⅡ(PvAMA1-DⅡ)and regionⅡof the Duffy binding protein(PvDBPⅡ).and to analyze the immunogenie properties of these predicted epitopes.Methods:3-D structures of amino acid haplotypes from Sri Lanka(available in GeneBank)of PvMSP-1_(19)(n=27),PvAMA1-DⅡ(n=21)and PvDBPⅡ(n=33)were modeled.SEPPA,selected as the best online server was used for conformational epitope predictions,while prediction and moodeling of protein structuve and properties related to immunogenicity was carried out with Geno3D server.SCRATCH Protein Server,NetSurfP Server and standaloneroftware,Genious 5.4.4.Results:SEPPA revealed that regions of predicted conformational epitopes formed 4 clusters in PvMSP-I_(19),and 3 clusters each in PvAMA1-DⅡand PvDBPⅡ,all of which displayed a high degree of hydrophilicity,contained solveut exposed residues,displayed high probability of antigenicity and showed positive antigenic propensity values,that indicated high degree of immunogenicity.Conclusions:Findings of this study revealed and confirmed that different parts of the sequences of each of the conserved regions of the three selected potential vaccine candidate antigens of P.vivax are important with regard to conformational epitope prediction that warrants further laboratory experimental invertigations in in vivo animal models.
基金supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Society Development in Yunan Province(2010CA015)
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of inhibitor everolimus on EGFR-TKI resistance NSCLC.Methods:MTT assay was used to detect proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549.Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of apoptosis and cycle distribution in each group after 24 h and 48 h.RT-PCR was used to detect the changes of PTEN and 4EBP1 expression levels after 48 h of monotherapy and combination therapy.Results:MTT assay showed that everolimus had dose-dependent inhibition against growth of A549 cells.Flow cytometry showed when everolimus could induce apoptosis and induce G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest,which was time-dependent(P<0.05).RT-PCR showed everolimus could increase PTEN and 4EBP1 expression.Conclusions:mTOR inhibitor everolimus has an inhibitory effect on EGFR-TKI resistant NSCLC,which cannot reverse the resistance effect of EGFR-TKI resistant cell line A549.The relationship between EGFR/AKT signaling pathway and the mTOR signaling pathway and the mechanism in non-small cell lung cancer need further study.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81160158)H0911)Hainan Provincial Science and Technology Bureau
文摘Objective:To explore effect of srGAP3 promotes neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons.Methods:In this study,expression of Slit1 was observed predominantly in the glia.while expression of Robo2 and srCAP3 was detected in sensory neurons of postnatal rat cultured dorsal root ganglion(DRG).Furthermore,upregulation of srGAP3 following sciatic nerve transection was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results:It was observed that inhibition of nenrite outgrowth in cultured adult DRG neurons following treatment with anti-srGAP3 or anti-Robo2 was more effectively(1.5-fold higher) than that following treatment with an anti-BDNF positive control antibody.It demonstrated that srGAP3 interacted with Robo2 and Slit1 protein to decrease Rac1-CTP activity in cultured adult rat DRG neurons and the opposite effect on Rac1-GTP activity was detected by co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting analyses following treatment with anti-Robo2 or anti-srGAP3.These data demonstrated a role for srGAP3 in nenrite outgrowth ol DRG sensory neurons.Conclusions:Our observations suggest that srGAP3 promotes neurile outgrowth and filopodial growth cones by interacting with Robo2 to inactivate Rac1 in mammalian DRG neurons.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2018722)
文摘Objective:To explore the expressions of c-fos and c-myc in skin lesion of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(CSCC).Methods:Using retrospective analysis.73 cases of CSCC were selected from Department of Dermatology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.which were removed between January 2000 and January 2012.It was considered as experimental group.Meanwhile.11 cases of normal skin specimens of non tumor patients were selected as control group.The expression level of c-fos and c-myc was compared in the two groups.Results:The expressions of c-fos[72.60%(53/73)]and c-myc[83.56%(61/73)]in experimental group were statistically significant(P≤0.05)compared with control group(0%).Expression of c-myc protein was negatively related to differentiation of CSCC.The difference was statistically significant(X^2=7.26.P=0.001<0.05).While expression of c-fos protein was positively related to differentiation of CSCC.which was statistically significant(X^2=7.47,P=0.0012<0.025).Conclusions:The expression level of c-fos and c-myc can be used as an importan indicator of CSCC differentiation,and it has closely connection with the differentiated degree,which can guide clinical prognosis.
基金supported by Guangdong Province Science and Technology Foundation,Guangdong,China(No:2011B080701053)
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of sustained-release recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) on ectopic osteogenesis in the muscle pouches of rats through preparing rhBMP-2 sustained-release capsules by wrapping morphogenesis protein bones-2(BMP-2)using chitosan nanoparticles,and compositing collagen materials.Methods:Twenty four SpragueDawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with six rats in each group,that is Group A(control group),Group B(only treated with collagen),Group C(rhBMP-2+collagen treated group) and Group D(rhBMP-2/cs+collagen treated group).The composite materials for each group were implanted in the bilateral peroneal muscle pouches in rats.The peroneal muscles were only separated without implanting any materials in control group.Rats were sacrificed 2 weeks and 4 weeks post treatment and samples were cut off for general observation,Micro CT scans and histological observation.Results:General observation showed no new bone formation in Groups A and B mice,while new bones were formed in Groups C and D mice.Two weeks after treatment Micro CT scans showed that The bone volume fraction(BVF),trabecular thickness(Tb. Th),bone mineral density(BMD) in Group C mice were all higher than that in Group D(P<0.05). At the fourth week,the BVK,Tb.Th and BMD were significantly higher than that at the second week(P<0.01).Conclusions:The slow-release effect of rhBMP-2/cs sustained-release capsules can significantly promote ectopic osteogenesis.Its bone formation effect is better than that of rhBMP-2 burst-release group.
