Introduction: Cervical cancer is preventable through vaccination against papillomaviruses and screening for precancerous lesions. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of screening practice and to...Introduction: Cervical cancer is preventable through vaccination against papillomaviruses and screening for precancerous lesions. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of screening practice and to identify associated factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study. Data were collected from individual interviews during household surveys. Data collection took place from (1st</sup>) to (30th</sup>) September (2021). The following were explored: socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and practices of women regarding screening. Results: A total of (294) women aged between (18) and (69) years were included. The mean age was (35.79) years (±9.81). The median age was (34) years. The frequency of screening was (16%);that of precancerous lesions was (4.26%). Factors statistically and significantly associated with screening uptake were cervical cancer information (OR = 5.42 (1.27 - 23.16);p = 0.003), knowledge of the availability of screening (ORa = 7.73 (3.01 - 18.51);p - 7.31);p = 0.014). Conclusion: Frequency of pre-cancerous lesions of cervical cancer is high in Koumpentoum health district (4.26%), while the practice of screening is low there (16%). The factors associated with this low performance are related to a lack of adequate knowledge of women about cervical cancer.展开更多
Infertility is one of the difficult complicated diseases. Many couples suffer from it. The pathogenesis is very complicated. The imbalance or lesson of any link of the reproductive system can cause infertility. This p...Infertility is one of the difficult complicated diseases. Many couples suffer from it. The pathogenesis is very complicated. The imbalance or lesson of any link of the reproductive system can cause infertility. This paper summarizes the treatment of female infertility by integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine (WM) which can not only improve the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate, but also decrease the complications. The effects are better than that by TCM or WM only. Therefore, the coupling method is worth to be used widely in clinical practice.展开更多
Background: Vulva haematoma is an uncommon complication of childbirth that can cause maternal death if not properly managed. We present a case of large vulva haematoma managed conservatively with good outcome in UNTH ...Background: Vulva haematoma is an uncommon complication of childbirth that can cause maternal death if not properly managed. We present a case of large vulva haematoma managed conservatively with good outcome in UNTH Enugu. Clinical Presentation: This was a case of an unbooked 24 years old primiparous woman referred from a private hospital to UNTH, Enugu on account of left-sided vulva swelling of four hours duration following a spontaneous vaginal delivery of a live male baby that weighed 3.6 kilogrammes. She was given episiotomy which was repaired. Vaginal examination showed a swelling involving left labia majora and minora and extending to the perineal region and vagina. It measured 12 cm × 10 cm, firm and mildly tender. She was resuscitated with intravenous fluid, transfused with two units of blood and commenced on antibiotic and analgesic. The vulva haematoma was monitored and it remained the same size for two days, and then progressively regressed. She was discharged home on the 9th day. Conclusion: Conservative management of large vulva haematoma involving good counseling, correction of anaemia, institution of antibiotics, analgesic and close monitoring leads to effective resolution, reduced cost, scarring, pain and dyspareunia.展开更多
Locoweed is a poisonous plant that severely harms the development of grass-land and animal husbandry throughout the world. Oxytropis and Astragalus are the Latin names for the poisonous plants commonly known as locowe...Locoweed is a poisonous plant that severely harms the development of grass-land and animal husbandry throughout the world. Oxytropis and Astragalus are the Latin names for the poisonous plants commonly known as locoweed. The main toxic substance in these plants is swainsonine. It is a strong inhibitor of lysosomal α-mannosidase I and Golgi body α-mannosidase II, resulting in the accumulation of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins in lysosomes, interfering with the molecular and cellular recognition of glycans, and causing tissue-cell vacuolar degeneration. Livestock shows a series of clinical and pathological symptoms, mainly for the decline of reproductive performance. The effects in dams are abortion, weak fetus, and fetal malformations. The key step in maintaining pregnancy in dams is early endometrial decidualization, because reproductive hormones, decidual cell apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and other immune factors are negatively affected by swainsonine. This article addresses the modifications that occur through glycan processing and glycosylation resulting in the change of post-translational modification of the protein and the activity of the glycoprotein, and then direct and indirect mechanisms of ER stress, apoptosis, reproductive hormones, immune factors, and cell cycle and other pathways. Our aim is to find new methods of prevention and treatment of swainsonine poisoning in grassland animals.展开更多
Introduction: Inappropriate and excess vitamin supplementation, particularly for vitamin A, is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in developed countries. On the other hand, blind supplementation of vit...Introduction: Inappropriate and excess vitamin supplementation, particularly for vitamin A, is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in developed countries. On the other hand, blind supplementation of vitamin A, for children in developing countries is a subject of controversy in the literature. The crucial role of vitamin A in the process of spermatogenesis in adult rodents is well established, but only a few publications are consecrated to the long-term effect of vitamin A intake at a young age on testicular development and differentiation. Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of acute supplementation at an early age, in the post-natal period, on spermatogenesis and testicular trophicity at adult age. Material and Methods: Young Wistar Albinos rats of 22 days received an acute high dose of supplementation of vitamin A (retinyl palmitate). The control group, group 1, received only extra virgin olive oil, Group 2 a dose of 7000 IU/kg of retinyl palmitate, group 3, 14,000 IU/kg, and Group 4 a dose of 28,000 IU/kg. At 10 weeks of age, the testes’ testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. For histological assessment, sections were stained with Hematoxylin eosin, and the Johnsen score was used to evaluate spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. Results: The average testicular weights of rats were significantly lower in group 4 (p < 0.05), and so was the testosterone level in the testis compared to the control group (p .01). Most of the seminiferous tubules were concerned by an arrest of spermatogenesis and the Johnsen score was decreased with a mean score of 5.96 ± 1.60 (p .001) in that Group. In Group 3, Johnsen’s score was significantly better than the one obtained with the control. Conclusion: We observed a negative effect in the long term with a high acute dose of supplementation of retinyl palmitate at a young age, on testicular development and differentiation. Despite a return to normal diet after that supplementation, during childhood, impaired spermatogenesis was identified at the adult age with an arrest of spermatogenesis. The reversibility of that lack of differentiation by a return to a normal diet is questionable and would need more investigation.展开更多
Krukenbergtumor is a metastatic ovarian tumor with its primary site being the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis of Krukenberg tumor formation is still in its hypothetical stage though the current understanding ...Krukenbergtumor is a metastatic ovarian tumor with its primary site being the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis of Krukenberg tumor formation is still in its hypothetical stage though the current understanding suggests lymphatic, hematogenous and transcoelomic route as the 3 major route of metastasis. There is a lack of description in the literature related to the pathway of metastasis. Here, we intend to search the available literature and provide a thorough review, which may be helpful to the readers to understand the issue of mechanism of Krukenberg tumor metastasis more clearly.展开更多
Introduction: Caesarean section is the delivery of a foetus through an incision made on the uterus. It is useful in situations where vaginal delivery is not feasible. Women in our setting usually see it as a reproduct...Introduction: Caesarean section is the delivery of a foetus through an incision made on the uterus. It is useful in situations where vaginal delivery is not feasible. Women in our setting usually see it as a reproductive failure and a sign of weakness. Our aim was to evaluate the perception of caesarean section among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a rural missionary hospital. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Mile 4 missionary hospital, Abakaliki among women attending routine antenatal clinic. Information was obtained from respondents with the aid of a questionnaire. Ethical clearance was obtained for the study. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results: A total of 209 pregnant women participated in this study. Their age ranged from 14 to 43 with a mean age of 27 ± 5 years. One hundred and seventy two women (82.3%) have heard of caesarean section in the past. Eighteen (8.6%) have had caesarean section in the past while 5 were not willing to undergo the procedure again. Sixty (28.7%) are not willing to undergo caesarean section even when it is indicated. Conclusion: Despite awareness of caesarean section, women do not appear to have a positive attitude towards the procedure.展开更多
Introduction: The effect of Body Mass Index (BMI), which reflects the woman’s obesity, in IVF treatment cycle, remains unclear. In 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) provided authoritative refinements to the o...Introduction: The effect of Body Mass Index (BMI), which reflects the woman’s obesity, in IVF treatment cycle, remains unclear. In 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) provided authoritative refinements to the over-weight terminology and BMI cutoffs [1]. Objective: To verify the relationship between BMI and ovarian response in IVF treatment cycle. Design: Retrospective study. Materials & Methods: The study includes 2625 IVF treatment cycles performed in our IVF center in the period of 4 years. Patients were divided into five groups using the WHO criteria according to their BMI [2]. Cancellation rate, mean last E2 before hCG administration, mean endometrial thickness, mean duration of stimulation, number of eggs retrieved, fertilization rate, pregnancy and abortion rates were analyzed. The unpaired t-test was used in statistical analysis. Results: There was statistically significant less mean oestradiol level prior to hCG, less endometrial thickness and less number of simulation days as BMI gets higher. In contrast, there was a positive relationship between cancellation rate and higher BMI except with BMI >39 which was not, possibly due to lower number of patients available. But if we look at the cause of cancellation, it was 100% due to insufficient number of follicles obtained for this group (BMI >39). Also, days of stimulation are significantly lower for the same group of patients in comparison with the other groups. Retrieval, fertilization and pregnancy rates were not significant between all groups. Abortion rate gets significantly higher as BMI increased. Conclusion: Overweight affects ovulation, if we consider the cause of cancellation being insufficient number of follicles reflects the poor response. The fertilization and pregnancy rate were not affected once oocytes retrieved. The reduction of weight is an important part of infertility treatment in obese women with regards to the ovarian response and abortion rate in IVF cycle.展开更多
Introduction: It has been documented that mammalian ovaries receive sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory nerve fibers. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of sensory denervation with capsaicin at t...Introduction: It has been documented that mammalian ovaries receive sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory nerve fibers. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of sensory denervation with capsaicin at the first vaginal opening (FVO) on follicular development and the expression of TRPV1 receptors in ovary cells as well as in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and lumbar dorsal spinal cord neurons of guinea pigs. The DRGs and lumbar dorsal spinal cord neurons serve as a nerve connection from the ovaries to the CNS. Materials and Methods: Female guinea pigs received a subcutaneous injection of capsaicin (30 mM) at 10 days of age (P10), while control animals were injected with vehicle. Using light microscopy, we counted healthy preantral follicles (HPF), healthy antral follicles (HAF), atretic preantral follicles (APF), and atretic antral follicles (AAF) in the ovaries at the FVO, and the numbers of TRPV1-positive cells were counted in the ovarian follicles, DRGs, and lumbar dorsal spinal cord (L2-L4) neurons by immunohistochemistry. Results: Guinea pigs treated with capsaicin showed a significant delay of FVO in comparison with the control animals (36 vs. 44 days). In the ovaries, the number of preantral and antral follicles decreased significantly. Additionally, the number of TRPV1-positive thecainterstitial cells of the antral follicles was reduced significantly, and the number of TRPV1-positive neurons in the DRGs and lumbar dorsal spinal cord (L2-L4) decreased. Thus, we showed that TRPV1 receptors throughout the sensory fibers modulate ovarian follicular development and the onset of puberty in guinea pigs. Conclusion: Sensory denervation decreases ovarian follicular development and delays the onset of puberty of guinea pigs. Our data support the idea that through TRPV1 receptors, ovarian afferent fibers sense local stimuli that are sent to the CNS.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Despite increased recognition of the need for sexual and reproductive health and rights in humanitarian settings, evidence focusing on mainstreaming reproductive health service...<strong>Background: </strong>Despite increased recognition of the need for sexual and reproductive health and rights in humanitarian settings, evidence focusing on mainstreaming reproductive health services such as maternal, neonatal mortality, human immunodeficiency virus transmission and unsafe abortion still remains inadequate. The ability to understand the magnitude of the needs and highlight existing gaps is supported by improved data which is critical to informing effective policies, programming and funding decisions. The purpose of this report is to present the results of a research prioritization exercise on sexual and reproductive health and rights services in humanitarian settings for the WHO Africa region for the next three years. <strong>Methods:</strong> We adapted the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative method in three phases. Experts from the region participated in an online survey to identify key areas for research in sexual and reproductive health and rights. To identify potential areas for research, the experts ensured answerability, effectiveness, deliverability, equity and potential impact of the questions. The research areas they identified were reviewed by World Health Organization technical team from headquarters. In a meeting of 67 participants, the questions were subjected to further review and analysis. Using a modified for scoring criteria, the questions were scored and ranked to provide the top ten priority questions to address sexual and reproductive health and rights services in humanitarian settings. <strong>Results: </strong>A list of 21 priority research questions on sexual and reproductive health and rights services in humanitarian settings were scored and ranked. Top ten priorities research questions were identified. Those that scored highly by scoring 30 points out of the possible maximum of 30 include: “determining the prevalence and associated factors of unwanted pregnancies and abortions performed in emergency and humanitarian settings”, “evidence on gender-based violence in humanitarian situations and its associated factors” and “defining an optimal model for coordinating sexual and reproductive health and rights interventions and responses in crisis situations”.<strong> Conclusions:</strong> Top ten research priorities in sexual and reproductive health and rights services in humanitarian settings were identified. The priority research areas have the potential to identify the best areas for programming of services in humanitarian settings. It is our hope that the identified research areas will be prioritized to support programming of services in humanitarian settings based on scientific evidence.展开更多
Objectives: Evaluation of diagnostic performance of rapid testing of cervico-vaginal fluid (CVF) for fetal fibronectin (FFN) and placental α-microglobulin 1 (PAMG-1) as screening of women presented by threatened pret...Objectives: Evaluation of diagnostic performance of rapid testing of cervico-vaginal fluid (CVF) for fetal fibronectin (FFN) and placental α-microglobulin 1 (PAMG-1) as screening of women presented by threatened preterm labor (TPTL) with intact membranes for duration till getting spontaneous labor (SL). Patients & Methods: 37 women presenting with TPTL underwent CVF samplings before digital examination and then underwent transvaginal ultrasonography for estimation of cervical length (CL). All women received fluid and anxiolytic therapy and if uterine contractions persisted, all had received tocolytic therapy with oral nifedipine or intravenous magnesium sulphate according to requirements. Incidence of SL within Results: Incidence of SL was 13.5%, 35.2% and 51.3% within 48-hr, 2 - 7 and 7 - 14 days, respectively. Duration till labor after sampling was positively correlated with CL, while was negatively correlated with positive FFN and PAMG-1 tests. Positive FFN test had high specificity, while positive PAMG-1 test had high sensitivity for labor within 7 days. Regression analysis defined short CL and positive PAMG-1 test as significant predictors for short duration till SL. ROC curve analysis defined short cervix and positive PAMG-1 test as significant predictors for labor within 48-hr and within 2 - 7 days respectively and combined negative PAMG-1 test and CL of 20 - 25 mm were significant predictors for labor within 7 - 14 days. Conclusion: PAMG-1 test had high specificity, if positive, for predicting SL and high NPP, if negative, for excluding labor within 7 days, so it can be used as rapid adjuvant to clinical evaluation to help management decision-making. Moreover, PAMG-1 test is recommended screening test for being easy-to-use bedside test, provides rapid results, can be used after vaginal exam and coitus and does not require a speculum examination or specialized equipment to analyze results.展开更多
<b><span>Background: </span></b><span><span>Adolescent pregnancy is a public health problem of concern in developed, developing and underdeveloped countries. Trends in developing an...<b><span>Background: </span></b><span><span>Adolescent pregnancy is a public health problem of concern in developed, developing and underdeveloped countries. Trends in developing and underdeveloped countries are higher and account for most adverse pregnancy outcomes. Adolescence is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood. The burden of coping with changes with this transition and at the same time preparing for childbirth puts pregnant adolescent girls on edge. Childbirth and childrearing are critical moments that require support and specialized skills to nurture healthy infants. </span><b><span>Aim:</span><span> </span></b><span>This study aims to assess the readiness of adolescent expectant mothers towards childbirth and childrearing in the Komenda/Edina/Eguafo/Abirem (KEEA) district of the central region of Ghana. </span><b><span>Methods: </span></b><span>This study utilized the total population sampling technique to collect data from three sites that offer specialized adolescent antenatal services within the KEEA district of the central region of Ghana. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 and results presented as descriptive statistics. </span><b><span>Results:</span></b><span> This study assessed maternal readiness for childbirth and childrearing among 98 pregnant adolescent girls. The study was dominated by late adolescents who made up 86.7% of study participants. Regarding readiness for childrearing, </span></span><span>the </span><span>majority (74.5%) said they could not independently cater for their children and will require some support. </span><span>The </span><span>majority (52.0%) have had some form of counseling with</span><span> a</span><span> greater number (41.2%) coming from parents. Regarding readiness to embrace childbirth, </span><span>the </span><span>majority (82.4%) of respondents said they had companions who were willing to support them during childbirth. </span><span>The </span><span><span>majority (57.1%) of respondents have </span><span>packed their delivery items although only 13.3% of them knew their expected dates of delivery. About 37.8% of respondents had knowledge </span></span><span>of</span><span><span> the possibility of having blood transfusion during delivery. </span></span><span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Adolescent </span></span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pregnancy is pervasive, and adolescent mothers require optimal support to ensure safe motherhood.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Health promotion activities must be streamlined to meet their specific needs. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Their significant others must actively be involved in their perinatal counseling to enhance compliance with health and wellbeing programs.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> <span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">To assess the diagnostic capacity of bedside capillary lactate (CLact), capillary Haemoglobin ...<strong>Objective:</strong> <span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">To assess the diagnostic capacity of bedside capillary lactate (CLact), capillary Haemoglobin (CHb), and shock index (SI) for severe postpartum haemorrhage (SPPH > 2000 ml) at diagnosis, 15 minutes and 30 minutes later. <b>Method:</b> A cohort study was carried out in a reference hospital in San Luis Potosi, Mexico from February 2020 to March 2021, and included sixty women in vaginal labor or c-section who presented PPH (≥500 ml in labor or ≥1000 ml in c-section) measured by the gravimetric method. CLact, SI, and CHb concentrations were analyzed at diagnosis of PPH, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes. Patients who presented total blood loss of >2000 ml were considered SPPH. A T-test or Wilcox test was performed to compare the groups of non-severe and severe. Sensitivity, specificity, and performance were calculated by A Receiver Operating Curve. <b>Results:</b> A CLact measurement at 30 minutes was significantly different between the non-severe and severe groups (4.0 + 1.9 vs 4.8 + 1.15 P-value 0.001, with an optimal cut point of 4.3 mmol/dl at AUC 0.75, sensitivity 0.85, and specificity of 0.62. With a cut-point of 1.17, an AUC of 0.76, sensitivity of 0.43, and specificity of 0.98, SI at diagnosis was significantly different between the non-severe and severe groups (0.70 + 0.20 vs</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">.</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> 0.90 + 0.38 P-value 0.0228). <b>Conclusion:</b> SI is an early sign of SPPH;CLact can significantly identify SPPH after 30 minutes.</span>展开更多
The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether or not there was a significant relationship between women’s age as a cause of sterility and pregnancy after IUI. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect o...The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether or not there was a significant relationship between women’s age as a cause of sterility and pregnancy after IUI. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of stimulation of antiestrogens and time of hCG administration on the success of IUI in relation to the age of women. During the period between 2008 and 2012, we performed a total number of 793 IUI. Patients were prepared for IUI in the natural cycle and stimulation with antiestrogens (clomiphene citrate-CC). Ovulation was induced by hCG (Ovitrelle) 40 hours before IUI or immediately after the procedure. Sperm was processed through density gradients. The average success rate of IUI was 10.2% of pregnant women per cycle. Significantly the highest number of pregnant women 16.3% was women with a diagnosis of anovulation. Significantly the lowest success rate of IUI was at the immunological cause of infertility and endometriosis. There was no evidence of age dependence for women on the success of IUI. Stimulation of CC did not significantly increase the chance of becoming pregnant. There was also no statistically significant difference in hCG before and after IUI pregnancy success. The most important group of women for whom IUI is a suitable form of assisted reproduction consists of patients of 35 years old with anovulation cause of sterility. Those patients with an immunological cause of infertility and endometriosis have significantly lower chances of conceiving after IUI and it is preferable for them to choose other techniques of assisted reproduction and embryo transfer.展开更多
Background: Induction of labor is the stimulation of the uterus to initiate the labor process whether by administering oxytocin, prostaglandin or reputing the membrane [1]. It was realized that the number of induction...Background: Induction of labor is the stimulation of the uterus to initiate the labor process whether by administering oxytocin, prostaglandin or reputing the membrane [1]. It was realized that the number of induction of labor patients was thought to be increasing in comparison with the spontaneous labor patients. Therefore, the complications of induced labor were higher. A detailed analysis was needed to confirm that. Objective: The aim of the study is to analyze the outcomes between spontaneous versus induced labor. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted at our tertiary care university hospital, in the period from December 2015 to December 2016 when 311 women were divided into two groups: group 1, women who had spontaneous labor (n = 106) compared with group 2, women who were labor induced (n = 205). Complications of pregnancy, delivery type, tear, episiotomy, blood transfusion and instruments used were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The mean ± SD of baseline characteristics, like age, height, weight, BMI and hemoglobin level for all study samples was 28.59 ± 5.95 years, 1.58 ± 0.06 m, 71.77 ± 13.42 kg, 28.59 ± 5.89 kg/m2 and 11.08 ± 1.45 g/dl respectively. A statistically significant difference was noticed in the duration of labor between spontaneous and induced labor (95% CI: 9.194 - 152.130;p-value 0.004 and OR: 0.239). There was no significant difference in complications, delivery type (Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery (SVD) or other), blood transfusion, and instrument used between women who had spontaneous labor versus induced labor. However, significant differences in tear (95% CI: 4.354 - 0.996;p-value 0.035) and episiotomy (95% CI: 0.928 - 0.224;p-value 0.028) were found between the two groups. In conclusion, the induced labor was found to be associated with high incidence of duration of labor, tear and episiotomy. Patients should always be counseled when there it is an option between the two delivery types.展开更多
The main objective of this study was to determine differences in sperm recovered from the three segments of the epididymis, i.e., head, corpus and cauda, using routine measurements of sperm quality and DNA fragmentati...The main objective of this study was to determine differences in sperm recovered from the three segments of the epididymis, i.e., head, corpus and cauda, using routine measurements of sperm quality and DNA fragmentation assessment. There was a larger sperm concentration (P < 0.05) in the head (3.34 × 106 sperm/mL) compared with the corpus and cauda. The percentage of normal morphology was higher in the cauda but had lower motility (P < 0.05). The DNA fragmentation index was higher for sperm obtained from the head and body of the epididymis (P < 0.01) compared with the cauda. The DNA fragmentation index values were 12% higher (P < 0.01) using Wright stain compared with DAPI stain in sperm from the head and corpus of the epididymis, but similar in the cauda. Spermatobioscopy parameters match the maturation changes that occur in the epididymal tract with higher quality sperm being from the cauda, but with a lower concentration compared to sperm found in the head.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the microecology and common infection of the female vagina in border area of Chongzuo City. Methods: Female patients in the outpatient department and inpatient department of gynecology of our...Objective: To investigate the microecology and common infection of the female vagina in border area of Chongzuo City. Methods: Female patients in the outpatient department and inpatient department of gynecology of our hospital from April 1, 2018 to August 23, 2021 were selected as the research objects. The reproductive tract secretions of all patients were examined by microecological examination, morphological examination, chemical analysis and microscopic examination, and the results of various indicators were statistically analyzed to draw relevant conclusions. Results: Among the 1498 women with vaginal micro- ecological imbalances, cleanliness was determined to be 534 cases of degree II, 868 cases of degree III, and 96 cases of degree IV;Nugent scores were 9 - 10 in 9 cases, 8 in 122 cases, 7 in 30 cases, 6 in 18 cases, 5 in 8 cases, 4 in 717 cases, 3 in 248 cases, 2 in 209 cases, 1 in 118 cases, and 0 in 19 cases. AV scores were 8 in 1 case, 7 in 1 case, 6 in 2 cases, 5 in 9 cases, 4 in 84 cases, 3 in 207 cases, 2 in 850 cases, 1 in 284 cases, and 0 in 60 cases. Among the pathogen infections, 99 cases were mycoplasma, 361 cases were candida, 199 cases were bacterial and 8 cases were trichomonas;In chemical analysis, there were 138 cases with pH 5.1, 326 cases with pH 4.8, 775 cases with pH 4.6, 217 cases with pH 4.4, and 42 cases with pH 4.1;meanwhile, 1390 cases were positive for hydrogen peroxide, 505 cases were positive for glucosidase, 487 cases were positive for acetylglucosaminidase, 184 cases were positive for sialidase, 290 cases were positive for proline amino-peptidase, 501 cases were positive for coagulase, and 1064 cases were positive for leukocyte esterase. Conclusion: Female reproductive tract microecology is more complex, and the pathogens of infection are also diverse. A systematic examination can clarify the occurrence and development of the disease, and then provide reliable laboratory data for clinical treatment and guide clinical medication.展开更多
Background: Armed conflict increases the occurrence of adverse obstetrical outcomes especially in low and middle-income countries. However, there is paucity of data on obstetrical outcomes in the South-West and N...Background: Armed conflict increases the occurrence of adverse obstetrical outcomes especially in low and middle-income countries. However, there is paucity of data on obstetrical outcomes in the South-West and North-West Regions of Cameroon since the onset of the socio-political instability. Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate obstetrical outcomes in the Buea and Bamenda Regional Hospitals, Cameroon during the period of socio-political instability. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was carried out at the aforementioned hospitals. Data was collected from case notes of pregnant women before the period of socio-political instability (from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016) and during the period of socio-political instability (from January 1, 2017 to October 31, 2019). The Chi square and Fischer’s exact test were used to compare categorical variables where appropriate and modeled into multivariate analysis. A p-value Results: The mean maternal age was 27.09 (±5.25) years, before and during the conflict. The mean weight of neonates (regardless of gestational age) during the conflict was significantly higher [3.28 (±0.65) kg] compared to that before the conflict [3.21 ± (0.52) kg] (p yrs [OR = 1.97;CI (1.16 - 3.37), p = 0.01], and delivery during the period of socio-political instability [OR = 1.97;CI (1.16 - 3.37)], p = 0.01 and [OR = 1.89;CI (1.53 - 2.33)], p Conclusion: This study identifies increased incidence of adverse maternal outcomes in mothers exposed to socio-political instability.展开更多
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is an antioxidant that plays an important role in the maintenance of male fertility. The aim of this study was to compare the profile of enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase in the...Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is an antioxidant that plays an important role in the maintenance of male fertility. The aim of this study was to compare the profile of enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase in the seminal plasma of normozoosperm and those of pathological sperm. Thus, the activity of glutathione peroxidase was determined in the seminal plasma of 20 normozoosperms, 9 azoosperms and 31 oligoasthenoteratozoosperms. It was 37.58 ± 3.14 U/L in normozoosperms, 39.39 ± 2.27 U/L in oligoasthenoteratozoosperms, and 29.77 ± 2.62 U/L in azoosperms. The mean GPx enzyme activity of normozoosperms did not differ significantly from that of oligoasthenoteratozoosperms and azoosperms. In contrast, comparison of enzyme activity between abnormal sperms gave a significant difference. This study showed that glutathione peroxidase enzymatic activity is not related to sperm quality.展开更多
Obstetric cholestasis (also referred to as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy—ICP) is a pruritic form of reversible cholestasis that is associated with significant fetal risks. There is a paucity of research regar...Obstetric cholestasis (also referred to as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy—ICP) is a pruritic form of reversible cholestasis that is associated with significant fetal risks. There is a paucity of research regarding pregnancy outcomes of the mothers with obstetric cholestasis in the South Asian setting. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of obstetric cholestasis among mothers presenting with pruritus during pregnancy and to describe the characteristics and outcomes for those diagnosed with ICP in comparison with those with pruritus in the absence of ICP. Methods: All mothers presenting with pruritus to De Soyza Maternity hospital in Colombo Sri Lanka, between 1st January 2011 to 1st January 2014, were recruited for the study. A standard set of biochemical tests were used for diagnosis of ICP. An interviewer administered questionnaire and patient records were used for data collection. Presentation, characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were assessed and compared for mothers with ICP against those with pruritus in the absence of ICP. Results: The prevalence of ICP in the study population was found to be 27% (n = 27). Generalized pruritus with pruritus of the palms and soles was identified as the commonest pattern of pruritus for diagnosed with ICP. Delivery before 37 weeks (p = 0.001), meconium stained liquor (p = 0.004), placental abruption (p = 0.005), postpartum hemorrhage (p = 0.005), bleeding manifestation (p = 0.006), preterm labor (p = 0.031) and fetal distress (p = 0.035) were found to be significantly associated with the presence of ICP. Conclusions: Nearly 1/3 of mothers presenting with pruritus in pregnancy in Sri Lanka are affected by ICP which is associated with an increase in a wide range of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes compared to those with pruritus in the absence of ICP.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Cervical cancer is preventable through vaccination against papillomaviruses and screening for precancerous lesions. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of screening practice and to identify associated factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study. Data were collected from individual interviews during household surveys. Data collection took place from (1st</sup>) to (30th</sup>) September (2021). The following were explored: socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and practices of women regarding screening. Results: A total of (294) women aged between (18) and (69) years were included. The mean age was (35.79) years (±9.81). The median age was (34) years. The frequency of screening was (16%);that of precancerous lesions was (4.26%). Factors statistically and significantly associated with screening uptake were cervical cancer information (OR = 5.42 (1.27 - 23.16);p = 0.003), knowledge of the availability of screening (ORa = 7.73 (3.01 - 18.51);p - 7.31);p = 0.014). Conclusion: Frequency of pre-cancerous lesions of cervical cancer is high in Koumpentoum health district (4.26%), while the practice of screening is low there (16%). The factors associated with this low performance are related to a lack of adequate knowledge of women about cervical cancer.
文摘Infertility is one of the difficult complicated diseases. Many couples suffer from it. The pathogenesis is very complicated. The imbalance or lesson of any link of the reproductive system can cause infertility. This paper summarizes the treatment of female infertility by integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine (WM) which can not only improve the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate, but also decrease the complications. The effects are better than that by TCM or WM only. Therefore, the coupling method is worth to be used widely in clinical practice.
文摘Background: Vulva haematoma is an uncommon complication of childbirth that can cause maternal death if not properly managed. We present a case of large vulva haematoma managed conservatively with good outcome in UNTH Enugu. Clinical Presentation: This was a case of an unbooked 24 years old primiparous woman referred from a private hospital to UNTH, Enugu on account of left-sided vulva swelling of four hours duration following a spontaneous vaginal delivery of a live male baby that weighed 3.6 kilogrammes. She was given episiotomy which was repaired. Vaginal examination showed a swelling involving left labia majora and minora and extending to the perineal region and vagina. It measured 12 cm × 10 cm, firm and mildly tender. She was resuscitated with intravenous fluid, transfused with two units of blood and commenced on antibiotic and analgesic. The vulva haematoma was monitored and it remained the same size for two days, and then progressively regressed. She was discharged home on the 9th day. Conclusion: Conservative management of large vulva haematoma involving good counseling, correction of anaemia, institution of antibiotics, analgesic and close monitoring leads to effective resolution, reduced cost, scarring, pain and dyspareunia.
文摘Locoweed is a poisonous plant that severely harms the development of grass-land and animal husbandry throughout the world. Oxytropis and Astragalus are the Latin names for the poisonous plants commonly known as locoweed. The main toxic substance in these plants is swainsonine. It is a strong inhibitor of lysosomal α-mannosidase I and Golgi body α-mannosidase II, resulting in the accumulation of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins in lysosomes, interfering with the molecular and cellular recognition of glycans, and causing tissue-cell vacuolar degeneration. Livestock shows a series of clinical and pathological symptoms, mainly for the decline of reproductive performance. The effects in dams are abortion, weak fetus, and fetal malformations. The key step in maintaining pregnancy in dams is early endometrial decidualization, because reproductive hormones, decidual cell apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and other immune factors are negatively affected by swainsonine. This article addresses the modifications that occur through glycan processing and glycosylation resulting in the change of post-translational modification of the protein and the activity of the glycoprotein, and then direct and indirect mechanisms of ER stress, apoptosis, reproductive hormones, immune factors, and cell cycle and other pathways. Our aim is to find new methods of prevention and treatment of swainsonine poisoning in grassland animals.
文摘Introduction: Inappropriate and excess vitamin supplementation, particularly for vitamin A, is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in developed countries. On the other hand, blind supplementation of vitamin A, for children in developing countries is a subject of controversy in the literature. The crucial role of vitamin A in the process of spermatogenesis in adult rodents is well established, but only a few publications are consecrated to the long-term effect of vitamin A intake at a young age on testicular development and differentiation. Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of acute supplementation at an early age, in the post-natal period, on spermatogenesis and testicular trophicity at adult age. Material and Methods: Young Wistar Albinos rats of 22 days received an acute high dose of supplementation of vitamin A (retinyl palmitate). The control group, group 1, received only extra virgin olive oil, Group 2 a dose of 7000 IU/kg of retinyl palmitate, group 3, 14,000 IU/kg, and Group 4 a dose of 28,000 IU/kg. At 10 weeks of age, the testes’ testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. For histological assessment, sections were stained with Hematoxylin eosin, and the Johnsen score was used to evaluate spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. Results: The average testicular weights of rats were significantly lower in group 4 (p < 0.05), and so was the testosterone level in the testis compared to the control group (p .01). Most of the seminiferous tubules were concerned by an arrest of spermatogenesis and the Johnsen score was decreased with a mean score of 5.96 ± 1.60 (p .001) in that Group. In Group 3, Johnsen’s score was significantly better than the one obtained with the control. Conclusion: We observed a negative effect in the long term with a high acute dose of supplementation of retinyl palmitate at a young age, on testicular development and differentiation. Despite a return to normal diet after that supplementation, during childhood, impaired spermatogenesis was identified at the adult age with an arrest of spermatogenesis. The reversibility of that lack of differentiation by a return to a normal diet is questionable and would need more investigation.
文摘Krukenbergtumor is a metastatic ovarian tumor with its primary site being the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis of Krukenberg tumor formation is still in its hypothetical stage though the current understanding suggests lymphatic, hematogenous and transcoelomic route as the 3 major route of metastasis. There is a lack of description in the literature related to the pathway of metastasis. Here, we intend to search the available literature and provide a thorough review, which may be helpful to the readers to understand the issue of mechanism of Krukenberg tumor metastasis more clearly.
文摘Introduction: Caesarean section is the delivery of a foetus through an incision made on the uterus. It is useful in situations where vaginal delivery is not feasible. Women in our setting usually see it as a reproductive failure and a sign of weakness. Our aim was to evaluate the perception of caesarean section among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a rural missionary hospital. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Mile 4 missionary hospital, Abakaliki among women attending routine antenatal clinic. Information was obtained from respondents with the aid of a questionnaire. Ethical clearance was obtained for the study. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results: A total of 209 pregnant women participated in this study. Their age ranged from 14 to 43 with a mean age of 27 ± 5 years. One hundred and seventy two women (82.3%) have heard of caesarean section in the past. Eighteen (8.6%) have had caesarean section in the past while 5 were not willing to undergo the procedure again. Sixty (28.7%) are not willing to undergo caesarean section even when it is indicated. Conclusion: Despite awareness of caesarean section, women do not appear to have a positive attitude towards the procedure.
文摘Introduction: The effect of Body Mass Index (BMI), which reflects the woman’s obesity, in IVF treatment cycle, remains unclear. In 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) provided authoritative refinements to the over-weight terminology and BMI cutoffs [1]. Objective: To verify the relationship between BMI and ovarian response in IVF treatment cycle. Design: Retrospective study. Materials & Methods: The study includes 2625 IVF treatment cycles performed in our IVF center in the period of 4 years. Patients were divided into five groups using the WHO criteria according to their BMI [2]. Cancellation rate, mean last E2 before hCG administration, mean endometrial thickness, mean duration of stimulation, number of eggs retrieved, fertilization rate, pregnancy and abortion rates were analyzed. The unpaired t-test was used in statistical analysis. Results: There was statistically significant less mean oestradiol level prior to hCG, less endometrial thickness and less number of simulation days as BMI gets higher. In contrast, there was a positive relationship between cancellation rate and higher BMI except with BMI >39 which was not, possibly due to lower number of patients available. But if we look at the cause of cancellation, it was 100% due to insufficient number of follicles obtained for this group (BMI >39). Also, days of stimulation are significantly lower for the same group of patients in comparison with the other groups. Retrieval, fertilization and pregnancy rates were not significant between all groups. Abortion rate gets significantly higher as BMI increased. Conclusion: Overweight affects ovulation, if we consider the cause of cancellation being insufficient number of follicles reflects the poor response. The fertilization and pregnancy rate were not affected once oocytes retrieved. The reduction of weight is an important part of infertility treatment in obese women with regards to the ovarian response and abortion rate in IVF cycle.
文摘Introduction: It has been documented that mammalian ovaries receive sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory nerve fibers. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of sensory denervation with capsaicin at the first vaginal opening (FVO) on follicular development and the expression of TRPV1 receptors in ovary cells as well as in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and lumbar dorsal spinal cord neurons of guinea pigs. The DRGs and lumbar dorsal spinal cord neurons serve as a nerve connection from the ovaries to the CNS. Materials and Methods: Female guinea pigs received a subcutaneous injection of capsaicin (30 mM) at 10 days of age (P10), while control animals were injected with vehicle. Using light microscopy, we counted healthy preantral follicles (HPF), healthy antral follicles (HAF), atretic preantral follicles (APF), and atretic antral follicles (AAF) in the ovaries at the FVO, and the numbers of TRPV1-positive cells were counted in the ovarian follicles, DRGs, and lumbar dorsal spinal cord (L2-L4) neurons by immunohistochemistry. Results: Guinea pigs treated with capsaicin showed a significant delay of FVO in comparison with the control animals (36 vs. 44 days). In the ovaries, the number of preantral and antral follicles decreased significantly. Additionally, the number of TRPV1-positive thecainterstitial cells of the antral follicles was reduced significantly, and the number of TRPV1-positive neurons in the DRGs and lumbar dorsal spinal cord (L2-L4) decreased. Thus, we showed that TRPV1 receptors throughout the sensory fibers modulate ovarian follicular development and the onset of puberty in guinea pigs. Conclusion: Sensory denervation decreases ovarian follicular development and delays the onset of puberty of guinea pigs. Our data support the idea that through TRPV1 receptors, ovarian afferent fibers sense local stimuli that are sent to the CNS.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Despite increased recognition of the need for sexual and reproductive health and rights in humanitarian settings, evidence focusing on mainstreaming reproductive health services such as maternal, neonatal mortality, human immunodeficiency virus transmission and unsafe abortion still remains inadequate. The ability to understand the magnitude of the needs and highlight existing gaps is supported by improved data which is critical to informing effective policies, programming and funding decisions. The purpose of this report is to present the results of a research prioritization exercise on sexual and reproductive health and rights services in humanitarian settings for the WHO Africa region for the next three years. <strong>Methods:</strong> We adapted the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative method in three phases. Experts from the region participated in an online survey to identify key areas for research in sexual and reproductive health and rights. To identify potential areas for research, the experts ensured answerability, effectiveness, deliverability, equity and potential impact of the questions. The research areas they identified were reviewed by World Health Organization technical team from headquarters. In a meeting of 67 participants, the questions were subjected to further review and analysis. Using a modified for scoring criteria, the questions were scored and ranked to provide the top ten priority questions to address sexual and reproductive health and rights services in humanitarian settings. <strong>Results: </strong>A list of 21 priority research questions on sexual and reproductive health and rights services in humanitarian settings were scored and ranked. Top ten priorities research questions were identified. Those that scored highly by scoring 30 points out of the possible maximum of 30 include: “determining the prevalence and associated factors of unwanted pregnancies and abortions performed in emergency and humanitarian settings”, “evidence on gender-based violence in humanitarian situations and its associated factors” and “defining an optimal model for coordinating sexual and reproductive health and rights interventions and responses in crisis situations”.<strong> Conclusions:</strong> Top ten research priorities in sexual and reproductive health and rights services in humanitarian settings were identified. The priority research areas have the potential to identify the best areas for programming of services in humanitarian settings. It is our hope that the identified research areas will be prioritized to support programming of services in humanitarian settings based on scientific evidence.
文摘Objectives: Evaluation of diagnostic performance of rapid testing of cervico-vaginal fluid (CVF) for fetal fibronectin (FFN) and placental α-microglobulin 1 (PAMG-1) as screening of women presented by threatened preterm labor (TPTL) with intact membranes for duration till getting spontaneous labor (SL). Patients & Methods: 37 women presenting with TPTL underwent CVF samplings before digital examination and then underwent transvaginal ultrasonography for estimation of cervical length (CL). All women received fluid and anxiolytic therapy and if uterine contractions persisted, all had received tocolytic therapy with oral nifedipine or intravenous magnesium sulphate according to requirements. Incidence of SL within Results: Incidence of SL was 13.5%, 35.2% and 51.3% within 48-hr, 2 - 7 and 7 - 14 days, respectively. Duration till labor after sampling was positively correlated with CL, while was negatively correlated with positive FFN and PAMG-1 tests. Positive FFN test had high specificity, while positive PAMG-1 test had high sensitivity for labor within 7 days. Regression analysis defined short CL and positive PAMG-1 test as significant predictors for short duration till SL. ROC curve analysis defined short cervix and positive PAMG-1 test as significant predictors for labor within 48-hr and within 2 - 7 days respectively and combined negative PAMG-1 test and CL of 20 - 25 mm were significant predictors for labor within 7 - 14 days. Conclusion: PAMG-1 test had high specificity, if positive, for predicting SL and high NPP, if negative, for excluding labor within 7 days, so it can be used as rapid adjuvant to clinical evaluation to help management decision-making. Moreover, PAMG-1 test is recommended screening test for being easy-to-use bedside test, provides rapid results, can be used after vaginal exam and coitus and does not require a speculum examination or specialized equipment to analyze results.
文摘<b><span>Background: </span></b><span><span>Adolescent pregnancy is a public health problem of concern in developed, developing and underdeveloped countries. Trends in developing and underdeveloped countries are higher and account for most adverse pregnancy outcomes. Adolescence is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood. The burden of coping with changes with this transition and at the same time preparing for childbirth puts pregnant adolescent girls on edge. Childbirth and childrearing are critical moments that require support and specialized skills to nurture healthy infants. </span><b><span>Aim:</span><span> </span></b><span>This study aims to assess the readiness of adolescent expectant mothers towards childbirth and childrearing in the Komenda/Edina/Eguafo/Abirem (KEEA) district of the central region of Ghana. </span><b><span>Methods: </span></b><span>This study utilized the total population sampling technique to collect data from three sites that offer specialized adolescent antenatal services within the KEEA district of the central region of Ghana. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 and results presented as descriptive statistics. </span><b><span>Results:</span></b><span> This study assessed maternal readiness for childbirth and childrearing among 98 pregnant adolescent girls. The study was dominated by late adolescents who made up 86.7% of study participants. Regarding readiness for childrearing, </span></span><span>the </span><span>majority (74.5%) said they could not independently cater for their children and will require some support. </span><span>The </span><span>majority (52.0%) have had some form of counseling with</span><span> a</span><span> greater number (41.2%) coming from parents. Regarding readiness to embrace childbirth, </span><span>the </span><span>majority (82.4%) of respondents said they had companions who were willing to support them during childbirth. </span><span>The </span><span><span>majority (57.1%) of respondents have </span><span>packed their delivery items although only 13.3% of them knew their expected dates of delivery. About 37.8% of respondents had knowledge </span></span><span>of</span><span><span> the possibility of having blood transfusion during delivery. </span></span><span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Adolescent </span></span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pregnancy is pervasive, and adolescent mothers require optimal support to ensure safe motherhood.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Health promotion activities must be streamlined to meet their specific needs. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Their significant others must actively be involved in their perinatal counseling to enhance compliance with health and wellbeing programs.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> <span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">To assess the diagnostic capacity of bedside capillary lactate (CLact), capillary Haemoglobin (CHb), and shock index (SI) for severe postpartum haemorrhage (SPPH > 2000 ml) at diagnosis, 15 minutes and 30 minutes later. <b>Method:</b> A cohort study was carried out in a reference hospital in San Luis Potosi, Mexico from February 2020 to March 2021, and included sixty women in vaginal labor or c-section who presented PPH (≥500 ml in labor or ≥1000 ml in c-section) measured by the gravimetric method. CLact, SI, and CHb concentrations were analyzed at diagnosis of PPH, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes. Patients who presented total blood loss of >2000 ml were considered SPPH. A T-test or Wilcox test was performed to compare the groups of non-severe and severe. Sensitivity, specificity, and performance were calculated by A Receiver Operating Curve. <b>Results:</b> A CLact measurement at 30 minutes was significantly different between the non-severe and severe groups (4.0 + 1.9 vs 4.8 + 1.15 P-value 0.001, with an optimal cut point of 4.3 mmol/dl at AUC 0.75, sensitivity 0.85, and specificity of 0.62. With a cut-point of 1.17, an AUC of 0.76, sensitivity of 0.43, and specificity of 0.98, SI at diagnosis was significantly different between the non-severe and severe groups (0.70 + 0.20 vs</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">.</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> 0.90 + 0.38 P-value 0.0228). <b>Conclusion:</b> SI is an early sign of SPPH;CLact can significantly identify SPPH after 30 minutes.</span>
文摘The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether or not there was a significant relationship between women’s age as a cause of sterility and pregnancy after IUI. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of stimulation of antiestrogens and time of hCG administration on the success of IUI in relation to the age of women. During the period between 2008 and 2012, we performed a total number of 793 IUI. Patients were prepared for IUI in the natural cycle and stimulation with antiestrogens (clomiphene citrate-CC). Ovulation was induced by hCG (Ovitrelle) 40 hours before IUI or immediately after the procedure. Sperm was processed through density gradients. The average success rate of IUI was 10.2% of pregnant women per cycle. Significantly the highest number of pregnant women 16.3% was women with a diagnosis of anovulation. Significantly the lowest success rate of IUI was at the immunological cause of infertility and endometriosis. There was no evidence of age dependence for women on the success of IUI. Stimulation of CC did not significantly increase the chance of becoming pregnant. There was also no statistically significant difference in hCG before and after IUI pregnancy success. The most important group of women for whom IUI is a suitable form of assisted reproduction consists of patients of 35 years old with anovulation cause of sterility. Those patients with an immunological cause of infertility and endometriosis have significantly lower chances of conceiving after IUI and it is preferable for them to choose other techniques of assisted reproduction and embryo transfer.
文摘Background: Induction of labor is the stimulation of the uterus to initiate the labor process whether by administering oxytocin, prostaglandin or reputing the membrane [1]. It was realized that the number of induction of labor patients was thought to be increasing in comparison with the spontaneous labor patients. Therefore, the complications of induced labor were higher. A detailed analysis was needed to confirm that. Objective: The aim of the study is to analyze the outcomes between spontaneous versus induced labor. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted at our tertiary care university hospital, in the period from December 2015 to December 2016 when 311 women were divided into two groups: group 1, women who had spontaneous labor (n = 106) compared with group 2, women who were labor induced (n = 205). Complications of pregnancy, delivery type, tear, episiotomy, blood transfusion and instruments used were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The mean ± SD of baseline characteristics, like age, height, weight, BMI and hemoglobin level for all study samples was 28.59 ± 5.95 years, 1.58 ± 0.06 m, 71.77 ± 13.42 kg, 28.59 ± 5.89 kg/m2 and 11.08 ± 1.45 g/dl respectively. A statistically significant difference was noticed in the duration of labor between spontaneous and induced labor (95% CI: 9.194 - 152.130;p-value 0.004 and OR: 0.239). There was no significant difference in complications, delivery type (Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery (SVD) or other), blood transfusion, and instrument used between women who had spontaneous labor versus induced labor. However, significant differences in tear (95% CI: 4.354 - 0.996;p-value 0.035) and episiotomy (95% CI: 0.928 - 0.224;p-value 0.028) were found between the two groups. In conclusion, the induced labor was found to be associated with high incidence of duration of labor, tear and episiotomy. Patients should always be counseled when there it is an option between the two delivery types.
文摘The main objective of this study was to determine differences in sperm recovered from the three segments of the epididymis, i.e., head, corpus and cauda, using routine measurements of sperm quality and DNA fragmentation assessment. There was a larger sperm concentration (P < 0.05) in the head (3.34 × 106 sperm/mL) compared with the corpus and cauda. The percentage of normal morphology was higher in the cauda but had lower motility (P < 0.05). The DNA fragmentation index was higher for sperm obtained from the head and body of the epididymis (P < 0.01) compared with the cauda. The DNA fragmentation index values were 12% higher (P < 0.01) using Wright stain compared with DAPI stain in sperm from the head and corpus of the epididymis, but similar in the cauda. Spermatobioscopy parameters match the maturation changes that occur in the epididymal tract with higher quality sperm being from the cauda, but with a lower concentration compared to sperm found in the head.
文摘Objective: To investigate the microecology and common infection of the female vagina in border area of Chongzuo City. Methods: Female patients in the outpatient department and inpatient department of gynecology of our hospital from April 1, 2018 to August 23, 2021 were selected as the research objects. The reproductive tract secretions of all patients were examined by microecological examination, morphological examination, chemical analysis and microscopic examination, and the results of various indicators were statistically analyzed to draw relevant conclusions. Results: Among the 1498 women with vaginal micro- ecological imbalances, cleanliness was determined to be 534 cases of degree II, 868 cases of degree III, and 96 cases of degree IV;Nugent scores were 9 - 10 in 9 cases, 8 in 122 cases, 7 in 30 cases, 6 in 18 cases, 5 in 8 cases, 4 in 717 cases, 3 in 248 cases, 2 in 209 cases, 1 in 118 cases, and 0 in 19 cases. AV scores were 8 in 1 case, 7 in 1 case, 6 in 2 cases, 5 in 9 cases, 4 in 84 cases, 3 in 207 cases, 2 in 850 cases, 1 in 284 cases, and 0 in 60 cases. Among the pathogen infections, 99 cases were mycoplasma, 361 cases were candida, 199 cases were bacterial and 8 cases were trichomonas;In chemical analysis, there were 138 cases with pH 5.1, 326 cases with pH 4.8, 775 cases with pH 4.6, 217 cases with pH 4.4, and 42 cases with pH 4.1;meanwhile, 1390 cases were positive for hydrogen peroxide, 505 cases were positive for glucosidase, 487 cases were positive for acetylglucosaminidase, 184 cases were positive for sialidase, 290 cases were positive for proline amino-peptidase, 501 cases were positive for coagulase, and 1064 cases were positive for leukocyte esterase. Conclusion: Female reproductive tract microecology is more complex, and the pathogens of infection are also diverse. A systematic examination can clarify the occurrence and development of the disease, and then provide reliable laboratory data for clinical treatment and guide clinical medication.
文摘Background: Armed conflict increases the occurrence of adverse obstetrical outcomes especially in low and middle-income countries. However, there is paucity of data on obstetrical outcomes in the South-West and North-West Regions of Cameroon since the onset of the socio-political instability. Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate obstetrical outcomes in the Buea and Bamenda Regional Hospitals, Cameroon during the period of socio-political instability. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was carried out at the aforementioned hospitals. Data was collected from case notes of pregnant women before the period of socio-political instability (from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016) and during the period of socio-political instability (from January 1, 2017 to October 31, 2019). The Chi square and Fischer’s exact test were used to compare categorical variables where appropriate and modeled into multivariate analysis. A p-value Results: The mean maternal age was 27.09 (±5.25) years, before and during the conflict. The mean weight of neonates (regardless of gestational age) during the conflict was significantly higher [3.28 (±0.65) kg] compared to that before the conflict [3.21 ± (0.52) kg] (p yrs [OR = 1.97;CI (1.16 - 3.37), p = 0.01], and delivery during the period of socio-political instability [OR = 1.97;CI (1.16 - 3.37)], p = 0.01 and [OR = 1.89;CI (1.53 - 2.33)], p Conclusion: This study identifies increased incidence of adverse maternal outcomes in mothers exposed to socio-political instability.
文摘Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is an antioxidant that plays an important role in the maintenance of male fertility. The aim of this study was to compare the profile of enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase in the seminal plasma of normozoosperm and those of pathological sperm. Thus, the activity of glutathione peroxidase was determined in the seminal plasma of 20 normozoosperms, 9 azoosperms and 31 oligoasthenoteratozoosperms. It was 37.58 ± 3.14 U/L in normozoosperms, 39.39 ± 2.27 U/L in oligoasthenoteratozoosperms, and 29.77 ± 2.62 U/L in azoosperms. The mean GPx enzyme activity of normozoosperms did not differ significantly from that of oligoasthenoteratozoosperms and azoosperms. In contrast, comparison of enzyme activity between abnormal sperms gave a significant difference. This study showed that glutathione peroxidase enzymatic activity is not related to sperm quality.
文摘Obstetric cholestasis (also referred to as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy—ICP) is a pruritic form of reversible cholestasis that is associated with significant fetal risks. There is a paucity of research regarding pregnancy outcomes of the mothers with obstetric cholestasis in the South Asian setting. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of obstetric cholestasis among mothers presenting with pruritus during pregnancy and to describe the characteristics and outcomes for those diagnosed with ICP in comparison with those with pruritus in the absence of ICP. Methods: All mothers presenting with pruritus to De Soyza Maternity hospital in Colombo Sri Lanka, between 1st January 2011 to 1st January 2014, were recruited for the study. A standard set of biochemical tests were used for diagnosis of ICP. An interviewer administered questionnaire and patient records were used for data collection. Presentation, characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were assessed and compared for mothers with ICP against those with pruritus in the absence of ICP. Results: The prevalence of ICP in the study population was found to be 27% (n = 27). Generalized pruritus with pruritus of the palms and soles was identified as the commonest pattern of pruritus for diagnosed with ICP. Delivery before 37 weeks (p = 0.001), meconium stained liquor (p = 0.004), placental abruption (p = 0.005), postpartum hemorrhage (p = 0.005), bleeding manifestation (p = 0.006), preterm labor (p = 0.031) and fetal distress (p = 0.035) were found to be significantly associated with the presence of ICP. Conclusions: Nearly 1/3 of mothers presenting with pruritus in pregnancy in Sri Lanka are affected by ICP which is associated with an increase in a wide range of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes compared to those with pruritus in the absence of ICP.
