The authors regret that the published version of the above article contained two errors which were not identified during the proofing stage.Also,Figure 2A and 6C have been replaced.The authors apologize for these erro...The authors regret that the published version of the above article contained two errors which were not identified during the proofing stage.Also,Figure 2A and 6C have been replaced.The authors apologize for these errors and state that these corrections do not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.展开更多
This study presents a computational framework that investigates the effect of localised surface-based corrosion on the mechanical performance of a magnesium-based alloy.A finite element-based phenomenological corrosio...This study presents a computational framework that investigates the effect of localised surface-based corrosion on the mechanical performance of a magnesium-based alloy.A finite element-based phenomenological corrosion model was used to generate a wide range of corrosion profiles,with subsequent uniaxial tensile test simulations to predict the mechanical response to failure.The python-based detection framework PitScan provides detailed quantification of the spatial phenomenological features of corrosion,including a full geometric tracking of corroding surface.Through this approach,this study is the first to quantitatively demonstrate that a surface-based non-uniform corrosion model can capture both the geometrical and mechanical features of a magne-sium alloy undergoing corrosion by comparing to experimental data.Using this verified corrosion modelling approach,a wide range of corrosion scenarios was evaluated and enabled quantitative relationships to be established between the mechanical integrity and key phenomenological corrosion features.In particular,we demonstrated that the minimal cross-sectional area parameter was the strongest predictor of the remaining mechanical strength(R2=0.98),with this relationship being independent of the severity or spatial features of localised surface corrosion.Interestingly,our analysis demonstrated that parameters described in ASTM G46-94 showed weaker correlations to the mechanical integrity of corroding specimens,compared to parameters determined by Pitscan.This study establishes new mechanistic insight into the performance of the magnesium-based materials undergoing corrosion.展开更多
Tissue regeneration requires exogenous and endogenous signals,and there is increasing evidence that the exogenous microenvironment may play an even more dominant role in the complex process of coordinated multiple cel...Tissue regeneration requires exogenous and endogenous signals,and there is increasing evidence that the exogenous microenvironment may play an even more dominant role in the complex process of coordinated multiple cells.The short-distance peripheral nerve showed a spontaneous regenerative phenomenon,which was initiated by the guiding role of macrophages.However,it cannot sufficiently restore long-distance nerve injury by itself.Based on this principle,we firstly constructed a proinflammatory model to prove that abnormal M2 expression reduce the guidance and repair effect of long-distance nerves.Furthermore,a bionic peptide hydrogel scaffold based on self-assembly was developed to envelop M2-derived regenerative cytokines and extracellular vesicles(EVs).The cytokines and EVs were quantified to mimic the guidance and regenerative microenvironment in a direct and mild manner.The bionic scaffold promoted M2 transformation in situ and led to proliferation and migration of Schwann cells,neuron growth and motor function recovery.Meanwhile,the peptide scaffold combined with CX3CL1 recruited more blood-derived M2 macrophages to promote long-distance nerve reconstruction.Overall,we systematically confirmed the important role of M2 in regulating and restoring the injury peripheral nerve.This bionic peptide hydrogel scaffold mimicked and remodeled the local environment for M2 transformation and recruitment,favoring long-distance peripheral nerve regeneration.It can help to explicate regulative effect of M2 may be a cause not just a consequence in nerve repair and tissue integration,which facilitating the development of pro-regenerative biomaterials.展开更多
Despite decades of efforts,state-of-the-art synthetic burn dressings to treat partial-thickness burns are still far from ideal.Current dressings adhere to the wound and necessitate debridement.This work describes the ...Despite decades of efforts,state-of-the-art synthetic burn dressings to treat partial-thickness burns are still far from ideal.Current dressings adhere to the wound and necessitate debridement.This work describes the first“supramolecular hybrid hydrogel(SHH)”burn dressing that is biocompatible,self-healable,and on-demand dissoluble for easy and trauma-free removal,prepared by a simple,fast,and scalable method.These SHHs leverage the interactions of a custom-designed cationic copolymer via host-guest chemistry with cucurbit[7]uril and electrostatic interactions with clay nanosheets coated with an anionic polymer to achieve enhanced mechanical properties and fast on-demand dissolution.The SHHs show high mechanical strength(>50 kPa),self-heal rapidly in~1 min,and dissolve quickly(4-6 min)using an amantadine hydrochloride(AH)solution that breaks the supramolecular interactions in the SHHs.Neither the SHHs nor the AH solution has any adverse effects on human dermal fibroblasts or epidermal keratinocytes in vitro.The SHHs also do not elicit any significant cytokine response in vitro.Furthermore,in vivo murine experiments show no immune or inflammatory cell infiltration in the subcutaneous tissue and no change in circulatory cytokines compared to sham controls.Thus,these SHHs present excellent burn dressing candidates to reduce the time of pain and time associated with dressing changes.展开更多
Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)plays an important role in regulating various pathological processes such as protecting mammalian cell from harmful injuries,promoting tissue regeneration,and regulating the process of various ...Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)plays an important role in regulating various pathological processes such as protecting mammalian cell from harmful injuries,promoting tissue regeneration,and regulating the process of various diseases caused by physiological disorders.Studies have revealed that the physiological effects of H_(2)S are highly associated with its concentrations.At relatively low concentration,H_(2)S shows beneficial functions.However,long-time and high-dose donation of H_(2)S would inhibit regular biological process,resulting in cell dysfunction and apoptosis.To regulate the dosage of H_(2)S delivery for precision medicine,H_(2)S delivery systems with intelligent characteristics were developed and a variety of biocompatibility polymers have been utilized to establish intelligent polymeric H_(2)S delivery systems,with the abilities to specifically target the lesions,smartly respond to pathological microenvironments,as well as real-timely monitor H_(2)S delivery and lesion conditions by incorporating imaging-capable moieties.In this review,we focus on the design,preparation,and therapeutic applications of intelligent polymeric H_(2)S delivery systems in cardiovascular therapy,inflammatory therapy,tissue regenerative therapy,cancer therapy and bacteria-associated therapy.Strategies for precise H_(2)S therapies especially imaging-guided H_(2)S theranostics are highlighted.Since H_(2)S donors with stimuli-responsive characters are vital components for establishing intelligent H_(2)S delivery systems,the development of H_(2)S donors is also briefly introduced.展开更多
With the increase of global population,people’s life expectancy is growing as well.Humans tend to live more active lifestyles and,therefore,trauma generated large defects become more common.Instances of tumour resect...With the increase of global population,people’s life expectancy is growing as well.Humans tend to live more active lifestyles and,therefore,trauma generated large defects become more common.Instances of tumour resection or pathological conditions and complex orthopaedic issues occur more frequently increasing necessity for bone substitutes.Composition of calcium phosphate cements(CPCs)is comparable to the chemical structure of bone minerals.Their ability to self-set and resorb in vivo secures a variety of potential applications in bone regeneration.Despite the years-long research and several products already reaching the market,finding the right properties for calcium phosphate cement to be osteoinductive and both injectable and suitable for clinical use is still a sudoku.This article is focused on injectable,porous CPCs,reviewing the latest developments on the path toward finding osteoinductive material,which is suitable for injection.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg)alloys that have both antibacterial and osteogenic properties are suitable candidates for orthopedic implants.However,the fabrication of ideal Mg implants suitable for bone repair remains challenging beca...Magnesium(Mg)alloys that have both antibacterial and osteogenic properties are suitable candidates for orthopedic implants.However,the fabrication of ideal Mg implants suitable for bone repair remains challenging because it requires implants with interconnected pore structures and personalized geometric shapes.In this study,we fabricated a porous 3D-printed Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr(denoted as JDBM)implant with suitable mechanical properties using selective laser melting technology.The 3D-printed JDBM implant exhibited cytocompatibility in MC3T3-E1 and RAW267.4 cells and excellent osteoinductivity in vitro.Furthermore,the implant demonstrated excellent antibacterial ratios of 90.0% and 92.1% for methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)and Escherichia coli,respectively.The 3D-printed JDBM implant prevented MRSA-induced implant-related infection in a rabbit model and showed good in vivo biocompatibility based on the results of histological evaluation,blood tests,and Mg2+deposition detection.In addition,enhanced inflammatory response and TNF-α secretion were observed at the bone-implant interface of the 3D-printed JDBM implants during the early implantation stage.The high Mg^(2+)environment produced by the degradation of 3D-printed JDBM implants could promote M1 phenotype of macrophages(Tnf,iNOS,Ccl3,Ccl4,Ccl5,Cxcl10,and Cxcl2),and enhance the phagocytic ability of macrophages.The enhanced immunoregulatory effect generated by relatively fast Mg^(2+)release and implant degradation during the early implantation stage is a potential antibacterial mechanism of Mg-based implant.Our findings indicate that 3D-printed porous JDBM implants,having both antibacterial property and osteoinductivity,hold potential for future orthopedic applications.展开更多
Spinal acrylic bone cements(ABCs)are used clinically for percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)and kyphoplasty(PKP)to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Product translation of spinal ABC products followed th...Spinal acrylic bone cements(ABCs)are used clinically for percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)and kyphoplasty(PKP)to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Product translation of spinal ABC products followed the design control processes including design verification and validation.The bench to bedside translation of the first Chinese spinal ABC product(Alliment®,namely Alliment Cement)approved by National Medical Products Administration of China was investigated and another commercial product served as the control(Osteopal®V,namely Osteopal V Cement).Results of non-clinical bench performance verification tests of compression,bending and monomer release showed that the newly marketed Alliment Cement is similar to the Osteopal V Cement with properties of both meeting the criteria specified by standards.The Alliment Cement demonstrated good biocompatibility during the 26 weeks’bone implantation test.Porcine cadaver validation tests further revealed that the Alliment Cement satisfied the needs for both PVP and PKP procedures.A post-approval,retrospective clinical investigation further demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the Alliment Cement,with a significant reduction of pain and the improved stability of the fractured vertebral bodies.A successful translation of biomaterial medical products needs close collaborations among academia,industry,healthcare professionals and regulatory agencies.展开更多
Given that apoptosis increases the risk of plaque rupture, strategies that reduce intracellular lipid levels without killing foam cells are warranted for safe and effective treatment of atherosclerosis. In this study,...Given that apoptosis increases the risk of plaque rupture, strategies that reduce intracellular lipid levels without killing foam cells are warranted for safe and effective treatment of atherosclerosis. In this study, a mild pho-totherapy strategy is carried out to achieve the hypothesis. Foam cell-targeted nanoprobes that allow photo-thermal therapy (PTT) and/or photodynamic therapy (PDT) were prepared by loading hyaluronan and porphine onto black TiO_(2) nanoparticles. The results showed that when temperatures below 45 ◦C, PTT alone and PTT +PDT significantly reduced the intracellular lipid burden without inducing evidently apoptosis or necrosis. In contrast, the use of PDT alone resulted in only a slight reduction in lipid levels and induced massive apoptosis or necrosis. The protective effect against apoptosis or necrosis after mild-temperature PTT and PTT + PDT was correlated with the upregulation of heat shock protein 27. Further, mild-temperature PTT and PTT + PDT attenuated intracellular cholesterol biosynthesis and excess cholesterol uptake via the SREBP2/LDLR pathway, and also triggered ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux, ultimately inhibiting lipid accumulation in foam cells. Our results offer new insights into the mechanism of lipid regulation in foam cells and indicate that the black TiO_(2) nanoprobes could allow safer and more effective phototherapy of atherosclerosis.展开更多
UCNPs@AgBiS_(2) core-shell nanoparticles that AgBiS_(2) coated on the surface of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) was successfully prepared through an ion exchange reaction. The photothermal conversion efficiency of...UCNPs@AgBiS_(2) core-shell nanoparticles that AgBiS_(2) coated on the surface of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) was successfully prepared through an ion exchange reaction. The photothermal conversion efficiency of AgBiS_(2) can be improved from 14.7% to 45% due to the cross relaxation between Nd ions and AgBiS_(2). The doping concentration of Nd ions played a critical role in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced the photothermal conversion efficiency. The NaYF4:Yb/Er/Nd@NaYF4:Nd nanoparticles endows strong upcon-version emissions when the doped concentration of Nd ions is 1% in the inner core, which excites the AgBiS_(2) shell to produce ROS for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer cells. As a result, the as-prepared NaYF4:Yb/Er/ Nd@NaYF4:Nd@AgBiS_(2) core-shell nanoparticles showed combined photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/ PDT) against malignant tumors. This work provides an alternative near-infrared light-active multimodal nano-structures for applications such as fighting against cancers.展开更多
Zinc(Zn)is a promising bioresorbable implant material with more moderate degradation rate compared to magnesium(Mg)and iron(Fe).However,the low mechanical strength and localized degradation behavior of pure Zn limit i...Zinc(Zn)is a promising bioresorbable implant material with more moderate degradation rate compared to magnesium(Mg)and iron(Fe).However,the low mechanical strength and localized degradation behavior of pure Zn limit its clinical applications.Alloying is one of the most effective ways to overcome these limitations.After screening the alloying element candidates regarding their potentials for improvement on the degradation and biocompatibility,we proposed Fe as the alloying element for Zn,and investigated the in vitro and in vivo performances of these alloys in both subcutaneous and femoral tissues.Results showed that the uniformly distributed secondary phase in Zn–Fe alloys significantly improved the mechanical property and facilitated uniform degradation,which thus enhanced their biocompatibility,especially the Zn-0.4Fe alloy.Moreover,these Zn–Fe alloys showed outstanding antibacterial property.Taken together,Zn–Fe alloys could be promising can-didates as bioresorbable medical implants for various cardiovascular,wound closure,and orthopedic applications.展开更多
Retinal degeneration is a main class of ocular diseases.So far,retinal progenitor cell(RPC)transplantation has been the most potential therapy for it,in which promoting RPCs neuronal differentiation remains an unmet c...Retinal degeneration is a main class of ocular diseases.So far,retinal progenitor cell(RPC)transplantation has been the most potential therapy for it,in which promoting RPCs neuronal differentiation remains an unmet challenge.To address this issue,innovatively designed L/D-phenylalanine based chiral nanofibers(LPG and DPG)are employed and it finds that chirality of fibers can efficiently regulate RPCs differentiation.qPCR,western blot,and immunofluorescence analysis show that right-handed helical DPG nanofibers significantly promote RPCs neuronal differentiation,whereas left-handed LPG nanofibers decrease this effect.These effects are mainly ascribed to the stereoselective interaction between chiral helical nanofibers and retinol-binding protein 4(RBP4,a key protein in the retinoic acid(RA)metabolic pathway).The findings of chirality-dependent neuronal differentiation provide new strategies for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases via optimizing differentiation of transplanted stem cells on chiral nanofibers.展开更多
Conductive scaffolds have been shown to exert a therapeutic effect on patients suffering from peripheral nerve injuries(PNIs).However,conventional conductive conduits are made of rigid structures and have limited appl...Conductive scaffolds have been shown to exert a therapeutic effect on patients suffering from peripheral nerve injuries(PNIs).However,conventional conductive conduits are made of rigid structures and have limited applications for impaired diabetic patients due to their mechanical mismatch with neural tissues and poor plasticity.We propose the development of biocompatible electroconductive hydrogels(ECHs)that are identical to a surgical dressing in this study.Based on excellent adhesive and self-healing properties,the thin film-like dressing can be easily attached to the injured nerve fibers,automatically warps a tubular structure without requiring any invasive techniques.The ECH offers an intimate and stable electrical bridge coupling with the electrogenic nerve tissues.The in vitro experiments indicated that the ECH promoted the migration and adhesion of the Schwann cells.Furthermore,the ECH facilitated axonal regeneration and remyelination in vitro and in vivo through the MEK/ERK pathway,thus preventing muscle denervation atrophy while retaining functional recovery.The results of this study are likely to facilitate the development of non-invasive treatment techniques for PNIs in diabetic patients utilizing electroconductive hydrogels.展开更多
The study is concerned with the mechanical properties of Zn and three Zn–Mg double alloys with Mg concentrations:0.5%,1.0%and 1.5%in the form of rods with a diameter of 5 mm as potential materials for use in biodegra...The study is concerned with the mechanical properties of Zn and three Zn–Mg double alloys with Mg concentrations:0.5%,1.0%and 1.5%in the form of rods with a diameter of 5 mm as potential materials for use in biodegradable medical implants,such as vascular stents.The materials were cast,next conventionally hot extruded at 250°C and finally,hydrostatically extruded(HE)at ambient temperature.Occasionally HE process was carried at liquid nitrogen temperature or in combination with the ECAP process.After HE,the microstructure of the alloys was made up of fine-grainedαZn of mean grain size~1μm in a 2-phase coat of 50–200 nm nanograins of the fineαZn+Mg2Zn11 eutectic.The 3 to 4-fold reduction of grain size as a result of HE allowed an increase in yield strength from 100%to over 200%,elongation to fracture from 100%to thirty fold and hardness over 50%compared to the best literature results for similar alloys.Exceptions accounted for elongation to fracture in case of Zn-0.5 Mg alloy and hardness in case of Zn-1.5 Mg alloy,both of which fell by 20%.For the Zn-0.5 Mg and Zn–1Mg alloys,after immersion tests,no corrosive degradation of plasticity was observed.Achieving these properties was the result of generating large plastic deformations at ambient temperature due to the application of high pressure forming with the cumulative HE method.The results showed that Zn–Mg binary alloys after HE have mechanical and corrosive characteristics,qualifying them for applications in biodegradable implants,including vascular stents.展开更多
The biocompatibility of biphasicα,β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics,obtained by annealing a compact preform based onβ-tricalcium phosphate powder,was studied in vitro.It was found that within 10–30 days the adhesion...The biocompatibility of biphasicα,β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics,obtained by annealing a compact preform based onβ-tricalcium phosphate powder,was studied in vitro.It was found that within 10–30 days the adhesion of primary dental pulp stem cells located on the surface of biphasicα,β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics is suppressed.Decrease of the cell number on the surface of biphasicα,β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics,most likely,can be associated with both the pH level(acidic)as a result of hydrolysis of the more soluble phase ofα-tricalcium phosphate and with the nature of surface that changes as a result of the formation and growth of hydroxyapatite crystals.展开更多
Biodegradable magnesium(Mg)-based alloys have aroused great concern owing to their promising characteristics as temporary implants for orthopedic application.But their undesirably rapid corrosion rate under physiologi...Biodegradable magnesium(Mg)-based alloys have aroused great concern owing to their promising characteristics as temporary implants for orthopedic application.But their undesirably rapid corrosion rate under physiological conditions has limited the actual clinical application.This study reports the use of a novel biomimetic polyelectrolyte multilayer template,based on polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)and polyacrylic acid(PAA)via layerby-layer(LbL)assembly,to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy.Surface characterization techniques(field-emission scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectrophotometer and X-ray diffractometer)confirmed the formation of biomineralized Ca–P coating on AZ31 alloy.Both hydrogen evolution and electrochemical corrosion tests demonstrated that the corrosion protection of the polyelectrolyte-induced Ca–P coating on AZ31 alloy.The formation mechanism of biomineralized Ca–P coating was proposed.展开更多
At present,titanium(Ti)and its alloys are most commonly use in hemostasis clip clinical applications.However,the Ti Clip cannot be absorbed in human body and produce artifacts on computed tomography(CT),and induce cli...At present,titanium(Ti)and its alloys are most commonly use in hemostasis clip clinical applications.However,the Ti Clip cannot be absorbed in human body and produce artifacts on computed tomography(CT),and induce clinically relevant hypersensitivity in patients.In order to overcome the drawbacks of the non-degradable Ti clips,an Mg-Zn-Ca alloy operative clip was fabricated by combining hot extrusion and blanking processing.In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy operative clip were evaluated by L-929 Cells and SD rat model respectively.It was found that Mg-Zn-Ca alloy exhibited non-cytotoxic to L929 cells.In vivo implantation showed that the newly designed Mg-Zn-Ca clip can successfully ligated carotid artery and no blood leakage occurred post-surgery.During the period of the clip degradation,a small amount of H2 gas formation and no tissue inflammation around the clips were observed.The degradation rate of the clip near the heart ligated the arteries faster than that of clip far away the heart due do the effect of arterial blood.Histological analysis and various blood biochemical parameters in rat serum samples collected at different times after clip implantation showed no tissue inflammation around the clips.展开更多
Melanoma has been a serious threat to the human health;however,effective therapeutic methods of this cancer are still limited.Combined local therapy is a crucial approach for achieving a superior anti-tumor efficacy.I...Melanoma has been a serious threat to the human health;however,effective therapeutic methods of this cancer are still limited.Combined local therapy is a crucial approach for achieving a superior anti-tumor efficacy.In this paper,a chemo-immunotherapy system of DOX,IL-2 and IFN-g based on poly(g-ethyl-Lglutamate)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(g-ethyl-L-glutamate)(PELG-PEG-PELG)hydrogel was developed for local treatment of melanoma xenograft.The drug release process of this system exhibited a short term of burst release(the first 3 days),followed by a long-term sustained release(the following 26 days).The hydrogel degraded completely within 3 weeks without obvious inflammatory responses in the subcutaneous layer of rats,showing a good biodegradability and biocompatibility.The DOX/IL-2/IFN-g co-loaded hydrogel also showed enhanced anti-tumor effect against B16F10 cells in vitro,through increasing the ratio of cell apoptosis and G2/S phage cycle arrest.Moreover,the combined strategy presented improved therapy efficacy against B16F10 melanoma xenograft without obvious systemic side effects in a nude mice model,which was likely related to both the enhanced tumor cell apoptosis and the increased proliferation of the CD3t/CD4t T-lymphocytes and CD3t/CD8t T-lymphocytes.Overall,the strategy of localized co-delivery of DOX/IL-2/IFN-g using the polypeptide hydrogel provided a promising approach for efficient melanoma therapy.展开更多
Hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide,with a multibillion dollar global market.Implant design remains a critical challenge for the successful repair and prevention of recurr...Hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide,with a multibillion dollar global market.Implant design remains a critical challenge for the successful repair and prevention of recurrent hernias,and despite significant progress,there is no ideal mesh for every surgery.This review summarizes the evolution of prostheses design toward successful hernia repair beginning with a description of the anatomy of the disease and the classifications of hernias.Next,the major milestones in implant design are discussed.Commonly encountered complications and strategies to minimize these adverse effects are described,followed by a thorough description of the implant characteristics necessary for successful repair.Finally,available implants are categorized and their advantages and limitations are elucidated,including non-absorbable and absorbable(synthetic and biologically derived)prostheses,composite prostheses,and coated prostheses.This review not only summarizes the state of the art in hernia repair,but also suggests future research directions toward improved hernia repair utilizing novel materials and fabrication methods.展开更多
Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly human brain cancers.Unique barriers hinder the drug delivering pathway due to the individual position of glioblastoma,including blood-brain barrier and blood-brain tumor barr...Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly human brain cancers.Unique barriers hinder the drug delivering pathway due to the individual position of glioblastoma,including blood-brain barrier and blood-brain tumor barrier.Numerous bioactive materials have been exploited and applied as the transvascular delivery carriers of therapeutic drugs.They promote site-specific accumulation and long term release of the encapsulated drugs at the tumor sites and reduce side effects with systemic delivery.And the delivery systems exhibit a certain extent of anti-glioblastoma effect and extend the median survival time.However,few of them step into the clinical trials.In this review,we will investigate the recent studies of bioactive materials for glioblastoma chemotherapy,including the inorganic materials,lipids and polymers.These bioactive materials construct diverse delivery vehicles to trigger tumor sites in brain intravenously.Herein,we exploit their functionality in drug delivery and discuss the deficiency for the featured tumors,to provide guidance for establishing optimized therapeutic drug formulation for anti-glioblastoma therapy and pave the way for clinical application.展开更多
文摘The authors regret that the published version of the above article contained two errors which were not identified during the proofing stage.Also,Figure 2A and 6C have been replaced.The authors apologize for these errors and state that these corrections do not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.
基金Irish Research Council(IRC)Government of Ireland Postgraduate Scholarship(GOIPG/2017/2102).
文摘This study presents a computational framework that investigates the effect of localised surface-based corrosion on the mechanical performance of a magnesium-based alloy.A finite element-based phenomenological corrosion model was used to generate a wide range of corrosion profiles,with subsequent uniaxial tensile test simulations to predict the mechanical response to failure.The python-based detection framework PitScan provides detailed quantification of the spatial phenomenological features of corrosion,including a full geometric tracking of corroding surface.Through this approach,this study is the first to quantitatively demonstrate that a surface-based non-uniform corrosion model can capture both the geometrical and mechanical features of a magne-sium alloy undergoing corrosion by comparing to experimental data.Using this verified corrosion modelling approach,a wide range of corrosion scenarios was evaluated and enabled quantitative relationships to be established between the mechanical integrity and key phenomenological corrosion features.In particular,we demonstrated that the minimal cross-sectional area parameter was the strongest predictor of the remaining mechanical strength(R2=0.98),with this relationship being independent of the severity or spatial features of localised surface corrosion.Interestingly,our analysis demonstrated that parameters described in ASTM G46-94 showed weaker correlations to the mechanical integrity of corroding specimens,compared to parameters determined by Pitscan.This study establishes new mechanistic insight into the performance of the magnesium-based materials undergoing corrosion.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32230057,32271389,31900987)Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(No.BK20200974)+5 种基金Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation(No.YQ2019H022)Shuangchuang Program of Jiangsu Province(No.JSSCBS20211603)Nantong Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(No.MB2021011)Nantong Science and Technology Plan Project(No.MSZ2022196)Nantong Science and Technology Plan Project(No.JC2019146)Nantong University Clinical Medicine Project(No.2019JZ004).
文摘Tissue regeneration requires exogenous and endogenous signals,and there is increasing evidence that the exogenous microenvironment may play an even more dominant role in the complex process of coordinated multiple cells.The short-distance peripheral nerve showed a spontaneous regenerative phenomenon,which was initiated by the guiding role of macrophages.However,it cannot sufficiently restore long-distance nerve injury by itself.Based on this principle,we firstly constructed a proinflammatory model to prove that abnormal M2 expression reduce the guidance and repair effect of long-distance nerves.Furthermore,a bionic peptide hydrogel scaffold based on self-assembly was developed to envelop M2-derived regenerative cytokines and extracellular vesicles(EVs).The cytokines and EVs were quantified to mimic the guidance and regenerative microenvironment in a direct and mild manner.The bionic scaffold promoted M2 transformation in situ and led to proliferation and migration of Schwann cells,neuron growth and motor function recovery.Meanwhile,the peptide scaffold combined with CX3CL1 recruited more blood-derived M2 macrophages to promote long-distance nerve reconstruction.Overall,we systematically confirmed the important role of M2 in regulating and restoring the injury peripheral nerve.This bionic peptide hydrogel scaffold mimicked and remodeled the local environment for M2 transformation and recruitment,favoring long-distance peripheral nerve regeneration.It can help to explicate regulative effect of M2 may be a cause not just a consequence in nerve repair and tissue integration,which facilitating the development of pro-regenerative biomaterials.
基金This research was supported partially by grants from the National Institutes of Health(NIH 5R21GM136002,NIH 1R21GM141683,and NIH 5R01HL145031)National Science Foundation(NSF Grant CHE-1904465 and EEC-1941543)a Massachusetts General Hospital(MGH)Executive Committee on Research(ECOR)Interim Support Fund,and a Shriners Hospital Research Grant(SHC 85125,and 85128).
文摘Despite decades of efforts,state-of-the-art synthetic burn dressings to treat partial-thickness burns are still far from ideal.Current dressings adhere to the wound and necessitate debridement.This work describes the first“supramolecular hybrid hydrogel(SHH)”burn dressing that is biocompatible,self-healable,and on-demand dissoluble for easy and trauma-free removal,prepared by a simple,fast,and scalable method.These SHHs leverage the interactions of a custom-designed cationic copolymer via host-guest chemistry with cucurbit[7]uril and electrostatic interactions with clay nanosheets coated with an anionic polymer to achieve enhanced mechanical properties and fast on-demand dissolution.The SHHs show high mechanical strength(>50 kPa),self-heal rapidly in~1 min,and dissolve quickly(4-6 min)using an amantadine hydrochloride(AH)solution that breaks the supramolecular interactions in the SHHs.Neither the SHHs nor the AH solution has any adverse effects on human dermal fibroblasts or epidermal keratinocytes in vitro.The SHHs also do not elicit any significant cytokine response in vitro.Furthermore,in vivo murine experiments show no immune or inflammatory cell infiltration in the subcutaneous tissue and no change in circulatory cytokines compared to sham controls.Thus,these SHHs present excellent burn dressing candidates to reduce the time of pain and time associated with dressing changes.
基金supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(52003224,52073230)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2020GXLH-Z-013,2019JQ-157)Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(202003N4051).
文摘Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)plays an important role in regulating various pathological processes such as protecting mammalian cell from harmful injuries,promoting tissue regeneration,and regulating the process of various diseases caused by physiological disorders.Studies have revealed that the physiological effects of H_(2)S are highly associated with its concentrations.At relatively low concentration,H_(2)S shows beneficial functions.However,long-time and high-dose donation of H_(2)S would inhibit regular biological process,resulting in cell dysfunction and apoptosis.To regulate the dosage of H_(2)S delivery for precision medicine,H_(2)S delivery systems with intelligent characteristics were developed and a variety of biocompatibility polymers have been utilized to establish intelligent polymeric H_(2)S delivery systems,with the abilities to specifically target the lesions,smartly respond to pathological microenvironments,as well as real-timely monitor H_(2)S delivery and lesion conditions by incorporating imaging-capable moieties.In this review,we focus on the design,preparation,and therapeutic applications of intelligent polymeric H_(2)S delivery systems in cardiovascular therapy,inflammatory therapy,tissue regenerative therapy,cancer therapy and bacteria-associated therapy.Strategies for precise H_(2)S therapies especially imaging-guided H_(2)S theranostics are highlighted.Since H_(2)S donors with stimuli-responsive characters are vital components for establishing intelligent H_(2)S delivery systems,the development of H_(2)S donors is also briefly introduced.
基金The authors acknowledge financial support for granting Open Access from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No.857287.
文摘With the increase of global population,people’s life expectancy is growing as well.Humans tend to live more active lifestyles and,therefore,trauma generated large defects become more common.Instances of tumour resection or pathological conditions and complex orthopaedic issues occur more frequently increasing necessity for bone substitutes.Composition of calcium phosphate cements(CPCs)is comparable to the chemical structure of bone minerals.Their ability to self-set and resorb in vivo secures a variety of potential applications in bone regeneration.Despite the years-long research and several products already reaching the market,finding the right properties for calcium phosphate cement to be osteoinductive and both injectable and suitable for clinical use is still a sudoku.This article is focused on injectable,porous CPCs,reviewing the latest developments on the path toward finding osteoinductive material,which is suitable for injection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81972058,81902194,81902201,and 51821001)National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC1100600,subproject 2016YFC1100604)+4 种基金Multicenter Clinical Research Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,China(DLY201506)High Technology and Key Development Project of Ningbo,China(2019B10102)Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty,China(shslczdzk06701)National Facility for Translational Medicine(Shanghai),China(TMSZ-2020-207)the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China(YG2019QN2019).
文摘Magnesium(Mg)alloys that have both antibacterial and osteogenic properties are suitable candidates for orthopedic implants.However,the fabrication of ideal Mg implants suitable for bone repair remains challenging because it requires implants with interconnected pore structures and personalized geometric shapes.In this study,we fabricated a porous 3D-printed Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr(denoted as JDBM)implant with suitable mechanical properties using selective laser melting technology.The 3D-printed JDBM implant exhibited cytocompatibility in MC3T3-E1 and RAW267.4 cells and excellent osteoinductivity in vitro.Furthermore,the implant demonstrated excellent antibacterial ratios of 90.0% and 92.1% for methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)and Escherichia coli,respectively.The 3D-printed JDBM implant prevented MRSA-induced implant-related infection in a rabbit model and showed good in vivo biocompatibility based on the results of histological evaluation,blood tests,and Mg2+deposition detection.In addition,enhanced inflammatory response and TNF-α secretion were observed at the bone-implant interface of the 3D-printed JDBM implants during the early implantation stage.The high Mg^(2+)environment produced by the degradation of 3D-printed JDBM implants could promote M1 phenotype of macrophages(Tnf,iNOS,Ccl3,Ccl4,Ccl5,Cxcl10,and Cxcl2),and enhance the phagocytic ability of macrophages.The enhanced immunoregulatory effect generated by relatively fast Mg^(2+)release and implant degradation during the early implantation stage is a potential antibacterial mechanism of Mg-based implant.Our findings indicate that 3D-printed porous JDBM implants,having both antibacterial property and osteoinductivity,hold potential for future orthopedic applications.
文摘Spinal acrylic bone cements(ABCs)are used clinically for percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)and kyphoplasty(PKP)to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Product translation of spinal ABC products followed the design control processes including design verification and validation.The bench to bedside translation of the first Chinese spinal ABC product(Alliment®,namely Alliment Cement)approved by National Medical Products Administration of China was investigated and another commercial product served as the control(Osteopal®V,namely Osteopal V Cement).Results of non-clinical bench performance verification tests of compression,bending and monomer release showed that the newly marketed Alliment Cement is similar to the Osteopal V Cement with properties of both meeting the criteria specified by standards.The Alliment Cement demonstrated good biocompatibility during the 26 weeks’bone implantation test.Porcine cadaver validation tests further revealed that the Alliment Cement satisfied the needs for both PVP and PKP procedures.A post-approval,retrospective clinical investigation further demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the Alliment Cement,with a significant reduction of pain and the improved stability of the fractured vertebral bodies.A successful translation of biomaterial medical products needs close collaborations among academia,industry,healthcare professionals and regulatory agencies.
基金This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(32171359,32025021,31971292)National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0405603,2018YFC0910601)+7 种基金Zhejiang Province Financial Supporting(LGF19C100001,2020C03110)Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province(No.2019E10020)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY20H020002)General research program of Zhejiang Provincial Department of health(WKJ-ZJ-2137)Key Scientific and Technological Special Project of Ningbo City(2020Z094)the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University Youth Talent Cultivation Program(FYQM-KY-202002)Furthermore,the authors also acknowledge National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory in Hefei for High End User Cultivation Fund(2020HSC-UE006)Shanghai Syn-chrotron Radiation Facility at Line BL15U for X-ray fluorescence imaging.
文摘Given that apoptosis increases the risk of plaque rupture, strategies that reduce intracellular lipid levels without killing foam cells are warranted for safe and effective treatment of atherosclerosis. In this study, a mild pho-totherapy strategy is carried out to achieve the hypothesis. Foam cell-targeted nanoprobes that allow photo-thermal therapy (PTT) and/or photodynamic therapy (PDT) were prepared by loading hyaluronan and porphine onto black TiO_(2) nanoparticles. The results showed that when temperatures below 45 ◦C, PTT alone and PTT +PDT significantly reduced the intracellular lipid burden without inducing evidently apoptosis or necrosis. In contrast, the use of PDT alone resulted in only a slight reduction in lipid levels and induced massive apoptosis or necrosis. The protective effect against apoptosis or necrosis after mild-temperature PTT and PTT + PDT was correlated with the upregulation of heat shock protein 27. Further, mild-temperature PTT and PTT + PDT attenuated intracellular cholesterol biosynthesis and excess cholesterol uptake via the SREBP2/LDLR pathway, and also triggered ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux, ultimately inhibiting lipid accumulation in foam cells. Our results offer new insights into the mechanism of lipid regulation in foam cells and indicate that the black TiO_(2) nanoprobes could allow safer and more effective phototherapy of atherosclerosis.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 52172276,U20A20379),research fund from Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine(2021zhyx-B15)Grants for Scientific Research of BSKY(No:XJ201933)from Anhui Medical University.Zhaoyou Chu,Tian Tian,and Zhenchao Tao contributed equally to this work.
文摘UCNPs@AgBiS_(2) core-shell nanoparticles that AgBiS_(2) coated on the surface of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) was successfully prepared through an ion exchange reaction. The photothermal conversion efficiency of AgBiS_(2) can be improved from 14.7% to 45% due to the cross relaxation between Nd ions and AgBiS_(2). The doping concentration of Nd ions played a critical role in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced the photothermal conversion efficiency. The NaYF4:Yb/Er/Nd@NaYF4:Nd nanoparticles endows strong upcon-version emissions when the doped concentration of Nd ions is 1% in the inner core, which excites the AgBiS_(2) shell to produce ROS for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer cells. As a result, the as-prepared NaYF4:Yb/Er/ Nd@NaYF4:Nd@AgBiS_(2) core-shell nanoparticles showed combined photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/ PDT) against malignant tumors. This work provides an alternative near-infrared light-active multimodal nano-structures for applications such as fighting against cancers.
基金This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health[R01HL140562].
文摘Zinc(Zn)is a promising bioresorbable implant material with more moderate degradation rate compared to magnesium(Mg)and iron(Fe).However,the low mechanical strength and localized degradation behavior of pure Zn limit its clinical applications.Alloying is one of the most effective ways to overcome these limitations.After screening the alloying element candidates regarding their potentials for improvement on the degradation and biocompatibility,we proposed Fe as the alloying element for Zn,and investigated the in vitro and in vivo performances of these alloys in both subcutaneous and femoral tissues.Results showed that the uniformly distributed secondary phase in Zn–Fe alloys significantly improved the mechanical property and facilitated uniform degradation,which thus enhanced their biocompatibility,especially the Zn-0.4Fe alloy.Moreover,these Zn–Fe alloys showed outstanding antibacterial property.Taken together,Zn–Fe alloys could be promising can-didates as bioresorbable medical implants for various cardiovascular,wound closure,and orthopedic applications.
基金the HE images.This research was funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(NSFC 51833006)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1106100,2018YFC1106101)+3 种基金SJTU Trans-med Awards Research(WF540162603)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(201701070002E00061)the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(201840073)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai(17DZ2260100).
文摘Retinal degeneration is a main class of ocular diseases.So far,retinal progenitor cell(RPC)transplantation has been the most potential therapy for it,in which promoting RPCs neuronal differentiation remains an unmet challenge.To address this issue,innovatively designed L/D-phenylalanine based chiral nanofibers(LPG and DPG)are employed and it finds that chirality of fibers can efficiently regulate RPCs differentiation.qPCR,western blot,and immunofluorescence analysis show that right-handed helical DPG nanofibers significantly promote RPCs neuronal differentiation,whereas left-handed LPG nanofibers decrease this effect.These effects are mainly ascribed to the stereoselective interaction between chiral helical nanofibers and retinol-binding protein 4(RBP4,a key protein in the retinoic acid(RA)metabolic pathway).The findings of chirality-dependent neuronal differentiation provide new strategies for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases via optimizing differentiation of transplanted stem cells on chiral nanofibers.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0105400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072455,81772349,31470949)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515012181,2017A030313594)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project of China(201707010115).
文摘Conductive scaffolds have been shown to exert a therapeutic effect on patients suffering from peripheral nerve injuries(PNIs).However,conventional conductive conduits are made of rigid structures and have limited applications for impaired diabetic patients due to their mechanical mismatch with neural tissues and poor plasticity.We propose the development of biocompatible electroconductive hydrogels(ECHs)that are identical to a surgical dressing in this study.Based on excellent adhesive and self-healing properties,the thin film-like dressing can be easily attached to the injured nerve fibers,automatically warps a tubular structure without requiring any invasive techniques.The ECH offers an intimate and stable electrical bridge coupling with the electrogenic nerve tissues.The in vitro experiments indicated that the ECH promoted the migration and adhesion of the Schwann cells.Furthermore,the ECH facilitated axonal regeneration and remyelination in vitro and in vivo through the MEK/ERK pathway,thus preventing muscle denervation atrophy while retaining functional recovery.The results of this study are likely to facilitate the development of non-invasive treatment techniques for PNIs in diabetic patients utilizing electroconductive hydrogels.
基金the National Science Centre(Poland),grant UMO-2016/23/B/ST8/00724.
文摘The study is concerned with the mechanical properties of Zn and three Zn–Mg double alloys with Mg concentrations:0.5%,1.0%and 1.5%in the form of rods with a diameter of 5 mm as potential materials for use in biodegradable medical implants,such as vascular stents.The materials were cast,next conventionally hot extruded at 250°C and finally,hydrostatically extruded(HE)at ambient temperature.Occasionally HE process was carried at liquid nitrogen temperature or in combination with the ECAP process.After HE,the microstructure of the alloys was made up of fine-grainedαZn of mean grain size~1μm in a 2-phase coat of 50–200 nm nanograins of the fineαZn+Mg2Zn11 eutectic.The 3 to 4-fold reduction of grain size as a result of HE allowed an increase in yield strength from 100%to over 200%,elongation to fracture from 100%to thirty fold and hardness over 50%compared to the best literature results for similar alloys.Exceptions accounted for elongation to fracture in case of Zn-0.5 Mg alloy and hardness in case of Zn-1.5 Mg alloy,both of which fell by 20%.For the Zn-0.5 Mg and Zn–1Mg alloys,after immersion tests,no corrosive degradation of plasticity was observed.Achieving these properties was the result of generating large plastic deformations at ambient temperature due to the application of high pressure forming with the cumulative HE method.The results showed that Zn–Mg binary alloys after HE have mechanical and corrosive characteristics,qualifying them for applications in biodegradable implants,including vascular stents.
文摘The biocompatibility of biphasicα,β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics,obtained by annealing a compact preform based onβ-tricalcium phosphate powder,was studied in vitro.It was found that within 10–30 days the adhesion of primary dental pulp stem cells located on the surface of biphasicα,β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics is suppressed.Decrease of the cell number on the surface of biphasicα,β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics,most likely,can be associated with both the pH level(acidic)as a result of hydrolysis of the more soluble phase ofα-tricalcium phosphate and with the nature of surface that changes as a result of the formation and growth of hydroxyapatite crystals.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51571134)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2017BEM002)Shandong University of Science and Technology Research Fund(2014TDJH104).
文摘Biodegradable magnesium(Mg)-based alloys have aroused great concern owing to their promising characteristics as temporary implants for orthopedic application.But their undesirably rapid corrosion rate under physiological conditions has limited the actual clinical application.This study reports the use of a novel biomimetic polyelectrolyte multilayer template,based on polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)and polyacrylic acid(PAA)via layerby-layer(LbL)assembly,to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy.Surface characterization techniques(field-emission scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectrophotometer and X-ray diffractometer)confirmed the formation of biomineralized Ca–P coating on AZ31 alloy.Both hydrogen evolution and electrochemical corrosion tests demonstrated that the corrosion protection of the polyelectrolyte-induced Ca–P coating on AZ31 alloy.The formation mechanism of biomineralized Ca–P coating was proposed.
基金the financial support for this work from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1764254)supported by Tianjin Science and Technology(15ZCZDSY00920)。
文摘At present,titanium(Ti)and its alloys are most commonly use in hemostasis clip clinical applications.However,the Ti Clip cannot be absorbed in human body and produce artifacts on computed tomography(CT),and induce clinically relevant hypersensitivity in patients.In order to overcome the drawbacks of the non-degradable Ti clips,an Mg-Zn-Ca alloy operative clip was fabricated by combining hot extrusion and blanking processing.In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy operative clip were evaluated by L-929 Cells and SD rat model respectively.It was found that Mg-Zn-Ca alloy exhibited non-cytotoxic to L929 cells.In vivo implantation showed that the newly designed Mg-Zn-Ca clip can successfully ligated carotid artery and no blood leakage occurred post-surgery.During the period of the clip degradation,a small amount of H2 gas formation and no tissue inflammation around the clips were observed.The degradation rate of the clip near the heart ligated the arteries faster than that of clip far away the heart due do the effect of arterial blood.Histological analysis and various blood biochemical parameters in rat serum samples collected at different times after clip implantation showed no tissue inflammation around the clips.
基金The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51403202,51622307,51390484,51520105004)are gratefully thanked.
文摘Melanoma has been a serious threat to the human health;however,effective therapeutic methods of this cancer are still limited.Combined local therapy is a crucial approach for achieving a superior anti-tumor efficacy.In this paper,a chemo-immunotherapy system of DOX,IL-2 and IFN-g based on poly(g-ethyl-Lglutamate)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(g-ethyl-L-glutamate)(PELG-PEG-PELG)hydrogel was developed for local treatment of melanoma xenograft.The drug release process of this system exhibited a short term of burst release(the first 3 days),followed by a long-term sustained release(the following 26 days).The hydrogel degraded completely within 3 weeks without obvious inflammatory responses in the subcutaneous layer of rats,showing a good biodegradability and biocompatibility.The DOX/IL-2/IFN-g co-loaded hydrogel also showed enhanced anti-tumor effect against B16F10 cells in vitro,through increasing the ratio of cell apoptosis and G2/S phage cycle arrest.Moreover,the combined strategy presented improved therapy efficacy against B16F10 melanoma xenograft without obvious systemic side effects in a nude mice model,which was likely related to both the enhanced tumor cell apoptosis and the increased proliferation of the CD3t/CD4t T-lymphocytes and CD3t/CD8t T-lymphocytes.Overall,the strategy of localized co-delivery of DOX/IL-2/IFN-g using the polypeptide hydrogel provided a promising approach for efficient melanoma therapy.
基金This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health awards(EB012575,CA182670,HL118498)National Science Foundation(NSF)awards(DMR1313553,CMMI1266116,CMMI1537008).
文摘Hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide,with a multibillion dollar global market.Implant design remains a critical challenge for the successful repair and prevention of recurrent hernias,and despite significant progress,there is no ideal mesh for every surgery.This review summarizes the evolution of prostheses design toward successful hernia repair beginning with a description of the anatomy of the disease and the classifications of hernias.Next,the major milestones in implant design are discussed.Commonly encountered complications and strategies to minimize these adverse effects are described,followed by a thorough description of the implant characteristics necessary for successful repair.Finally,available implants are categorized and their advantages and limitations are elucidated,including non-absorbable and absorbable(synthetic and biologically derived)prostheses,composite prostheses,and coated prostheses.This review not only summarizes the state of the art in hernia repair,but also suggests future research directions toward improved hernia repair utilizing novel materials and fabrication methods.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21304099,51373177,315220023,51573188)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2014AA020708)+1 种基金the“Strategic Priority Research Program”of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA09030301-3)the Beijing National Science Foundation(Grant No.Z141100000214010).
文摘Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly human brain cancers.Unique barriers hinder the drug delivering pathway due to the individual position of glioblastoma,including blood-brain barrier and blood-brain tumor barrier.Numerous bioactive materials have been exploited and applied as the transvascular delivery carriers of therapeutic drugs.They promote site-specific accumulation and long term release of the encapsulated drugs at the tumor sites and reduce side effects with systemic delivery.And the delivery systems exhibit a certain extent of anti-glioblastoma effect and extend the median survival time.However,few of them step into the clinical trials.In this review,we will investigate the recent studies of bioactive materials for glioblastoma chemotherapy,including the inorganic materials,lipids and polymers.These bioactive materials construct diverse delivery vehicles to trigger tumor sites in brain intravenously.Herein,we exploit their functionality in drug delivery and discuss the deficiency for the featured tumors,to provide guidance for establishing optimized therapeutic drug formulation for anti-glioblastoma therapy and pave the way for clinical application.
